RU169762U1 - PORTABLE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medical equipment, namely to the design of a portable electrocardiograph, and can be used for individual or remote diagnostics of the human cardiovascular system. An electrocardiograph is a device that allows you to quickly take an electrocardiogram. The electrocardiograph uses the principle of measuring potential differences between different points on the surface of the human body by applying electrodes. A portable electrocardiograph consists of a measuring device, electrode cables connected by electrodes to certain areas of the human body, the fastening system and fastening straps. The measuring device is fixed with a fastening system in the solar plexus area. On the measuring device, electrode cables are located at four corners. Electrodes are superimposed on certain areas of the human body: on the right subclavian cavity, the left subclavian cavity, at the bottom of the right costal arch, at the bottom of the left costal arch. Each electrode cable is connected to an electrode that is closest to the corner of the measuring device from which the electrode cable exits. Thus, the proposed utility model will simplify and make intuitive the process of applying electrodes to the human body and connecting electrode cables to electrodes, thereby reducing the likelihood of improper attachment of electrode cables, as well as improving the quality and diagnostic suitability of the signal recorded by a portable electrocardiograph. Moreover, the proposed electrode installation scheme allows for the removal of electrocardiograms in standard leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL and aVF, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the subsequent analysis of the electrocardiogram by a doctor and reduce the likelihood of a medical error.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to medical equipment, namely to the design of a portable electrocardiograph, and can be used for individual or remote diagnostics of the human cardiovascular system.

State of the art

Electrocardiography is one of the main and proven methods for studying the cardiovascular system. An electrocardiograph is a device that allows you to quickly take an electrocardiogram. The electrocardiograph uses the principle of measuring potential differences between different points on the surface of the human body by applying electrodes. Each of the measured potential differences is called a lead. Leads I, II and III are superimposed on the following limbs: I - the right arm (minus) - the left arm (plus), II - the right arm (minus) - the left leg (plus), III - the left arm (minus) - the left leg ( a plus). No readings are recorded from the electrode on the right foot: its potential is close to conditional zero, and it is used only to ground the patient.

Reinforced limb leads aVR, aVL, aVF - unipolar leads are also recorded. They are measured relative to the averaged potential of all three electrodes (Wilson system) or relative to the averaged potential of two other electrodes (Goldberger system, gives an amplitude of about 50% more). It should be noted that among the six signals I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF, only two are linearly independent, i.e., knowing the signals in only two leads, one can find signals in the other four leads by adding / subtracting .

The traditional design of a portable electrocardiograph [1, 4, 5] contains a measuring device, electrode cables, electrodes.

One of the common mistakes when taking an electrocardiogram is the incorrect application of electrodes to the human body or the incorrect connection of electrode cables with superimposed electrodes.

A device known as “Portable digital cardiograph” [1], designed to immediately receive a single-channel electrocardiogram of the patient, the removal of the standard electrocardiogram, as well as for monitoring during transportation of the patient or stopping paroxysm of rhythm disturbance, anginal pain. The design of this portable digital electrocardiograph includes a measuring device, a liquid crystal screen on the front surface, connectors for connecting electrode cables, three electrodes on the back surface of the measuring device. Electrode cables are a bundle of wires.

The disadvantages of this design:

- the electrocardiograph allows you to take the electrocardiogram using three electrodes mounted on the back wall of the electrocardiograph, but since the electrocardiograph is not mounted on the human body, the measurement is possible only at rest, otherwise errors may occur;

- The electrocardiograph allows you to remove the electrocardiogram using electrode cables, which are a bundle of wires. This increases the likelihood of connecting with the wrong electrodes, which leads to incorrect ECG recordings. To reduce the likelihood of error, a special marking of each cable is used to place it in a certain area on the human body, but this requires remembering the correspondence of the marking and the specific zone on the human body to install the electrode.

