RU17213U1 - GAS WATER BOILER - Google Patents

Description

GAS WATER BOILER

The proposed utility model relates to boilers designed for individual heating and hot water supply of residential and industrial buildings.

Currently, heating and hot water supply of multi-storey buildings is carried out mainly by centralized heat supply from the CHPP, less often - from the intra-boiler houses.

Hot water (coolant) is supplied to the building through steel pipes laid in trenches. However, it is known that the service life of steel pipes for hot water is about 5 years. This means that at least every five years, and not prophylactically, but accidentally, trenches are opened with all the ensuing consequences for urban utilities. In some cases, it’s practically impossible to replace or repair underground heating mains (other communications are affected: gas, telephone, sewer, electric), then they have to be duplicated by air (overhead), the thermal insulation of which is destroyed several times faster than the underground and requires additional costs for annual restoration repairs.

As a result, if the cost of a unit of heat produced directly at the CHPP is insignificant, then the associated costs are so great that in general, district heating becomes an unprofitable branch of the public utilities and cannot exist without subsidies.

RF patents No. 2038542, 2059164, IPC F 24 N 1 / 00-08, etc.) intended for heating and supplying hot water to residential buildings. Due to the low productivity and imperfect automatic control system, well-known boilers are not designed for heating and supplying hot water to buildings with increased number of storeys, volumes and areas.

According to the set of essential features, the closest JKI to the proposed device is a gas, hot water boiler (Gas water heater) according to patent P3 $ 2094708, 3 24 N I / I2, 1997).

The known boiler contains a combustion chamber in which a heat exchanger is placed, connected to the heating system of the building, a gas burner and an igniter equipped with automatic gas supply valves, and a device for igniting the igniter. The boiler also has a temperature sensor for heated water and a microprocessor system that controls the operation of the boiler according to a given program. Gas valve actuators and an igniter ignition device are connected to the system. A distinctive feature of the well-known boiler is the presence of four heat exchangers, each equipped with its own burner, which allows a wide range to smoothly regulate the performance of the boiler and ensure its high efficiency.

The disadvantages of the known boiler are as follows.

So, the design of: a well-known boiler provides for the possibility of building it up, i.e. presumably, two or more boilers can be included in the heat supply network, which in principle is correct, since it makes it possible to most easily obtain the required power. However, during the operation it turned out that since each of the boilers has its own individual automatic control system, it reflects and controls the current state of only its boiler, not reflecting and not controlling the state of the heat supply network as a whole. As a result, when a group of boilers on a single network there is a mismatch of control systems independent of each other, some of the boilers, when fully operational, exit the operating mode until the complete shutdown. It was also found that the number of monitored parameters for the safe and reliable operation of the boilers was clearly insufficient. As a result, the operation, especially of a group of boilers, required constant operator supervision, depriving the sense of a separate automatic control system.

The claimed technical solution was tasked with creating a gas water boiler capable of reliable operation in automatic mode, not only when it is used singly, but also in a group.

The problem is solved in that a gas-fired boiler is proposed, comprising a heat exchanger connected to a heat supply network, a gas burner with a pilot located in the combustion chamber, and a temperature sensor of the water heated by the boiler connected to a microprocessor-based system for automatically controlling the gas valves of the burner, pilot and a device for setting it on fire.

New in the proposed boiler is that it is made in the form of a group of modules, including one control module and at least one thermal module containing a combustion chamber, while the thermal module contains sensors for overheating of the heat exchanger, gas pressure, the presence of a flame at the igniter and the presence of traction in the chamber, and to the control module, sensors for cold water temperature, water pressure, external temperature and gas contamination of the room are additionally connected.

The boiler is also characterized by the fact that with one control module: it contains up to six thermal modules

Another feature of the boiler is that the control module contains manual controls and visual controls.

The technical result of the claimed boiler is that the thermal modules aggregated into a group can operate on a single heating network without loss of automatic control quality.

On fig shows a diagram of a thermal module; figure 2 is a schematic General view of the control module.

The claimed boiler has a modular layout, including at least one thermal module I (figure 1) and one control module 2 (figure 2). In the implemented embodiment, one module 2 can simultaneously control a group of modules I in an amount of up to 6 pcs.

Thermal module I (Fig. 1) is a cabinet having a combustion chamber 3, with an exhaust pipe 4 for discharging burnt gases. In the chamber 3, a heat exchanger 5 is placed, connected to the heat supply network of the building through pipelines, respectively, for hot water (pressure line) and cold water 7 (return line). The heat exchanger 5 is equipped with an overheating sensor 8, and the network with temperature sensors 9 and 10 () of hot and cold water, respectively.

