RU168895U1 - WATER BOILER - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a domestic hot water boiler, is intended for hot water supply and heat supply of individual houses equipped with water heating systems, and can be used with significant changes in the standard voltage in electrical networks. The technical result is an increase in the reliability and duration of electrical circuits and the boiler as a whole, including the accurate selection of the operating parameters of the device. For this, the boiler includes a housing in which a heating element is placed, a heat exchanger with a heat carrier, equipped with an input and an output, a power supply connected through a control unit with control elements, characterized in that an alternating voltage regulator is additionally installed in the boiler body, while the input the AC voltage stabilizer is connected to the mains, and the output of the AC voltage stabilizer is connected to the input of the power supply. 6 c.p. f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The domestic hot water boiler is intended for hot water supply and heat supply of individual residential houses equipped with water heating systems, and can be used with significant changes in the standard voltage in electrical networks.

Most modern models of hot water boilers are made volatile. For the operation of a gas or electric hot water boiler, the voltage in the mains with a constant value is necessary. The durability and uptime of devices containing electronic components is ensured, to a large extent, by the stability of the electric current that feeds them. The characteristics of the supply network, according to the main standard, in the Russian Federation are determined by the following values: 0.4 kV / 220 V. However, the input voltage supplied to the connected electrical device may differ depending on the load of the supply network. Often, such fluctuations reach the limits from 140 to 280 V. With the indicated parameters, the power supply unit of the electric device cannot ensure the operability of the device, which leads to its disconnection or to failure of the device components.

To prevent this scenario, a voltage stabilizer is introduced into the device’s power supply circuit, which should ensure that the voltage of the supply network is balanced.

A known power supply of a gas boiler (CN 200979189 (U), c. 200620036557.1), including a voltage regulator LM317. In the electric circuit of the power supply unit, the specified stabilizer is installed after the step-down transformer and rectifier, that is, in its section of the circuit, the stabilizer provides correction of the DC voltage. In this case, voltage correction is carried out within narrow limits: from 1.25 V to 37 V, after its conversion and rectification, to smooth out the error in the operation of the conversion circuit and can only be used in networks with good power quality. When using such a circuit, it is not possible to stabilize and level out significant changes in AC voltage at the outlet of the supply network.

The closest equivalent is the Bosch GAZ 6000W WBN 6000-18 N household gas single boiler (http://www.bosch-climate.ru/engels/gaz-6000-w.html). In the recommendations on the use of hot-water boilers in networks with an unstable supply voltage, it is recommended that the heating / water supply system, of which the boiler is a part, is a separate part, is a voltage stabilizer separately. The disadvantages of using separately installed voltage stabilizers are the increased dimensions of the water heating system, expressed, in particular, in that the voltage regulator, as a device, is a parallelepiped-shaped housing in which at least one transformer is installed, and a transformer stage switching system, depending on the type of stabilizer. These components, as a rule, occupy no more than 60% of the total body volume, the rest of the space remains unused. This increases the dimensions of the system of the boiler-voltage stabilizer. There is a possibility of failure of electronic components as a result of improper selection of the type of stabilizer, without taking into account the technical parameters of the boiler, for example, its power, type of boiler, which can lead to failure of the boiler control unit and, in extreme cases, cause fire. In particular, hot water boilers using gas and electricity as a source of thermal energy require the installation of voltage regulators of different capacities. The increased length of wires and the number of connections complicate the installation of the boiler, reducing the reliability of the electrical circuit and the boiler as a whole. The presence of detachable connections in the stabilizer - boiler circuit may also contribute to sparks, which may also result in a fire. Among other things, the addition of a standard hot-water boiler with a separate voltage stabilizer allows you only to choose a stabilizer model based on market offers, in particular, the power of the stabilizer can be either significantly higher than the power consumed by the boiler, which will entail additional financial costs for the consumer, or slightly lower than the power consumption, that with a likely short-term increase in load, such a stabilizer will fail.

