RU167068U1 - DEVICE FOR NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS AND RESTORATION OF PERCEPTION OF LENGTH IN PATIENTS OF NEUROLOGICAL CLINIC - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for neuropsychological diagnosis and restoration of length perception in patients of a neurological clinic, characterized in that it contains a transparent plastic tubular body with a diameter of 25-50 mm and a length of 400-800 mm, the back side of which is coated with an opaque light color, all over two T-shaped guides are rigidly fixed to the length of the tubular casing above and below, on each of which are installed with the ability to move two rectangular slider made of plastic light color, while on the edges of the tubular body of the device two side covers of a round shape are rigidly fixed, and a round separator plate made of light plastic made of plastic of a light color is rigidly fixed to the center of the tubular body, while in the inner part of the tubular body of the device it is axially mounted rotation a plastic plate, the length of which is equal to the length of the tubular body of the device, and on one side of the plate are applied two scales of the same size with millimeter strokes by dividing and by the digital designation of centimeters, and on the right scale, the numbers are located in direct order from the separator plate, and on the left scale, the numbers are in the reverse order, while on one side of the tubular body of the device, a rotary knob connected by axial connection with a plate located inside the tubular body of the device.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the field of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during neuropsychological diagnostics and restoration of one of the components of the process of spatial perception of a person - perception of length that is disturbed in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions.

Spatial perception plays a crucial role in human life, providing its orientation in a spatially organized environment.

The structure of a person’s spatial perception includes various components: the perception of the distance at which objects are located from us and each other, the direction in which they are located, the size and shape of objects (Rubinstein S.L. Fundamentals of General Psychology, St. Petersburg: Peter Publishing House , 2000, 712 pp.).

The perception of distance or length is one of the components of the spatial perception of a person, which is impaired in patients with a neurological clinic as a result of various organic brain lesions.

In practical psychology, length perception is often considered as one of the components of the human eye, for the study of which the following method is used:

The test subject is given a form that shows the vertical and horizontal segments of different fixed lengths (from 60 to 180 mm), each of which he must divide exactly in half. After completing the assignment to the subjects, the experimenter measures the actual accuracy of the division of the segments, recording the results in the study protocol. When conducting this study, division bias can be observed in which the dividing label is regularly shifted to the left or to the right, which may indicate an asymmetry of perception or the presence of a syndrome of neglect that accompanies the functional weakness of the right parieto-occipital region (Bizyuk A.P. Compendium of neuropsychological research methods . 2005, St. Petersburg: Speech, p. 65).

The disadvantages of this method of studying the perception of length when using it during the neuropsychological diagnosis of patients in a neurological clinic are:

1. The inconvenience of conducting a survey for a specialist who has to measure with a ruler the length of the left and right parts of each segment, which can be more than ten;

2. The insignificant length of the segment (up to 180 mm) used to study the perception of length, as a result of which the accuracy of the study decreases;

3. The possibility of manifestation of the tendentiousness of the division of segments, distorting the results of the study of perception of length;

4. The need for a pre-prepared form with various segments.

Along with neuropsychological diagnosis, this method can also be used for classes to restore spatial perception in patients of a neurological clinic, during which work is carried out to restore perception of length. In this case, the disadvantages of using this method to restore the perception of length are similar to the disadvantages of using this method to diagnose the perception of length.

From the existing level of technology there is a device for studying the ability to perceive the length of the segments - eye line (Perception of the length of the line, found on the Internet at: http://studopedia.ru/14_3146_vospriyatie-dlini-linii.html).

This device consists of a standard ruler 250-300 mm long, installed using a stand located in its central part on a horizontal surface. In the center of the line is a strip dividing it into two halves (left and right). The side of the ruler facing the subject is sealed with a strip of white paper. On the top of the line are two sliders.

During the study, the experimenter moves one of the sliders away from the center strip strip at a distance of 50-120 mm. A test subject who is at a distance of 0.5 meters from the ruler must move his slider the same distance in the opposite direction. The sample is repeated 10 times.

The disadvantages of the eye line when using it to study the perception of length during the neuropsychological diagnosis of patients in a neurological clinic are:

1. The inconvenience of performing actions for the patient, who should be at a distance of 0.5 m from the device, and therefore can not pick it up, to bring it closer to a distance comfortable for his visual system, which helps to more accurately determine the line length;

2. The duration of the study, associated with the need for sequential execution of ten operations of the same type, consisting in the fact that first one of the sliders is set by the experimenter, then the other slider is set by the patient, then again the experimenter, etc .;

3. Difficulties in fulfilling the assignment by patients of a neurological clinic with impaired fine motor skills of the hand, due to the fact that the slider moved by the patient is not firmly fixed to the surface of the ruler, and therefore can exit the connection with it due to impaired patient movements;

4. The need for a horizontal table surface to work with the device, which does not allow the device to be used for neuropsychological examination of bedridden patients;

5. The inconvenience of working with the device for a specialist due to the fact that the digital designation of the divisions of the ruler comes from its left edge, and not from the central strip, therefore, when checking the patient’s task, the specialist has to count the distances from the strip located in the center of the ruler to each from the sliders.

