RU168451U1 - Deep-cooled Combined Engine Air Supply System - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposal relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building, and can be used to increase the efficiency of cooling the charge air and increase the power, economic and environmental indicators of the combined engine with supercharging. The essence of the proposal: the air supply system of the combined engine with deep cooling contains engine 1, an intake manifold 2, exhaust pipe 3, compressor 4, turbine 5, additional exhaust pipe 6, discharge pipe 7, muffler 8, air th filter 9, air pipe 10, cooling turbine 11, cooling compressor 12, additional air pipe 13, cooling pipe 14, vortex cooler 15, heat exchanger 16. Compared with the closest analogue (prototype), the proposed air supply system of the combined engine with deep cooling provides increased efficiency of the combined diesel engine with gas turbine supercharging, that is, it provides deeper cooling of the fresh charge of air (increases the mass of fresh charge and air entering the engine cylinders) and thereby improves power performance and fuel efficiency, reduces the amount of emissions of toxic components with exhaust gases arising from incomplete combustion of fuel.

Description

The proposal relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building, and can be used to increase the cooling efficiency of charge air and increase the power, economic and environmental performance of a combined supercharged engine.

A known system of two-stage cooling of the charge air of an engine to increase the cooling efficiency of a fresh charge of air, comprising an internal combustion engine with a turbocharger, a first stage cooler, a second stage cooler, a refrigerant circuit, for example, freon, through a supercharger, a condenser, an evaporator and absorber, where the cooler of the second stage of cooling the charge air is made integral with the evaporator of the refrigerant circuit, and the cooler The adder of the first stage of cooling of the charge air is included in the refrigerant circuit between the absorber and the supercharger (Copyright certificate SU No. 1312204 A1, F02B 29/04, published on 05.23.1987).

The two-stage charge air cooling system uses an additional charge air cooling circuit, in which an intermediate coolant (freon) is used. In a two-stage charge air cooling system, atmospheric air is compressed in a turbocompressor compressor and at high temperature and high pressure enters the cooler of the first charge air cooling stage, where it is pre-cooled. At the same time, the freon liquid phase enters this cooler from the absorber, where the freon is heated and enters the heater. From the turbine of the turbocharger, the exhaust gas enters the heater, which heats the refrigerant to the boiling point, and the latter enters the condenser in the vapor state, where it is cooled to low temperatures. At the same time, the charge air enters the cooler of the second stage, where it is cooled and enters the engine cylinders.

A disadvantage of the known system of two-stage cooling of charge air is the impossibility of its widespread use on combined engines with supercharging, since a large amount of space is required to accommodate system elements. Due to the high performance of the turbocharger compressor, the system has a low cooling rate of charge air. The system is complex in design, since it uses individual devices of the circulation circuit of an additional intermediate coolant (freon) coolant, and this requires additional increased attention to the tightness of the system, increased maintenance requirements and inspection of the system, in order to prevent refrigerant (freon) leakage ) For the implementation of the circulation of the intermediate coolant coolant (freon) requires the selection of power from the engine. This complex leads to a complication of the design, to insufficient cooling of the charge air and a decrease in the efficiency of the combined engine with pressurization in various operating modes.

This design is the closest to the proposed technical essence and is taken as the closest analogue (prototype).

The objective of the proposal is to increase the cooling efficiency of charge air, and increase the power, economic and environmental performance of a combined engine with supercharging.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the air supply system of the deep-cooled combined engine is equipped with a cooling turbine installed after the turbine of the main turbocharger of the engine through an additional exhaust pipe and designed to convert the remaining kinetic energy of the exhaust gases into mechanical work (to obtain rotational movement of the shaft with the aim of transmitting it to the cooling compressor). A cooling compressor is installed, designed to pump air from the air filter into the vortex cooler through installed additional air pipe and cooling pipe. The cooling turbine and the cooling compressor together form an additional cooling turbocompressor (Khanin N.S. Supercharging and superchargers of automobile engines / N.S. Khanin, A.N. Sherstyuk. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1985.-221 p.), Which The design is similar to the main engine turbocharger. A vortex cooler is installed (A. Azarov. Use of vortex air coolers in mechanical engineering technology / A.I. Azarov // Mechanical engineering technology. - 2002. - No. 2. - P. 36-40.), The principle of which is based on the well-known Rank effect consisting of vortex tubes in which the air entering through nozzle openings is divided into a hot region of high temperature (formed around the periphery of the pipe) and a cold region of low temperature (formed along the center of a cold pipe), and designed in the proposed system for cooling air (p lowering its temperature). A heat exchanger is installed between the compressor of the main turbocompressor and the engine inlet pipe (Baranovsky N.V. Plate and spiral heat exchangers / Baranovsky N.V. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1973.-288 p.), Which is a regenerative device, which is designed in this system to transfer heat (thermal energy) from the heated fresh air charge after the compressor of the main engine turbocompressor to the cooled air after the vortex cooler. In combination, this leads to a deeper cooling of the fresh air charge, an increase in the mass of the fresh air charge entering the engine cylinders, and thereby an improvement in engine performance.

