RU170793U1 - THERMOADHESION SEPARATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the mining industry, and more particularly to devices for the enrichment of rocks and sands containing diamonds, and can be used by diamond mining enterprises at various stages of the enrichment process for piecewise selection and extraction of diamond grains from a mixture of related minerals. The thermal adhesive separator includes a conveyor belt with longitudinal channels in the form of triangular grooves for moving grains of diamond-containing minerals, a device for applying a layer of thermo-adhesive substance to the grooves, a vibratory feeder for feeding mineral grains to the channels of the conveyor belt, rotating disk-heaters installed above the grooves along their longitudinal axis, diamond grain cutter, receiving hoppers for grit and diamonds. Each heater disk, together with a rotation drive, is mounted and fixed on one of the shoulders of the two-shouldered rocker arm, on the opposite shoulder of which there is a counterbalance weight. In this case, the indentation force exerted on the grains of the concentrate upon hitting the rotating disk-heater on them is easily controlled by smoothly moving the counterweight along the longitudinal axis of the opposite arm of the rocker arm. Technical result: increased reliability and simplified maintenance of the separator. 1 ill.

Description

Application area

The utility model relates to the mining industry, more specifically to the process of enrichment of rocks and sands containing diamonds, and can be used by diamond mining enterprises at various stages of the enrichment process for the selection and extraction of diamond grains from a mixture of related minerals.

State of the art

At present, for the enrichment of diamond-bearing rocks and sands, X-ray luminescent separators based on the ability of diamond grains to luminesce in the visible spectrum of electromagnetic waves under the action of X-rays have received the widest practical use [1] (Malanyin MI, Krupenina AP, Cherkashina MM, Rumyantseva VV “Enrichment of diamond-bearing bedrock and sand.” State Scientific and Technical Publishing House of Literature on Geology and Mineral Protection, Moscow, 1961, p. 152). All separator devices based on the X-ray fluorescent method for separating diamond-containing rocks have a similar functional set of features: means of transportation and supply of the source rock, means of detecting useful minerals in the source rock by the selected separation characteristics, including an x-ray source and at least one photodetector, an actuator for separating useful mineral from the source rock, electrically controlled by a photodetector signal, device properties for the accumulation of useful minerals and waste rock, an electronic control system associated with the respective separator blocks [2] (Avdeev S.E., Makhrachev AF, Kazakov LV, Levitin AI, Morozov V.G. X-ray luminescent separators of NPP Burevestnik OJSC - the hardware basis of the Russian technology for enrichment of diamond-containing raw materials // Mining Journal. 2005. No. 7).

X-ray separators have high performance, but the disadvantage of all X-ray separation devices is the low separation selectivity, due to the fact that a significant part of the grains of natural diamonds does not fluoresce or weakly luminesce under the influence of x-ray radiation. In addition, many associated minerals in diamond-bearing rocks and sands, such as zircon, feldspar, halite, and most calcium-containing minerals, like natural diamonds, have X-ray luminescent properties, so that the X-ray luminescent separator perceives and extracts them as diamonds. As a result, a concentrate enriched with diamonds is obtained at the output of the X-ray luminescent separators, which must be manually sorted to extract diamonds from grains of related minerals.

The most selective devices for diamond are thermal adhesion separators based on the effects of extremely high thermal conductivity of diamond and the high adhesive (adhesive) ability of some fusible organic polymers, which they manifest when heated in the molten state. At room temperature, while in the solid state, the above organic polymers do not have adhesive properties. It is known that extremely high thermal conductivity as well as the highest hardness is a unique property inherent only in diamond, which provides thermal adhesion separators with high selectivity for the separation of diamond grains from a mixture of related minerals.

Known thermal adhesive separator [3] (RF Patent No. 2079368, IPC V03B 1/02, publ. 05/20/1997) containing a vibrating feeder, conveyor belt, emitter, grain cutter useful component, receiving bunkers of waste rock and useful component. The emitter is made in the form of a contact heater-drum rotating towards the flow of grains of the separated material, and the conveyor belt is made of elastic sponge material, for example foam rubber or sponge rubber, impregnated with fusible substance - paraffin on top. Grains of minerals located on the surface of a moving conveyor belt pass under a contact heater, which, rotating against the flow of separated material, presses the grains into the sponge belt, providing reliable thermal contact. After contact heating, the minerals, moving with the tape, spend sufficient time on it, during which the fusible substance cools under the useful component and fixes the grains on the tape. With further movement of the material, the grains of gangue that do not adhere to the tape come off and fall freely into the receiving hopper. Grains of a useful mineral fixed on the tape, moving further, are separated by a cutter and enter the accumulative receiving piggy bank.