The objective of the technical solution is to create a hot water boiler, the design of which allows to increase the reliability and duration of the electrical circuits and the boiler as a whole, including the accurate selection of the operating parameters of the device, and to exclude expensive repairs.

The problem is solved in that the boiler is a hot-water boiler, comprising a housing in which a heating element is placed, a heat exchanger with a heat carrier, equipped with an input and an output, a power supply connected via a control unit to control elements, characterized according to the invention in that a voltage regulator is additionally installed in its housing AC, while the input of the AC voltage stabilizer is connected to the mains, and the output of the AC voltage stabilizer is connected to the input of the unit Tania.

It is advisable to install an AC voltage stabilizer in a single housing with a power supply.

In a particular case, this problem is additionally solved by the fact that an electromechanical voltage stabilizer based on a power autotransformer is used as an AC voltage stabilizer.

In the particular case, this problem is additionally solved by the fact that as a voltage stabilizer for alternating current use a relay voltage stabilizer.

In the particular case, this problem is additionally solved by the fact that a thyristor voltage stabilizer is used as an AC voltage stabilizer.

In the particular case, this problem is additionally solved by the fact that a triac voltage stabilizer is used as an AC voltage stabilizer.

In the particular case, this problem is additionally solved by the fact that a pulse voltage stabilizer is used as an AC voltage stabilizer.

The proposed design of the hot water boiler in all implementations differs from the analogue in that the device is additionally equipped with an AC voltage stabilizer, the input of which is connected to the mains, and the output is connected to the input of the power supply.

In the process of manufacturing a hot water boiler, an AC voltage stabilizer is placed in the casing in front of the power supply unit, or directly in the casing of the power supply unit, corresponding to it according to technical characteristics, in particular, according to the type and power of the boiler.

The presence of an AC voltage stabilizer allows you to control and adjust the magnitude of the output, relative to the stabilizer, voltage, to level out voltage changes at the output of the mains, as the input of the AC voltage stabilizer is connected directly to the mains, and the output of the AC voltage stabilizer is connected to the input of the boiler power supply. Providing the boiler with a stabilizer of alternating current voltage at the factory allows avoiding errors in the selection of the type of stabilizer after installing the boiler at the consumer, which is fraught with the occurrence of a fire, short circuits. The input voltage U1 is monitored by the regulating device, when changing the parameters of the input voltage U1, the regulating device sends a signal to the actuator (the actuator can be an autotransformer electric drive, electromechanical relays, electronic keys), these elements switch the steps of the power transformer, then the regulating device checks the converted voltage. The stabilized voltage acquires a constant and constant value, arriving at the power supply unit and then to the control unit with a control display. What ensures the reliability of electrical control circuits, increases the electrical safety of the operation of the boiler and the life of the boiler as a whole. If the stabilized voltage does not meet the requirements of the electric equipment of the boiler, the regulating device disconnects the stabilizer from the mains.

The voltage stabilizer circuit can be supplemented with a thermo-bimetallic breaker installed in one of the sections of the circuit. Due to the long-term operation of the stabilizer in conditions of low voltage of the supply network, and, therefore, with increased current strength, the components of the stabilizer are heated. Exceeding the critical temperature of the components causes the thermobimetal breaker to trip and the device to disconnect from the electrical network

Placing the AC voltage stabilizer exactly in the boiler body simplifies the installation of the boiler with the consumer. Allows you to reduce the dimensions of the water heating system as a whole, reduces the length of the electrical wires and the number of their connections.

As an AC voltage stabilizer, an electromechanical, relay, thyristor, triac or pulse voltage regulator can be used.