Known portable electrocardiographs that record electrocardiograms on a single lead [2, 3] with the results displayed on the integrated display. Such devices are small and have electrodes integrated into the housing. The electrocardiogram is recorded using the electrodes built into the electrocardiograph to the human body. Such portable electrocardiographs contain three electrodes, an input-output unit, a controller configured to register, process and transmit information, non-volatile memory, a keyboard, a display, a speaker and a modem. The electrodes are connected to the input of the input-output unit and integrated into the body of the electrocardiograph.

The disadvantages of these portable electrocardiographs are that:

- it is impossible to take an electrocardiogram simultaneously from several leads (only sequentially, but this complicates further analysis and comparison of signals from different leads);

- the electrocardiograph is not fixed on the human body, which allows you to remove the electrocardiogram only at rest, otherwise measurement errors are possible.

Known prototype device Portable apparatus for monitoring heart activity [6]. The first electrode is located on the housing, the second electrode is separate from the specified device, the first and second electrodes are used to create electrical contact with the corresponding parts of the patient’s body. The fastening means for attaching the specified device is presented in the form of a twisted cord, which is fixed on the human body. The device includes an electronic unit for processing electrical signals of the heart.

This invention has several methods of implementation.

In the first operating mode, it is worn constantly by the patient, electrode 2 is in constant contact on the back of the neck, and if you feel unwell, the patient presses the body of the device to the chest, initiating ECG recording for subsequent analysis by a specialist doctor. The device includes memory, which can store several records of a given length. The length and number of entries is determined by the doctor. Records received and stored in memory can be read directly from the device by the doctor during patient consultation.

In another mode of operation, the device is connected to one or more auxiliary electrodes. The connected electrodes are located on the human body as follows: the first electrode is located on the device’s body, the second and third electrodes are mounted in the upper part of the chest, the fourth electrode is fixed in the region of the heart. The device operates in monitoring mode, that is, it records the electrocardiogram continuously. The first electrode located on the device’s body is fixed by means of a conductive gel on the human body. This operating mode corresponds to the Holter technique.

In the third possible mode of operation of the device, the signals are processed to obtain the user's heart rate, and after determining the upper and lower threshold, the processor responds to a heart rate above the threshold to give an audible or light alarm.

The disadvantages of this invention:

1. The proposed arrangement of electrodes, especially in the first embodiment of the invention, will not allow to remove the standard electrocardiographic leads, which will significantly complicate the subsequent analysis of the removed electrocardiogram by a doctor and increase the risk of medical error.

2. The proposed scheme for installing additional electrodes in the second embodiment of the invention is not intuitive and can cause confusion for the device user, which can lead to installation errors and, consequently, to inaccurate electrocardiograms, making it difficult for subsequent analysis and increasing the risk of medical errors.

3. The proposed option of placing the main electrodes (one on the back of the neck and the other on the back wall of the device’s body, placed on the strap on the neck) excludes the possibility of using specialized medical electrodes or conductive gels that improve the contact of the electrodes with the patient’s skin. This will lead to a large scatter in the electrical parameters of the contact of the electrodes with the patient’s body, depending on many factors (humidity, the presence of sweat and its salt composition, the density of the hair, etc.), and therefore, in some cases, it will significantly reduce the quality of the recorded electrocardiogram, up to diagnostic unsuitability.

This utility model is aimed at eliminating the above-described disadvantages due to the location of the electrode cables at the four corners of the measuring device and the location of the measuring device in the solar plexus, which makes it possible to remove the electrocardiogram from standard electrocardiographic leads (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF) , and also allows the use of medical electrodes and conductive gels to improve the contact of the electrodes with the patient’s skin.

Utility Model Disclosure

The problem to which the utility model is directed is to simplify the process of applying electrodes and improve the quality of the recorded signal with a portable electrocardiograph.

The technical result achieved by using the utility model is to reduce the number of errors when applying electrode cables and electrodes of a portable electrocardiograph and to increase the diagnostic suitability of the obtained electrocardiograms. The reduction in the number of errors is achieved due to the location of the electrode cables at the four corners of the measuring device, thus, each electrode cable is connected to the electrode on the human body that is closest. This arrangement of electrode cables does not require special labeling, and it is also possible to independently install electrodes by a person at home without special medical knowledge, including people with disabilities (for example, people with visual impairments who are unable to distinguish between the marking of lead cables).