A disadvantage of the known device is the low efficiency and selectivity of the separation of diamond grains when separating mixtures of minerals of small dimension classes, since the surface of the heater, when touching and pressing grains with sizes less than 2 mm, can touch the sponge surface of the conveyor and melt the fusible substance with which it is impregnated and attach it to the tape along with diamond grains are gangue grains. In addition, with the simultaneous contact of several grains of minerals having different surface shapes with the surface of a drum heater, as follows from the description of the invention, and its collision — direct pressing of grains onto the spongy surface of the conveyor — a heat flux will pass through the grains of minerals, depending on the contact area of contact the surface of the heater and the grain, depending on its shape, as a result of which their temperature can reach the melting temperature of the fusible material of the conveyor. As a result, gangue grains will attach to the thermoadhesive layer of the conveyor and, ultimately, will end up in the receiving hopper for diamond grains. In the described device, paraffin is used as a thermal adhesive substance, which does not have a sufficiently high adhesive ability in the molten state to diamond grains, which also reduces the selectivity of the separator.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a thermal adhesive separator described in the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2546702, publ. 04/10/2015, IPC V03V 5/44 [4]. The separator comprises a conveyor belt, on the surface of which longitudinal zigzag grooves are formed over its entire width, a special device for applying a layer of thermo-adhesive substance on the surface of the grooves, a vibratory feeder for feeding grains of the separated material onto the grooves, rotating heating discs installed above the grooves along their longitudinal axis, diamond grain cutter, receiving hoppers for grit and diamonds. The heating disks are suspended on elastic plates to give them independent mobility in the vertical direction, so that from the moment of contact of the heater disk with the grains of minerals and until they exit from them, there is a continuous transfer of heat through the grains of minerals to the thermal adhesive layer.

A disadvantage of the known device is that the use of an elastic plate or spring to provide a rotating disk-heater to smoothly rise and fall when hitting mineral grains and leaving them requires accurate calculation and selection of parameters of elastic elements - material, geometric dimensions depending on the mass of each suspended disk heater. The task is complicated by the fact that when the heater disk is hitting mineral grains, the applied grain load must be constant and adjustable. This is due to the fact that the reliable fixing of diamond grains to the layer of thermal adhesive depends not only on the temperature of the disk heater, but on the amount of indentation force exerted on them by the disk heater, which requires fine adjustment of the constant load applied to the grains.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the reliability of the separator by improving the suspension design of the rotating disk-heater. In addition, the proposed technical solution can significantly simplify the adjustment of the indentation force exerted by the rotating disk-heater on the grain of minerals.

The technical result is achieved in that in a separator containing a conveyor belt with longitudinal channels in the form of triangular grooves for moving grains of diamond-containing minerals, a device for applying a layer of thermo-adhesive material to the grooves, a vibratory feeder for feeding the grain of minerals to the channels of the conveyor belt, rotating disk-heaters installed on supporting racks above the grooves along their longitudinal axis, diamond grain cutter, receiving hoppers for grit and diamond grains, according to the proposed climb In the model, each heater disk, together with a rotation drive, is mounted and fixed on one of the shoulders of the two-shouldered rocker arm, on the opposite shoulder of which there is a counterweight weight. In this case, the indentation force exerted on the grains of the concentrate upon hitting the rotating disk of the heater is controlled by smoothly moving the counterweight weight along the longitudinal axis of the opposite arm of the rocker arm with fixing its position at the required distance relative to the axis of rotation of the rocker arm.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 is a kinematic diagram of a thermal adhesive separator showing two heater disks mounted on the arms of a rocker arm over two longitudinal grooves of a conveyor belt. The rocker arms are mounted on support racks located along the conveyor belt. Here, light and black circles show grains of diamonds and gangue, respectively.