When supplying a voltage stabilizer to a boiler, the design of which provides for an active smoke exhaust unit and / or circulation pump, the power of a voltage stabilizer should be calculated by the formula:

Where:

P _stab - the required power of the stabilizer;

k - safety factor, 10-15% recommended, i.e. 1.1-1.15

P _EC - full power of electrical consumers (components);

P _ED - power of the electric motor of the active smoke removal unit;

P _ЦН - electric motor power of the circulation pump;

cosϕ1, cosϕ2 - correction factor from the documentation for the electric motor, if absent, the average value is taken - 0.7

On the control panel of the boiler can be displayed indicators that transmit information about the status of the stabilizer, such as: a control element that allows you to use the delay control after the device is started.

A stabilizer circuit using an autotransformer (ATP) as a stabilizing element can be used using galvanic isolation, which implies the use of an additional network isolation transformer in the circuit section after the power transformer. The use of an electromechanical voltage stabilizer is not possible in hot water boilers using gas as a source of thermal energy due to the likelihood of a spark occurring during the operation of the stabilizer, namely, when the contact is opened and closed.

The device is illustrated in the following figures:

FIG. 1 is a generalized block diagram of a boiler;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the electrical system of a boiler;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the electrical system of a hot water boiler with an electromechanical AC voltage stabilizer;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the electrical system of a boiler with a relay voltage regulator;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the electrical system of a hot water boiler with an electronic AC voltage stabilizer;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the electrical system of a boiler with a pulse AC voltage stabilizer.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1-6, the device of the hot water boiler can stabilize the voltage supplied by the power supply network within 140-280 V. The hot water boiler includes a housing 1, an AC voltage stabilizer 2 installed in it, a power supply 3, a control unit 4, a heating element 5, a heat exchanger with a heat carrier provided with an input and output 6. Referring to FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the electric system of the boiler, includes a power supply 3 with an AC voltage regulator 2 inserted into its case. Devices for measuring parameters 7 of the operation of the boiler (temperature, gas pressure control device, others), controller 8 and actuators 9 comprise a block diagram a control unit supplemented by a control panel 10. FIG. 3 shows a special case of using an AC voltage stabilizer based on an electromechanical autotransformer, where U1 is the input voltage, the control unit 11, the electromechanical drive of the autotransformer 12, the power transformer 13, U2 is the stabilized DC voltage supplying the components of the control unit 4. FIG. 4 shows a special case of a hot water boiler, in which a voltage stabilizer is installed, where U1 is the input voltage coming from the mains, the value of U1 can vary between 140-280 V, control unit 11, power transformer 14, K1, K2, K3 relays for switching the transformer windings according to the signal from the control unit, U2 stabilized DC voltage to power the components of the control unit 4. In FIG. Figure 5 shows a special case of a hot water boiler using electronic keys as a voltage stabilizer, where U1 is an unstable input voltage, control unit 11, K1 ... Kn electronic keys (thyristors or triacs) 15, power supply 3, U2 stabilized DC voltage, block management 4.

The device operates as follows. With the parameters of a single-phase supply network providing a potential difference of 220 V ± 7%, the voltage stabilizer is included in the operation of the electric system of the boiler without changing its parameters, that is, the power transformer present in the stabilizer circuit ensures transmission to the secondary winding of the electric current with constant voltage. When the voltage drop in the supply network U1 is lower than 200 V, the control unit monitors the voltage drop at the input section of the electric circuit. The control unit 11 performs the calculation of the network parameters and sends a command to the actuator voltage adjustment. Depending on the embodiment, as already described in the description, there may be: an electromechanical autotransformer, relay keys, electronic keys (thyristors, triacs). When using an autotransformer in the circuit, the control unit 11 supplies a signal to the electromechanical drive 12, which changes (in this case, increases) the transformation coefficient by including more windings in the network. The voltage regulator, in the design of which electric relays are used, when the voltage drops, carries out the adjustment as follows: from the control unit 11, a signal is sent to one or more keys, which include the necessary number of turns of the secondary windings of the transformer in the circuit. When using a combination of a power transformer and electronic keys 15 as a stabilizer, the control unit 11 switches on the required triac (thyristor) by applying a powerful pulse at the moment the sinusoid passes the voltage zero point. By controlling the transformation coefficient using the methods described above, the stabilizer delivers a voltage-corrected alternating current to the power supply 3, where it is reduced to the operating voltage of the components of the electric system of the boiler, rectifying and obtaining a constant electric current of voltage U2, which supplies the components of the control unit. With increasing voltage of the supply network, the chain of transformations already described is technically carried out, the difference is only in lowering the transformation coefficient.

