RU176841U1 - Light machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to personal respiratory protection in diving equipment, for underwater, rescue and other types of underwater operations. The lightweight machine consists of a body divided by an elastic membrane into two cavities - external and internal; covers; air supply device with a fitting for connecting the hose; an exhalation valve and an elastic cuff dividing the internal cavity of the body into two cavities: a submembrane and an air supply cavity. A useful model has solved the problem of creating a pulmonary machine that excludes additional resistance to inhalation and minimizes the chance of moisture contained in the exhaled air entering the air supply cavity. Thus, the possibility of icing of the air supply device is excluded.

Description

The utility model relates to personal respiratory protection in diving equipment, for underwater, rescue and other types of underwater work.

The construction of a pulmonary automaton (respiratory automaton or regulator of the second stage) is known (Merenov IV, Smolin VV "Diver's Handbook. Questions and Answers" - 2nd ed., Revised. And additional - L .: Shipbuilding, 1990, 400 s, ill.). All machines are arranged on the same principle. Their body is divided by an elastic membrane into two parts, external and internal. The external communicates with the environment (air on the surface and water when immersed), and the internal, isolated from the external environment, is filled with air for breathing. With increasing external pressure when immersed in water, as well as as air is consumed from the machine’s internal cavity by inhalation, the membrane bends and opens a valve through a system of levers, through which air enters the internal cavity and then to breathe. When exhaling, the membrane bends, the supply valve closes, and the exhalation valve opens and the exhaled gas is etched into the environment.

The drawback of the design of this pulmonary machine is that when used in an environment with a negative temperature (including water) in the internal cavity, the body and the lever system and the air supply valve are iced up, which can lead to jamming and the inability to supply air to breathing or vice versa to establish a constant flow of air. This process is mainly due to the fact that the air exhaled by a person has high humidity (up to 100%), moisture condenses and freezes (this mainly occurs in the area of the air supply valve seat, where the air supply is throttled, accompanied by its cooling).

The known design of the pulmonary machine according to the patent for utility model No. 153293. In the design of the pulmonary automaton there is a partition dividing the internal cavity of the body into two cavities: a submembrane and an inspiratory-expiratory cavity, and a single-acting device that passes air from the submembrane cavity into the inspiratory-expiration cavity.

The disadvantage of this pulmonary machine is the additional inhalation resistance created by a single-acting device located in the septum, as well as the likelihood of expired moisture getting into the submembrane cavity due to insufficient tightness of the single-acting device, and, as a result, possible icing of the supply valve and lever mechanism.

The proposed utility model solves the problem of creating a pulmonary automaton (breathing automaton or regulator of the second stage), in which additional resistance to breathing during inhalation is eliminated and the likelihood of expired moisture getting into the submembrane cavity is minimized.

The technical problem is solved in the design of the pulmonary machine, consisting of: a casing divided by an elastic membrane into two cavities (external and internal); covers fixing the elastic membrane and protecting it from mechanical damage, while being a deflector for exhausting expired gas; an air supply device with a main and control valve, comprising: a fitting for connecting an air supply hose, a main seat and a valve supplying air for breathing and a control seat and valve with a lever mechanism, providing a kinematic connection of the control valve with an elastic membrane; at least one exhalation valve located in the rigid center of the elastic membrane; a mouthpiece and an elastic cuff that fits snugly to the body and divides the internal cavity of the body into two cavities - a submembrane and an air supply cavity.

The elastic cuff can be made integrally with the elastic membrane of the pulmonary machine.

The technical result - the exclusion of additional resistance to breathing when inhaling - is achieved by the fact that the cuff is deflected by a stream of air supplied by the air supply device, and not by discharge created by the human lungs; minimization of the probability of expired moisture entering the air supply cavity - this is achieved by the fact that the internal cavity of the pulmonary automaton is divided into two cavities: a submembrane and an air supply cavity; with the help of an elastic cuff that fits snugly to the body, thereby minimizing the likelihood of moisture contained in the exhaled air entering the air supply cavity.

To improve the operational characteristics of the pulmonary machine, the elastic cuff can be made integrally with the elastic membrane.

To reduce the overall dimensions and more effective operation of the elastic cuff, the air supply device may contain a control valve, the dimensions of which are several (4 ÷ 10) times smaller than the main valve, which provides the necessary air supply for breathing. The small size of the control valve requires significantly smaller movements of the lever and the rigid center of the elastic membrane. Small movements of the lever allow more efficiently blocking the feed cavity from moisture entering it.