In the chamber 3, under the heat exchanger, a gas burner II is mounted, equipped with an automatic valve 12 for supplying gas to the burner. In the zone of the burner, a flame sensor 13 and an ignitor 14 are installed, having a device for igniting it, made in the form of a pulsed electric charger 15. The igniter 14 is also equipped with an automatic gas valve 16. The pipelines for supplying cold water and gas have respective sensors 17 (Fig. 2) and 18 (figure 1) pressure.

The control module 2 () is a separate cabinet, in the lower part of which two network pumps 19 are mounted, connected in parallel to the pressure line 7 of the IB module of the upper part of the cabinet, a block 20 is installed, which contains a microprocessor-based automatic control system, on the front panel of which there are visual control means at the operation of the boiler and manual controls in the form of a digital display, signal lights, toggle switches, switches, etc.

The design of the control system of the declared boiler is insignificant, because it sets a specific program of the boiler, and the same program can be implemented by many different well-known means. For example, in the microprocessor control system of the claimed device, programmable single-chip microcontrollers of the PIC I6 / I7 family can be used, each of which replaces a multi-element circuit. Recommended applications for these microcontrollers include smart sensors, control circuits, industrial robots, etc. (see Electronic components. Single chip microcontrollers. MICROCHIP pic 16c8x. Riga, OKMICX, 1997). The program implemented by the control system is compiled based on the totality and sequence of actions of the actuators of the claimed device, which is described below in the work section.

In addition to the above sensors and actuators, an external temperature sensor 21, a gas contamination sensor 22, a traction sensor 23 in the chamber 3 and actuators 24 of the electric pumps of the network pumps 19 are also connected to the control unit 20.

It is obvious that the installation of pumps 19 in the cabinet of the control module 2 is only one of the possible layout options, since the pumps can be installed separately, in any convenient place.

In the heating mode, the water network itself (pipelines 6.7) is closed, not connected to an external source of water supply (like any closed network, it must have accumulating devices such as make-up, expansion tanks, etc.).

The device operates as follows.

After it is connected to the house heating network (pipelines 6 and 7) and to the power supply, the operator, using the HEATING / HOT WATER switch, sets the operation mode of the boiler. If the toggle switch is: in the HEATING position, the water in the boiler (sensor 9) is heated taking into account the external temperature (sensor 21), if in the HOT WATER position, then according to the temperature difference between the sensors 9 (hot water) and 10 (cold water). In this case, the set temperature at the outlet of the boiler is laid in the system program or set manually by the operator. Obviously, in the hot water mode, the flow of water from the domestic heating network should be compensated from the external water supply network.

Then, the NETWORK switch turns on the electric circuits of the boiler, and one of the network pumps 19 is turned on (alternatively, after every 12 hours, the pumps switch over the system timer). Then the START / STOP toggle switch is put into the START position, after which the boiler goes into automatic operation, which is as follows.

In accordance with the program embedded in the system, the valve 16 is first turned on and the igniter 14 is purged with gas, during which air is expelled from it. The countdown of the purge time is displayed on the digital display of unit 20. At the end of the purge time on the arrester 15 for 30 seconds. high voltage voltage is supplied by pulses. If after 30 seconds igniter 14 will not light up, high-voltage discharges ceased- 6 No. 0041ld $

mop up and purge is repeated.

After the igniter is ignited, which will be visible by the signal of the flame sensor 13, the pulse supply to the spark gap 15 is stopped and the valve 12 for supplying gas to the burner II is opened,

The draft sensors 23, gas contamination 22, overheating 8, gas pressure 18 and water 17 are emergency, respectively, or not allowing the boiler to start, or turning it off from work in case of emergency. The remaining sensors (9,10,21) are working, ensuring normal operation of the boiler in a given mode.

Of the eleven communication channels indicated by indices from a to mg, seven channels (a, b, c, e, k, l, m) transmit information on the device status to the control system, which is processed by the system and fed to actuators in the form of commands the other four channels (g, d, f, and) „

As mentioned above, one control module 2 can serve up to six thermal modules I. However, the actions and operations to start and operate the group of modules I in their principle part will not differ from that described.

Obviously, if necessary, the device can be switched to manual control mode.

./w Authors - G.S. Naumenko

D)

, V.I. Chervyakov # / V.A.Segal Yu.V. Shchukhrov

Claims (3)

1. A gas boiler containing a heat exchanger connected to the heat supply network of the building, and a gas burner with a pilot located in the combustion chamber, as well as a temperature sensor of the boiler heated by water, connected to a microprocessor-based system for automatically controlling the gas valves of the burner, pilot and ignition device , characterized in that the boiler is made in the form of a group of modules, including one control module and at least one thermal module containing a combustion chamber, while the thermal module soda rzhit sensors overheating heat exchanger, the flame from the igniter and the presence of the thrust chamber, and the control module is further connected to the pressure sensors and the temperature of cold water and the gas pressure.  2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that with one control module it contains up to six thermal modules. 3. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the control module comprises means of manual control and visual control.