Utility Model Implementation

The device operates as follows (Fig. 1). A mixture of diamond-containing grains of minerals 1, which are separated by an ordered monolayer formed by a vibratory feeder 2, is fed to the channels — triangular grooves of the conveyor belt 3, on the surface of which, using a special device 4, a layer of fusible thermo-adhesive substance 5 is applied, for example rosin. To ensure independent mobility in the vertical direction, each heater disk 6 together with the rotation drive 7 is mounted and fixed on one of the arms of the rocker arm 8, on the other arm of which is a counterbalance weight 9. The rocker arms 8 are mounted on supporting racks 10 located along the conveyor belt 3. In the absence of mineral grains 1 on the gutters, the arm of the rocker arm 8, on which the disk heater 6 is mounted, abuts against the adjusting stop 11 of the support column 10 so that the working edges of the disk heater 6 do not touch were washcoat termoadgezionnogo substance deposited on the chute of the conveyor belt. Moving on the grooves of the conveyor belt 3, the grains of minerals pass sequentially under the disk-heater 6. In this case, each disk-heater 6 rotating towards the grain flow as a result of the rotational movement of the rocker arm 8 around its axis when hitting the grains 1 smoothly rises and falls when leaving them providing continuous thermal contact. In this case, the indentation force exerted on the concentrate grains by the heating disk 6 is controlled by the movement of the counterweight 9 along the axis of the opposite arm of the rocker arm 8. The adjustable and controlled movement of the counterweight along the arm of the rocker arm can be achieved, for example, as follows: on the corresponding shoulder of the lever-beam 8, made in the form of a round rod, a thread is cut over its entire length, onto which a cylindrical counterweight 9 is screwed with a thread conjugated with the rod .

With the specified values of the indentation force and the speed of the conveyor belt 3, the temperature of each heater disk 6 is controlled and set so that only under the grains of diamond (light circles) does the layer of thermal adhesive substance 5 melt and attach them to the grooves of the conveyor belt 3. Grains of other minerals (black circles) because of their low thermal conductivity compared to diamond grains at a set temperature of the heater disk 6 and the speed of the conveyor belt 3 do not melt a layer of thermal adhesive about substance 5 and do not attach to the gutters of the conveyor belt 3. With further movement of the gangue grains that do not adhere to the gutters, at the end of the conveyor belt, when it is bent, they freely come off and fall into the gutter of the gangue 12. The grain of diamond fixed on the gutters of the conveyor belt, moving on, removed by the cutter 13 and fall into the hopper for receiving diamonds 14.

The claimed utility model is easy to implement. Using this utility model provides increased reliability and simplified maintenance of the separator.

Information Sources Used

[1] - Malanyin M.I., Krupenina A.P., Cherkashina M.M. and Rumyantseva V.V. "Enrichment of diamond-bearing bedrock and sand." State Scientific and Technical Publishing House of Literature on Geology and Mineral Protection, Moscow, 1961, p. 152.

[2] - Avdeev S.E., Makhrachev A.F., Kazakov L.V., Levitin A.I., Morozov V.G. X-ray luminescent separators OAO NPP Burevestnik - the hardware basis of the Russian technology for enrichment of diamond-containing raw materials // Gorny Zhurnal. 2005. No. 7.

[3] - RF Patent No. 2079368, IPC B03B 1/02, publ. 05/20/1997.

[4] - RF Patent No. 2546702, IPC V03B 5/44, publ. 04/10/2015.

Claims (2)

1. Thermo-adhesive separator containing a conveyor belt with longitudinal channels in the form of triangular grooves for moving grains of diamond-containing minerals, a device for applying a thin layer of thermo-adhesive material to the grooves, a vibrating feeder for feeding mineral grains to the channels of the conveyor belt, rotating roller-heaters mounted on elastic suspensions above the grooves of the conveyor belt along their longitudinal axis, a device for removing and receiving gangue and diamond grains, characterized in that the elastic the suspension is made in the form of a two-shouldered rocker arm, a rotating heater-roller is attached to one of the shoulders, and a counterweight weight is located on the opposite shoulder. 2. The thermal adhesive separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the rocker arm is made in the form of a round rod, moreover, a thread is applied to one of its shoulders, and the counterweight is cylindrical with the possibility of moving it along the threaded arm of the rocker arm.

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