Along with neuropsychological diagnostics, the eye line can also be used for classes to restore spatial perception in patients of a neurological clinic, during which work is carried out to restore length perception.

In this case, all of the above disadvantages are manifested when using the eye line to restore the perception of length. In addition, there are specific disadvantages of using this device when conducting rehabilitation classes with patients in a neurological clinic:

1. The inconvenience of patients conducting independent studies in places where there is no horizontal surface, for example, in the corridors of the clinic, on walks, etc .;

2. Difficulties for patients to conduct a self-test of the correctness of the tasks, since the digital designation of the divisions of the ruler comes from its left edge, and not from the central strip, therefore, when self-checking the correctness of the actions performed, the patient must each time count the distances from the strip located in the center of the ruler to each of the sliders, which is difficult for patients with impaired spatial perception, which is often accompanied by a violation of the count.

In order to overcome the existing shortcomings of the eye line, a "Device for neuropsychological diagnosis and restoration of length perception in patients of a neurological clinic" was developed.

The tasks to be addressed by the claimed device are to provide capabilities:

a) take the patient’s device in his hands in order to choose the optimal distance for his visual system in determining the length of the lines;

b) work with the device for patients with impaired fine motor skills of the hands;

C) the use of the device when conducting a neuropsychological examination of bedridden patients in a neurological clinic;

d) use of the device for self-study of patients in various conditions where there is no horizontal surface;

e) increasing the number of tasks that can be generated on the device for a single presentation to the patient;

f) ensuring a convenient and quick check (self-test) of the correctness of the assignment by a specialist or patient.

The technical result provided by the claimed utility model is to expand the functionality of the eye line, which provides: a) work on the perception of length during neuropsychological diagnosis and rehabilitation training with a wider group of patients in a neurological clinic (bedridden patients and patients with impaired fine motor skills); b) convenient and quick verification by a specialist or by the patient of the correctness of the assignment; c) conducting independent studies by patients to restore the perception of length in the absence of a horizontal table surface; g) a twofold increase in the number of tasks for the perception of length presented to the patient at a time.

This technical result is ensured by the fact that the device comprises a tubular body made of transparent plastic with a diameter of 25-50 mm and a length of 400-800 mm, on the back side of which an opaque coating of light color is applied, while the entire length of the tubular body is rigidly top and bottom two T-shaped guides are fixed, on each of which are installed with the possibility of moving two sliders of rectangular shape, made of light-colored plastic, while the edges of the tubular body of the device are rigidly fixed two round-shaped side covers are fastened, and a round separator plate made of light-colored plastic is rigidly fixed in the center of the tubular body, while a plastic plate with a length equal to the length of the tubular body of the device is mounted rotatably in the inner part of the device’s tubular body , and on one side of the plate there are two scales of the same size with millimeter bar-divisions and digital designation of centimeters, and on the right scale the numbers are located in direct order from the separator plate, and on the left scale, the numbers are in the opposite order, while on one side of the tubular body of the device, a round handle is mounted rotatably, connected by axial connection to the plate located inside the tubular body of the device.

The essence of the utility model "Device for neuropsychological diagnosis and restoration of length perception in patients of a neurological clinic" is illustrated by the drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 is a front view of a device during a patient’s task;

In FIG. 2 is a front view of the device during the verification of the patient’s task;

In FIG. 3 is a top view of the device.

The proposed device (Fig. 1-3) consists of a transparent plastic tubular body (1) with a diameter of 25-50 mm and a length of 400-800 mm, the front side of which is completely transparent, and the back side is coated on the outside with an opaque light color.

Two T-shaped guides (2) are rigidly fixed along the entire length of the tubular body (1) on the border between the transparent and opaque sides, two of which are mounted with the ability to move two rectangular-shaped sliders (3) made of light-colored plastic, two of which are located above and two others below the tubular body (1).

The T-shaped guide (2) is a dark-colored plastic profile having a thickness of 2-4 mm, a height and a width of 5-8 mm.

Inside each runner (3), a longitudinal T-shaped cut is made, the shape and size of which correspond to the shape and size of the T-shaped guides (2), which allows the runners (3) to move along the T-shaped guide (2) and protects them from the possibility of exit the connection with the device during the patient’s task.

On the edges of the tubular body (1) of the device, the round side covers (4) made of plastic are rigidly fixed, and the round separator plate (5) made of light-colored plastic is rigidly fixed to the center of the tubular body (1).

The dark T-shaped guide (2) also functions as a line, on the basis of which segments are formed, the length of which is determined by the patient during the examination or rehabilitation session. The boundaries of these segments is, on the one hand, a separator plate (5) having a light color, and on the other hand, a slider (3), also having a light color.