If the design of the boiler has hot-water motors, it is possible to equip the claimed device with a delayed control unit for the parameters of the supply network, since during the start of the electric motor there is a short-term increase in the power consumed by the device. This moment can be taken into account when calculating the power of the voltage stabilizer according to the formula given earlier in the description.

The device of the boiler is presented below with examples of specific performance, including various variations of the boilers according to the type of heat energy source and type of AC voltage stabilizer.

Example 1 - electric boiler

An electric water heating boiler with a total power of 4.2 kW in the housing (1) of which is placed an electromechanical AC voltage stabilizer (2) connected to a supply network with a voltage of U1 140-280 V, the output of which is connected to the input of the power supply (3). The electromechanical AC voltage stabilizer is installed directly in the power supply unit of the boiler.

The control unit is connected in series with the control unit in series with the parameter measuring devices (7) of the heat electric heater (5), heat carrier (6), controller (8), actuators (9) and control panel 10. The electromechanical AC voltage stabilizer is installed with a 20% power reserve with a range of operating voltages from 140-280 V. The voltage value is controlled by the control unit 11, when exceeding the maximum permissible voltage value, it is stabilized by using an autotransformer 13 with drive 12. When off enii input voltage from the nominal value, the control unit supplies the drive signal to move the autotransformer winding current collecting assembly according to the autotransformer to the desired value in either direction. By means of this, an adjustable autotransformer generates a compensation voltage, which is summed (or subtracted) with the input mains voltage. Feedback works until the output voltage deviation is fully compensated. The voltage takes on a constant and constant value even before it enters the power supply. This type of AC voltage stabilizer provides an accuracy of stabilization of the output voltage of ± 3% and ensures reliable operation of electrical control circuits and the boiler as a whole. The stabilized constant voltage U2 5-24 V after the power supply is supplied to the control unit and the control panel.

When using the standard design of a hot water boiler with increasing or decreasing voltage, components of the electrical circuit that are sensitive to deviations from the nominal voltage range can fail, as a rule, such components are integrated circuits, MOS transistors and microprocessors. The standard step-down transformer of the boiler has a constant transformation ratio, therefore changes in the parameters of the supply network are reflected in the converted current. Consequently, the remaining components of the circuit are exposed to overvoltage or undervoltage. Due to the dense packing of components in integrated circuits and microprocessors, the main mechanism for their failure is the process of degradation and destruction of microconductors due to the action of a high voltage compared to the calculated one. In the case of exposure to semiconductor elements of a reduced current compared to the calculated voltage, unstable operation of individual elements is possible, which can cause the malfunction of the control unit and the boiler as a whole, as well as lead to damage.

Example 2 - gas boiler

A gas water-heating boiler with an open combustion chamber with a power of 100 W in the housing (1) of which there is an AC voltage relay stabilizer (2) connected to a 140-280 V supply network U1, the output of which is connected to the input of the power supply (3). Physically, the relay voltage regulator is installed in a separate housing from the boiler power supply. The power supply is connected in series with the control unit (4) with devices for measuring parameters (7), opening the damper — a gas burner (5), temperature of the heat carrier (6), controller (8) and actuators (9), in particular, a three-way valve, control panels 10. The relay stabilizer is selected with a power reserve of 20%, i.e. power of 120 W with a range of operating voltages of 140-280 V. The voltage value is monitored on the control unit 11 when exceeding the maximum permissible level is stabilized by switching with the help of relays K1, K2, K3 the secondary windings of the transformer 14. The voltage is stabilized and acquires a constant and constant value even before it enters to the power supply. This type of relay AC voltage stabilizer provides reliable operation of electrical circuits and the boiler as a whole. The stabilized constant voltage U2 of 5-24 V (depending on the type of control unit) after the power supply unit is supplied to the control unit and control panel.

