RU176249U1 - STAND FOR FIRING DECORATIVE ENAMEL PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of artistic enameling, and more specifically to the process of high-temperature firing during the creation of works of art using hot jewelry enamel technology, and can be used in the manufacture of decorative panels, three-dimensional products, souvenirs, jewelry.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to simplify the design of the stand for firing decorative panels using hot (jewelry) enamel technology and to improve the quality of products for the manufacture of which the proposed stand is used.

To achieve the stated result, a design change was made to the stand for firing decorative enamel products, made in the form of a grate 1 made of wire. The grate is made of welded steel wire with cells the size of which is at least 20 × 20 mm, while the grate is curved in the shape of the letter M with rounded edges 2. 2 zp crystals, 4 pic.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of artistic enameling, and more specifically to the process of high-temperature firing during the creation of works of art using hot jewelry enamel technology, and can be used in the manufacture of decorative panels, three-dimensional products, souvenirs, jewelry.

One of the main operations in the technology of hot jewelry enamel is the process of firing art panels in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 800 ° C. During the creation of a work with a complex artistic structure, multiple firing is required, the process of which is complicated with a decrease in size, and also depends on the shape of the product. When firing, a special support stand is required, the design of which must comply with the following requirements:

1) resistance to deformation upon repeated heating to a temperature of 800 ° C, followed by accelerated cooling;

2) stable fixation of the product on the stand, without distortions;

3) the minimum contact area of the metal stand with the fired product.

In practice, it has been proved that industrial coasters made by companies: the German Efcolor, the English Milton Bridge and the Japanese Sakura are impractical: they are inconvenient to put in the oven, only one product can be placed on them, and after several firing they begin deform strongly, due to the small thickness of the base, as well as the use of welding during their manufacture, which creates additional internal stresses in the metal. Also, their price is many times higher than the cost of materials for the proposed product.

In the field of artistic enameling, metal coasters are described, described by E. Brepol [Brepol E. Art enameling / Transl. with him. I.V. Kuznetsova; Ed. L.Z. Drought. - P .: Engineering, Leningrad. Sep., 1986 - p. 46]. Firing supports are made of unalloyed structural steel, which lends itself well to bending and molding. However, such steel deforms when heated, and, in addition, when heated, scale exfoliates from it, which can cause enamel surface defects. Coating the stand with kaolin avoids the appearance of scale, however, a large area of the metal surface and its deformation causes chipping of the kaolin layer, which, in turn, also causes additional pollution. This forces you to update the coating before each firing, as a result of which the process takes a lot of time, and the result does not always live up to expectations.

In the same place, E. Brepol describes a method of combating scale: coating the base with primer enamel for steel. However, this further complicates the firing process, since in this case additional layers of asbestos or mica are necessary so that the product does not stick to the stand. This method can only be justified on an industrial scale production of enamel products.

E. Brepol also described supports made of fireclay boards from 10 to 16 mm thick. When heated, they do not deform, however, they become brittle with sudden changes in temperature and can crack. In this regard, plates with dimensions exceeding 50 mm should be placed in a box of steel sheet. [Brepol E. Art enameling / Transl. with him. I.V. Kuznetsova; Ed. L.Z. Drought. - L .: Engineering, Leningrad. Sep., 1986 - p. 46]. The production of the metal base of such a stand becomes complicated and time-consuming, requires precise special equipment. Since a sheet of metal is used to make the base, it will quickly begin to deform, which will lead to a change in the stability of the chamotte plate. In speed, chamotte will begin to crack, sprinkle and give additional pollution in the furnace, which will adversely affect the artistic quality of the final product. Thus, it becomes obvious that such a stand is difficult to manufacture, quickly fails, and gives excessive pollution in operation.

Known supports of asbestos plate [Brepol E. Theory and practice of jewelry: Trans. with him. / Ed. L.A. Gutova and G.T. Oboldueva. - 4th ed., Stereotypes. - L., 1981. - S. 330]. A significant negative factor regarding the use of asbestos in the work is its carcinogenic effect, in addition, the fibers of such a support are fused into enamel. Flerova [A.V. Flerov. Materials science and technology of artistic processing of metals: Textbook. - M .: Higher. school, 1981. - S. 183-184] when describing the firing of products using hot enamel, the indicated disadvantages of the asbestos plate support were also noted.

In practice, it has been proven that the greatest practical value is provided by stands made of welded steel or woven mesh (the name "lattice" is also used). From a steel mesh, you can bend the stand for products of any size with your hands, you can change the size of the working space immediately before firing, you can set the original angle of inclination of the fired product. Equally valuable is the feature of the steel mesh that the structure of the base metal is heterogeneous. A grid is individual wires, linked at only a few points. Therefore, during firing, voltage cannot occur in the entire metal at once. All wires begin to deform separately, while the rest do not give them much bend. All sorts of firing substrates can be bent from stainless steel mesh. The net can be used as a flat stand, the legs bent down corners of which form legs. The stand can be turned upside down, then the legs are used as fulcrum for firing works with counter enamel, however, this design causes the enamel to stick at the points of contact with the grate.