In the inner part of the tubular body (1) of the device by means of an axial connection (6), a plastic plate (7) is installed rotatably, the length of which is equal to the length of the tubular body (1) of the device, the width is 2-4 mm less than the inner diameter of the tubular body (1) ), and the thickness is 4-7 mm.

On the front side of the plate (7), two scales of the same size (8 and 9) are applied with millimeter bar-divisions and a numerical designation of centimeters. Moreover, on the right scale (9), the marking digits are located in direct order, and on the left scale (8), the marking digits are located in the reverse order from the separator plate (5). Zero division of the right scale (9) is located to the right of the right edge of the separator plate (5), and zero division of the left scale (8) is located to the left of the left edge of the separator plate (5). The back side of the plate (7) has a uniform color and does not contain any images.

A round handle (10) is mounted rotatably on the left or right side of the tubular body (1) of the device, which is connected through an axial connection (6) to the plate (7) and allows the plate (7) to rotate 180 degrees.

Due to the possibility of rotation of the plate (7) by 180 degrees, the side of the plate (7) containing the scales (8 and 9) can be turned towards the opaque part of the tubular body (1), as a result of which the scales (8 and 9) will be hidden.

Work with the "Device for neuropsychological diagnosis and restoration of length perception in patients of a neurological clinic" as follows:

Before conducting a study of the perception of length, a specialist by rotating the round handle (10) sets the plate (7) in a position where the scales (8 and 9) are turned to the opaque side of the tubular body (1) of the device. After that, the specialist installs the upper and lower runners (3) located on the left side of the tubular body (1) of the device at an arbitrary distance from the separator plate (5).

Further, the specialist transfers the device to the patient, who must install the sliders (3) located in another part of the tubular body (1) of the device in accordance with the location of the sliders specified by the specialist, that is, in such a way that the distance from the sliders installed by the patient (3) to the plate the separator (5) was identical to the distance from the separator plate (5) to the sliders (3) installed by a specialist.

After that, the specialist, by rotating the round knob (10), sets the plate (7) in a position so that the scales (8 and 9) become turned towards the transparent side of the tubular body (1) of the device and checks the patient’s task, comparing the position of the inner side of the runners with the divisions on scales (8 and 9) and fixing the results obtained in the neuropsychological protocol.

Further, the above cycle of actions is repeated with a slight difference, namely, that the specialist sets the sliders (3) to a new position, located not on the left but on the right side of the device in order to prevent the phenomenon of bias, which may occur due to the patient's asymmetry of perception or syndrome ignoring.

An important feature of the proposed device is that due to the presence of two sliders (3), it is possible to simultaneously conduct two measurements of patient perception of the line length.

The use of this device in the practice of rehabilitation training is similar to the use of the device during neuropsychological diagnostics.

The independent work of patients with this device is similar to its use during neuropsychological diagnostics and differs only in that the patient independently sets the sliders (3) on the left or right side of the device and independently checks himself.

Along with the use in clinical practice, the "Device for neuropsychological diagnosis and restoration of length perception in patients of a neurological clinic" can be used for other purposes, in particular when:

a) Vocational guidance, in order to identify people with the best ability to perceive length and distance;

b) Corrective developmental activities with children with spatial perception disorders;

c) Classes with healthy children in order to train the perception of length and distance;

d) Neurocognitive training with the elderly;

e) Neuropsychological training for healthy people who want to increase their ability to perceive length and distance.

Thus, the proposed device opens up opportunities for working on the perception of length during neuropsychological diagnostics and rehabilitation training with a wider contingent of patients in a neurological clinic (bedridden patients and patients with impaired fine motor skills), makes the study of length perception more convenient for the patient and specialist, expands the possibility of independent work of patients. Along with use in a neurological clinic, the proposed device can find application in various fields of practical psychology and medicine.

Claims (1)

A device for neuropsychological diagnosis and restoration of length perception in patients of a neurological clinic, characterized in that it contains a transparent plastic tubular body with a diameter of 25-50 mm and a length of 400-800 mm, the back side of which is coated with an opaque light color, all over two T-shaped guides are rigidly fixed to the length of the tubular casing above and below, on each of which are installed with the ability to move two rectangular slider made of plastic light color, while on the edges of the tubular body of the device two side covers of a round shape are rigidly fixed, and a round separator plate made of light plastic made of plastic of a light color is rigidly fixed to the center of the tubular body, while in the inner part of the tubular body of the device it is axially mounted rotation a plastic plate, the length of which is equal to the length of the tubular body of the device, and on one side of the plate are applied two scales of the same size with millimeter strokes by dividing and by the digital designation of centimeters, and on the right scale, the numbers are located in direct order from the separator plate, and on the left scale, the numbers are in the reverse order, while on one side of the tubular body of the device, a rotary knob connected by axial connection with a plate located inside the tubular body of the device.

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