Analysis of the proposed solution allows us to conclude that it meets the conditions of patentability of a utility model.

The proposal is illustrated in the figure, which shows the air supply system of the combined engine with deep cooling.

The proposed air supply system for a deep-cooled combined engine comprises an engine 1, an intake pipe 2, an exhaust pipe 3, a compressor 4, a turbine 5, an additional exhaust pipe 6, a discharge pipe 7, a muffler 8, an air filter 9, an air pipe 10, a cooling turbine 11 , cooling compressor 12, additional air pipe 13, cooling pipe 14, vortex cooler 15, heat exchanger 16.

The proposed air supply system of the combined engine with deep cooling operates as follows.

When the engine is not running, the air supply system of the deep-cooled combination engine does not work.

When the engine is running, the exhaust gases flow from the cylinders of the engine 1 to the exhaust pipe 3, and from it go to the turbine 5 of the main turbocharger. Then the exhaust gases flow through the pipe 6 to the cooling turbine 11 of the additional turbocharger and then through the muffler 8 are discharged into the environment. The exhaust gases on the turbine 5 perform the work of rotating the impeller of the turbine 5, which is rigidly connected to the impeller of the compressor 4. The compressor 4 pumps a fresh charge of air from the air filter 9 through the air pipe 10, through the discharge pipe 7, the heat exchanger 16 and the intake pipe 2 into the engine cylinders 1. The fresh air charge in the compressor 4 is compressed, and its pressure and temperature increase. The exhaust gases after the turbine 5, which still have energy, enter the cooling turbine 11, perform the work on the rotational movement of the impeller of the cooling turbine 11, which is rigidly connected to the impeller of the cooling compressor 12. The cooling compressor 12 pumps air from the air filter 9 through an additional air pipe 13 through the cooling pipe 14 to the vortex cooler 15. In the vortex cooler 15 (the principle of operation of which is based on the well-known Rank effect) the air flow from refrigeration compressor 12 enters through the nozzle holes in the vortex tubes, in which it is divided into the hot region of high temperature (formed around the periphery of the pipe) and the cold region of low temperature (formed at the center of the cold pipe). A stream of hot air is discharged from the vortex cooler 15 into the environment. A stream of cold air enters from the vortex cooler 15 through a pipeline into a heat exchanger 16, cools therein a fresh charge of air coming through a discharge pipe 7 from a compressor 4, and is discharged into the environment. Thus, a fresh charge of air entering the inlet pipe 2 from the heat exchanger 16 has a lower temperature (higher density), and therefore, a fresh charge of a larger mass of air necessary for an efficient fuel combustion process enters the cylinders of the engine 1.

Compared with the closest analogue (prototype), the proposed air supply system for a deep-cooled combined engine, consisting of structural elements: engine, intake manifold, exhaust manifold, compressor, turbine, silencer, air filter, injection manifold, air manifold having mutual location and relationship between each other, and characterized in that additional structural elements are installed: additional exhaust pipe, cooling turbine, cool Yelnia compressor, an additional air duct, a cooling pipe, a vortex cooler and a heat exchanger, which are in turn arranged mutually together and have a bond to each other. As a result of the implementation of this connection and their joint work, energy is transferred from the exhaust gases of the engine to the turbine of the main turbocompressor and the cooling turbine of the additional turbocompressor, which drives the cooling compressor. The cooling compressor, in turn, pumps air into the vortex cooler (working according to the Rank principle), in which it is divided into two regions - high and low temperature, and then low-temperature air (cold air) enters the heat exchanger, in which energy is transferred in the form heat from a fresh charge of air (compressed by the compressor of the main turbocharger and therefore having a high temperature) to cold air from a vortex cooler, which allows cooling of a fresh charge of air, p stepping into the engine cylinders.

Compared with the closest analogue (prototype), the proposed air supply system of a deep-cooled combined engine provides an increase in the efficiency of a combined diesel engine with gas turbine supercharging, that is, it provides deeper cooling of the fresh air charge (increases the mass of the fresh air charge entering the engine cylinders), and thereby improves power performance and fuel efficiency, reduces the amount of emissions of toxic components with exhaust gases, ikayuschih by incomplete combustion of fuel.

These advantages indicate the achievement of the task - increasing the cooling efficiency of charge air and increasing the power, economic and environmental performance of a combined diesel engine with supercharging.

Claims (1)

The air supply system of a deep-cooled combination engine, comprising an engine, an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, a compressor, a turbine, a silencer, an air filter, a discharge pipe, an air pipe, characterized in that an additional exhaust pipe, a cooling turbine, a cooling compressor, an additional air are installed piping, cooling piping, vortex cooler and heat exchanger.

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