In the literature (E. Bripol “Art enameling” and “Theory and practice of jewelry”, A. V. Flerov “Material science and technology for the artistic processing of metals”) and professional equipment manufacturers (“Efcolor”, “Milton Bridge”) there are stands only from woven mesh (see Appendix, reproduction 1), effective only for firing products without counter-enamel. As the closest to the proposed solution, they are taken as a prototype.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to simplify the design of the stand for firing decorative panels using hot (jewelry) enamel technology and to improve the quality of products for the manufacture of which the proposed stand is used.

To achieve the stated result, a design change was made to the stand for firing decorative enamel products made in the form of a wire lattice. The grill is made of welded steel wire with cells, the size of which is not less than 20 × 20 mm, while the grill is curved in the shape of the letter M with rounded edges.

The optimal lattice size is 2 cells wide and 9 cells long.

The optimum wire diameter of the grating is at least 2 mm.

The proposed design is simple to manufacture, can easily be bent into the desired shape even without the use of special equipment. Large cells in such a grid can reduce contact with the manufactured product, which helps to improve the quality of the product. In addition, such a lattice does not give a lot of scale in the workspace, which also improves the quality of jewelry enamel.

The bend of the grate under the product allows you to position the product so that there is no contact of the heated steel and counter-enamel, which eliminates adhesion. Materials for the manufacture of the proposed stand is much cheaper than analogues used in the manufacture. No special equipment is needed to manufacture the product

The proposed stand is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 - lattice,

FIG. 2 is a front view of a stand from a curved grill,

FIG. 3 - general view of the stand,

FIG. 4 - stand with the product in working condition.

The support for firing decorative enamel products is made in the form of a wire lattice (Fig. 1). The grill can be made of any welded steel wire of any diameter and with any cell size. The most convenient to use is a wire grid with a diameter of 2 mm. It is hard enough, which contributes to the long service life of the product (it deforms slightly and slowly burns out), and flexible enough so that during manufacture the steel does not break (tear) at the bends. A larger diameter wire is used primarily for firing heavy products (large area or with a base thickness of more than 2 mm). An important factor is that a grill (mesh) of any steel grade can be used.

The size of the cell 2 of the lattice is selected depending on the size of the fired product. For works of art of a large area, a cell size of 30 × 30-100 × 100 mm is used, for a smaller one, a size of 20 × 20-30 × 30 mm. A relatively universal cell size is 25 × 25 mm. Such a mesh is conveniently suitable for works ranging from 30 × 30 mm to 200 × 200 mm. The width of the stand can be increased to burn several pieces at a time

The fabricated grating is bent with the letter “V” in the central part, and then its edges 3 are bent with the letter “C” and form C-shaped symmetrical bends of the support legs, and the entire stand takes the form of the letter “M” with rounded edges (Fig. 2). To perform bends, special equipment is not required, you can even perform them manually.

The working space of the lattice of this shape is the central part of the V-shape, here the fired product is fixed.

The finished grid is shown in FIG. 3.

Since there are large cells in the welded mesh, its metal has little effect on the firing process of the product. Even uncovered with kaolin, the mesh does not give a lot of scale in the workspace, which is a big plus when working with jewelry enamel. Also, the factor of the magnetic properties of the metal in such a stand does not play a role.

In the process, the work of art is placed in the center of the product so that the wire of the stand contacts only with the ends of the panel trimmed from enamel glass (Fig. 4). In this case, the probability of adhesion of the enamel on the lower side of the plate to the stand during the firing process is excluded. The stand with the work can be placed in the furnace with any known tool, however, the most effective method is the use of two-arm forks.

Thus, the proposed stand has the following advantages over the known:

- materials for the manufacture of the stand are widely available and inexpensive (welded grating from steel of any brand);

- the manufacture of the stand from the grate does not require special equipment (angle grinder, nippers or scissors for metal, pliers, a hammer, vice, hard metal surface);

- during firing, the stand does not deform (the main advantage over analogues) and does not burn out during prolonged use;

- the stand emits little scale, and unlike most analogs, it can be used without additional kaolin processing;

- the shape of the lattice eliminates the contact of hot steel and counter-enamel, which does not cause adhesion and improves the quality of products with enamel.

- the stand can be used for the manufacture of enamel panels, the size of which varies within a wide range; the stand's advantage over analogues is most noticeable during work with small-sized artworks (up to 6 × 6 cm / buttons, pendants, earrings);

- the use of the proposed stand simplifies the manufacturing process of products and can improve the quality of products, especially small products with counter-enamel.

Claims (3)

1. A support for firing decorative enamel products made in the form of a wire grid, characterized in that the grid is made of welded steel wire with cells whose size is at least 20 × 20 mm, while the grid is curved in the shape of the letter M with rounded edges. 2. A support according to claim 1, characterized in that the lattice has a size of 2 cells in width and 9 cells in length. 3. The support according to claim 1, characterized in that the lattice is made of wire with a diameter of at least 2 mm.

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