Example 3 - electric boiler

An electric water heating boiler with a power of 4.7 kW in the housing (1) of which is placed an electronic voltage regulator of alternating current (2), connected to the supply network U1 of 140-220 V and the output of which is connected to the input of the power supply (3).

The power supply is connected in series with the control unit (4) with the parameter measuring devices (7), the controller (8) and actuators (9), the control panel 10. The stabilizer is selected with a power reserve of 20%, with a working voltage range of 140-280 V.

The voltage value is monitored on the control unit 11, when the maximum permissible limit is exceeded, it is stabilized by switching the secondary windings of the transformer 14 using electronic keys K1, K2, ..., Kn (15). Thyristors or triacs can be used as electronic keys (15).

The voltage stabilizes and acquires a constant and constant value even before it enters the power supply. An electronic AC voltage stabilizer of this type provides a high degree of voltage stabilization and reliable operation of electrical circuits and the boiler as a whole. The stabilized constant voltage U2 of 5-24 V (depending on the type of control unit) after the power supply unit is supplied to the control unit and control panel.

Example 4 - gas boiler

Gas-fired boiler with a closed combustion chamber, an active smoke removal unit, 180 W power, in the housing (1) of which an AC voltage regulator (2) is placed, connected to the supply network U1 of 140-280 V and the output of which is connected to the input of the power supply (3 ) The voltage regulator and power supply are integrated, a single circuit. The power supply is connected in series with the control unit (4) with the parameter measuring devices (7), the controller (8) and actuators (9), the control panel 10. The stabilizer is selected with a power reserve of 20%, i.e. no less than 240 VA with a working (input) voltage range of 150-280 V. The voltage value at the output of the stabilizer is controlled by a control unit (11) and is supported by pulse-width modulation. The input voltage is rectified by a rectifier (16) and then regulated by a key (17) by high-frequency switching, maintaining a constant modulus value of the output voltage that is supplied to the isolation transformer (14) of the power supply

The voltage stabilizes and acquires a constant and constant value even before it enters the power supply. Switching AC voltage stabilizer provides a high degree of voltage stabilization and reliable operation of electrical circuits and the boiler as a whole. The stabilized constant voltage U2 5-24 V after the power supply is supplied to the control unit and the control panel.

The above examples are special cases of the implementation of the utility model, the scope of legal protection of the device is determined by the formula of the utility model.

The proposed hot water boiler can be manufactured in existing workshops or factories for the production of heating equipment, using well-known materials and tools.

The proposed boiler can be used in an autonomous heating system and hot water supply in electrified areas with unstable supply network parameters.

Claims (7)

1. The boiler is a hot-water boiler, comprising a housing in which a heating element is placed, a heat exchanger with a heat carrier, equipped with an input and an output, a power supply connected via a control unit to control elements, characterized in that an alternating voltage regulator is additionally installed in the boiler housing, the input of the AC voltage stabilizer is connected to the mains, and the output of the AC voltage stabilizer is connected to the input of the power supply. 2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the AC voltage stabilizer is installed in the power supply housing. 3. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that an electromechanical voltage stabilizer based on a power autotransformer is used as an AC voltage stabilizer. 4. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a relay voltage stabilizer is used as an AC voltage stabilizer. 5. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a thyristor voltage stabilizer is used as an AC voltage stabilizer. 6. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a triac AC voltage stabilizer is used as an AC voltage stabilizer. 7. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a pulse voltage stabilizer integrated with a power supply is used as an AC voltage stabilizer.

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