RU166444U1 - MULTI-TUBE REACTOR FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A reactor for carrying out chemical reactions, including a housing consisting of many pipes, bent along the radius in the form of a spiral and combined from above into the mixer chamber and from below into a common chamber with an outlet for the exit of the finished product, and the required number of technological openings closed by a safety casing, on which heating elements are mounted, characterized in that the upper and lower chambers are toroidal in shape, and the mixer is located below in front of the entrance to the lower chamber. 2. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat exchanger is installed in the inner space of the reactor for preheating the reactants with reaction products.

Description

The utility model relates to chemical technology and can be used to conduct chemical reactions at supercritical parameters of the aquatic environment, i.e. at pressure and temperature above supercritical parameters of water.

A known reactor (RU 125490), comprising a housing and two process openings, for example, for input and output of reaction components, further comprises one or two openings for connecting various modules, for example, a pressure gauge or pump for supplying additional solvent or a pump for cooling the mixture or a special nozzle for the implementation of the RESS process. The design of the reactor does not allow the heating of the reactants in the flow mode to a supercritical state of the aqueous medium.

A known reactor (RU 157330), consisting of many pipes, combined from above into a mixer chamber and from below into a common chamber with an opening for the exit of the finished product; there is a pipe connecting the lower chamber to the heat exchanger and equipped with a metering valve; There are a number of technological holes for component input and sensor installation. In such a reactor, the design of the mixing chamber has certain limitations on the number of pipes due to the increase in dimensions and wall thickness.

The technical result of the utility model is the possibility of implementing a flow diagram of the process of chemical conversion of reagents at supercritical parameters of the aqueous medium at the same time as connecting other modules that supply the necessary reagents and carry out their preliminary heating.

The technical result is achieved in that the role of the reactor is performed by a plurality of heat-resistant steel pipes bent in a spiral and having a total surface area much larger than that of a cylindrical reactor of a similar volume, combined from above into a common chamber, which is a toroidal shape with many holes for installing sensors and for input and output of reaction components; from below the pipes are combined into a common chamber having a toroidal shape with many holes for installing sensors and for input and output of reaction components. The spirals from the pipes are wound in such a way that a certain space remains inside where the heat exchanger is placed, which has many openings for accommodating sensors and for input and output of reaction components. A protective casing is mounted on top of the spiral from the pipes on which the heating elements are mounted; the heating element is also installed on the lower chamber. The space between the pipes and the protective casing is filled with a heat-conducting inert heat-resistant material. The heating elements are covered by a layer of thermal insulation. There is a mixing chamber where the reagent and oxidizing agent enter.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the reactor, where: 1 - pipe supply of the reagent through the heat exchanger; 2 - pipe supply oxidizer; 3 - lower toroidal chamber; 4 - spiral tubes of the reactor; 5 - upper toroidal chamber; 6 - pipe outlet of the reaction products and the entrance to the chamber of the heat exchanger; 7 - the inner chamber of the heat exchanger; 8 - pipe discharge of reaction products; 9 - a protective casing of the reactor; 10 - heating elements; 11 - thermal insulation; 12 - pressure sensor in the reactor; 13 - temperature sensor of the upper chamber; 14 - temperature sensor of the lower chamber; 15 - pipe supply of reagents to the lower chamber; 16 - pipe supply of reagents to the upper chamber; 17 - ring heater of the lower chamber; 18 - mixer; 19 - reactor pipe; 20 - heat exchanger pressure sensor; 21 - heat exchanger temperature sensor; 22 - three-way valve; 23 - a layer of heat-conducting heat-resistant material; 24 - check valve; 25 - tap fine adjustment of pressure; 26 - emergency relief valve.

The device operates as follows: through the nozzle supply of the reagent (1) and the supply of oxidizer (2), which pass through the heat exchanger (7), the latter under pressure enter the mixer (18) and through the nozzle (15) the mixture enters the lower toroidal chamber (3) from where, by the plurality of reactor pipes (19) (only two pipes are conventionally shown in Fig. 1), they enter the spiral pipes of the reactor (4), where the mixture is heated with the help of heaters (10) and (17) to the required temperature and the necessary pressure is created under the conditions complete passage of the reaction. For many nozzles (16), the reaction products enter the upper toroidal chamber (5) from where, through the nozzle (6), they enter the heat exchanger (7). On the pipe (6) a fine pressure control valve (25) is installed with the help of which the necessary pressure in the multi-tube reactor is regulated. In the heat exchanger (7), the reagent and oxidizer are preheated, passing through the pipes, the gas-vapor mixture entering it from the reactor, which is discharged through the pipe (8) for further use and disposal. The process is monitored using the pressure sensor of the upper chamber (12), the temperature sensor of the upper chamber (13), the temperature sensor of the lower chamber (14), the pressure sensor of the heat exchanger (20) and the temperature sensor of the heat exchanger (21). If the pressure in the reactor exceeds the established norm, a check valve (24) is installed on the pipe (15), and an emergency relief valve (26) is installed on the pipe (6).

After the regents (oxidizing agent and organic substances) begin to interact in the reaction zone, the heating elements can be completely or partially turned off, and the reaction will be supported by the generated heat. If it is necessary to supply cold components to the reactor, this is done by switching three-way valves (22) and the reagents enter the mixer (18) bypassing the heat exchanger (7).

In this case, the mixture of processed substances is a suspension, or an emulsion, or a solution.

In addition, the oxidizing agent injected into the reactor is air, or hydrogen peroxide, or a mixture of air and hydrogen peroxide.

At the same time, several reactors operating in parallel are used to increase productivity.

In addition, the vapor-gas mixture formed in the reactor is discharged through the combined-cycle plant to produce electric and thermal energy.

The technical result consists in expanding the functionality of a known technical solution, increasing productivity and manufacturability, increasing the economic effect.

The objects of processing can be municipal, agricultural and other liquid effluents containing waste from the oil refining, chemical, pulp and paper, food, biological and pharmaceutical industries. The use of this method for the destruction of toxic waste, as well as for the processing of metal powders to obtain nanostructured metal oxides and hydroxides, is expected to be very promising.

Claims (2)

1. A reactor for carrying out chemical reactions, including a housing consisting of many pipes, bent along the radius in the form of a spiral and combined from above into the mixer chamber and from below into a common chamber with an outlet for the exit of the finished product, and the required number of technological openings closed by a safety casing, on which heating elements are mounted, characterized in that the upper and lower chambers are toroidal in shape, and the mixer is located at the bottom in front of the entrance to the lower chamber. 2. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat exchanger is installed in the inner space of the reactor for preheating the reactants with reaction products.

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