When implementing the proposed utility model, the indicated technical result is achieved due to the fact that the portable electrocardiograph consists of a measuring device, electrode cables connected via electrodes to certain areas of the human body, a fastening system and a fastening belt on the measuring device, and the electrode cables are located at the corners of the measuring device and each of them is connected to the electrode, which is located closest to the others to the corner of the measuring device, from which electrode cable. The measuring device is secured with a fastening system and a fastening belt in the solar plexus area. Electrodes are superimposed on certain areas of the human body: on the right subclavian cavity, the left subclavian cavity, below the right costal arch, below the left costal arch. Each electrode cable is attached to the electrode, which is closest to the corner from which the electrode cable exits, ensuring the achievement of the specified technical result.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the connection of components in the implementation of the utility model.

In FIG. 2 shows an example of attachment of electrodes to the human body.

Utility Model Implementation

As shown in FIG. 1, the proposed electrocardiograph contains:

- measuring device 1;

- electrode cables 2.1-2.4 located at the corners of the measuring device and transmitting electric potential from the electrodes 5.1-5.4 to the measuring device 1;

- mounting system 3, intended for mounting the measuring device 1 to the human body;

- a belt 4 intended for fastening the measuring device 1 to the human body using the fastening system 3;

- electrodes 5.1-5.4, designed to remove the potential from the surface of the human body in the place of their attachment.

As shown in FIG. 2, the electrodes 5.1-5.4 are mounted on the human body as follows:

- electrode 5.1 is mounted on the right subclavian cavity;

- electrode 5.2 is mounted on the left subclavian cavity;

- electrode 5.3 is attached at the bottom of the right costal arch;

- electrode 5.4 is attached at the bottom of the left costal arch.

This arrangement of the electrodes allows you to ensure the removal of the electrocardiogram from standard leads I, II, II, aVR, aVL, aVF, which will increase the efficiency of the analysis of the data obtained by the doctor and reduce the likelihood of medical error.

The measuring device 1 with the fastening system 3 and the belt 4 is mounted on the human body in the solar plexus.

The electrode cables 2.1-2.4 are located at the four corners of the measuring device 1.

The electrode cable 2.1 is connected to the electrode 5.1, the electrode cable 2.2 is connected to the electrode 5.2, the electrode cable 2.3 is connected to the electrode 5.3, the electrode cable 2.4 is connected to the electrode 5.4.

The proposed design of the utility model will reduce the number of errors when installing the device for removing the electrocardiogram and improve the quality of the recorded signal. The number of errors is reduced due to the fact that the electrode cable is connected to the electrode that is closest to the corner from which the electrode cable exits, which is intuitive for the person installing the device.

Information sources

1. Portable digital cardiograph [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.incart.ru/atts/10345/Cardioscop.pdf. - (Date of treatment: 01/19/2015).

2. A mobile communication device with the possibility of cardiac monitoring: US Pat. Utility Model No. RU 2463952 U1; declared 09/30/2010; publ. 04/10/2012.

3. A device for recording ECGs and rheograms based on a mobile communication device: US Pat. No. RU 107467U1; publ. 08/20/2011.

4. Device for recording ECG with the formation of zero potential at four points: US Pat. No. RU 87342U1; publ. 10/10/2009.

5. Device for recording ECG and REO: US Pat. No. RU 74283 U1; publ. 06/27/2008.

6. Portable apparatus for monitoring heart activity: US Pat. No. 4,635,646 A; publ. 01/13/1987.

Claims (1)

A portable electrocardiograph consisting of a measuring device connected by electrode cables to electrodes configured to be mounted on the right subclavian cavity, the left subclavian cavity, at the bottom of the right costal arch, at the bottom of the left costal arch, the fastening system and the fastening belt; the electrode cables are located at the four corners of the measuring device and each of them is connected to the electrode, which is located closest to the others of the corresponding corner of the measuring device, from which the electrode cable exits, while the measuring device is made with the possibility of fastening by means of a fastening system and a fastening belt person in the solar plexus.

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