To reduce the overall dimensions, an exhalation valve can be installed in the rigid center of the elastic membrane, and the cover can act as a deflector.

In FIG. 1 shows the design of a pulmonary automaton in its initial state with an air supply device, with a control valve, with a cuff made integrally with an elastic membrane and an exhalation valve located in the rigid center of the elastic membrane.

In FIG. 2 shows the design of the same pulmonary machine (inspiratory phase).

In FIG. 3 shows the design of the same pulmonary machine (expiratory phase).

The pulmonary automaton (Fig. 1, 2, 3) consists of: a housing 1 divided by a cuff made integrally with an elastic membrane 2 into three cavities - external A, submembrane B and air supply cavity B; lids 3 protecting the elastic membrane 2 from mechanical damage and discharging bubbles of exhaled gas; an air supply device 4, with a main and control valve, comprising: a fitting for attaching an air supply hose G, a saddle main D, a main air supply valve 5 with a metering device E, a spring of the main valve 6 pressing the main air supply valve 5 to the saddle main D, control a saddle G, a control valve 7 with a lever And providing a kinematic connection of the control valve 7 with an elastic membrane 2, the spring of the control valve 8 pressing the control valve 7 to the control saddle W; at least one exhalation valve 9 in the form of an elastic flap-type valve installed in the rigid center 10 of the elastic membrane 2 and the sleeve 11 fixing the elastic membrane 2 in the housing 1.

The operation of the pulmonary machine is as follows: in the initial state: the main air supply valve 5 (Fig. 1) is pressed against the saddle D by the force of the spring 6 and the air pressure located in the control cavity K; the control valve 7 is pressed against the control seat F by the force of the spring 8 and the air pressure in the control cavity K; the elastic membrane 2 with a rigid center 10 is in the neutral position and does not act on the lever AND of the control valve 7; the exhalation valve 9 is pressed against the rigid center 10; the supplied air is on duty in front of the main air supply valve 5 and in the control cavity K;

when breathing with compressed air during inhalation (Fig. 2): a vacuum is created in the submembrane cavity B, under the influence of which the exhalation valve 9 is pressed even more against the rigid center 10, the elastic membrane 2 bends and presses the lever And of the control valve 7 with a rigid center 10, which turning, it overcomes the force of the control spring 8 and the pressure of the air on duty in the control cavity K and opens the control saddle W; compressed air rushes into the air supply cavity B; the pressure in the control cavity K drops, and the metering device E prevents the rapid flow of compressed air into the control cavity K and the pressure build-up, as a result of which the air pressure in front of the main valve overcomes the force of the main spring and the pressure in the control cavity K; the main valve 5 moves away from the main seat D; the air flow through the main saddle D through the channels L rushes into the cavity B and diverts the edge of the elastic membrane 2 from the housing 1 getting into the submembrane cavity B and then on the user's breath;

when exhaling (Fig. 3): at the end of the inspiratory phase, the rigid center 10 of the elastic membrane 2 returns to its original position, the control valve 7 under the influence of the control spring 8 and air pressure in the cavity K overlaps the control seat Ж; in the control cavity K, the air pressure increases and the main valve 5 closes the main seat D, stopping the air supply to the supply cavity B; the edge of the elastic membrane 2 returns to its original position, blocking the feed cavity B; in the submembrane cavity B, the exhaled gas creates excessive pressure, under the action of which the exhalation valve 9 opens, freeing the way for the exhaled gas, which is removed from the user’s field of view through the channels M of the lid 3.

Claims (6)

1. A lung machine, consisting of a body divided by an elastic membrane into two cavities - external and internal, covers, an air supply device with a fitting for attaching a hose, an exhalation valve, characterized in that there is an elastic cuff that divides the internal cavity of the body into two cavities: a submembrane and air supply cavity. 2. The lung machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic cuff is made integrally with an elastic membrane. 3. The lung machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhalation valve is located in the rigid center of the elastic membrane, and the cover of the pulmonary machine acts as a deflector. 4. The lung machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the air supply device comprises a control cavity, a seat and a valve. 5. The lung machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the control valve is made in the form of a direct valve. 6. The lung machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the control valve is made in the form of a check valve.

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