RU165779U1 - VEHICLE (STACKING CRANE) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A vehicle comprising a carrier part with vehicle controls and equipment installed thereon by fastening elements, drive elements of propulsion devices, auxiliary drive elements and power and control electronics elements, a top-level controller for controlling power flows and traction associated with the system vehicle control, and information display and the controller of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle, as well as system nodes Compulsory cooling of the above elements by an electric circuit for power consumers, characterized in that the auxiliary drive elements include electric drives of operating mechanisms installed by means of fasteners on board the vehicle, drive elements of propulsors are traction asynchronous electric AC machines, and power elements and control electronics are respectively electrically connected traction converters Indicators based on integrated intelligent IGBT modules, DC-DC converters of DC link to direct and alternating voltage stabilized and digital control systems based on controllers for vector control of asynchronous electric machines and control on-board consumers, and power electronics elements are made with the possibility of electrical connection with drive propulsion elements, auxiliary drive elements and on-board consumers

Description

Technical field

This utility model relates to a vehicle, mainly a rail vehicle (for example: a stacking crane or a track loader, a mobile laboratory), and can also apply to wheeled, tracked vehicles (for example: frontal loaders, multi-axle tractors, truck cranes, crane machines and many others).

State of the art

Many vehicles of this type, in particular rail, are equipped with a mechanical or hydromechanical transmission. Such transmissions, along with advantages, have a number of significant drawbacks, such as high complexity associated with insufficient reliability, low maintainability, lack of efficiency (efficiency), especially for mechanical transmissions, the presence of dangerous factors, such as high oil pressure (up to 400 atm.) .

The vehicle is known from the prior art (see, RU 2550408 C1, 05/10/2015) containing an electromechanical transmission, a mechatronic generator module connected to an internal combustion engine (ICE) for converting the mechanical energy of the engine into electrical energy. The transmission also contains traction mechatronic modules, the number of which is equal to the number of driving wheels or tracks of the self-propelled machine, connected by power buses to the generator mechatronic module and adapted to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy with the possibility of driving wheels or tracks of the left and right side of the self-propelled machine. The mechatronic traction modules, the operator panel and the transmission control are interconnected by a serial digital data bus.

Famous vehicles with electromechanical transmission have a number of advantages, such as good handling, ease of use, maintainability, etc. However, many of them use DC electric machines as traction and auxiliary electric motors. It is known (see for example: Bruskin D.E. et al. Electric machines and micromachines: Textbook for electrical engineering. Special universities. M: Higher school, 1990, pp. 399-400 or Romanov A.V. Electric drive: Course Voronezh: Voronezh State Technical University, 2006, pp. 28-29) that such electric machines are relatively unreliable and the least reliable element is the brush-collector assembly. This problem leads to the fact that in many applications such electric machines tend to be replaced by more reliable AC machines, the most reliable of which is an asynchronous squirrel-cage machine. The current level of development of electrical engineering, power and control electronics allows you to create traction and auxiliary electric drives of vehicles based on asynchronous machines with a squirrel-cage rotor, with high efficiency (efficiency), reliability, maintainability, controllability.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical result, which the proposed technical solution is aimed at, is to increase the efficiency (Efficiency) of the electromechanical drive of the vehicle while improving its reliability.

The claimed technical result is achieved by creating a vehicle containing a bearing part with vehicle controls and equipment installed on it by means of fastening elements, drive elements of propulsion devices, auxiliary drive elements and elements of power and control electronics, a top level controller for controlling power flows and traction associated with a vehicle control and information display system and an internal engine controller vehicle combustion, as well as components of the forced cooling system of the above elements, an electric circuit for power consumers, characterized in that the auxiliary drive elements include electric drives of operating mechanisms installed by fasteners on board the vehicle, the drive elements of the propulsors are asynchronous traction AC electric machines, and the elements of power and control electronics represent These are respectively electrically connected traction converters based on integrated intelligent IGBT modules, DC-DC converters of the DC link into direct and alternating voltage stabilized, and digital control systems based on controllers for vector control of asynchronous electric machines and on-board consumer control, and the elements of power electronics are made with the possibility of electrical connection with the drive elements of the propulsion, auxiliary integral drive elements and on-board consumers of electricity and with the possibility of transmitting control and information electrical signals between them.

In one embodiment, the drive elements of the operating mechanisms are asynchronous electrical AC machines.

In another embodiment, the electric power supply circuit of the electric power consumers comprises an electric energy storage device.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows the general architecture of an electromechanical drive of a vehicle in an embodiment with an electric energy storage device.

Utility Model Implementation

In the example of the implementation of the claimed vehicle (stacking crane), a set of traction and power equipment (KTEO) of an electromechanical transmission of alternating alternating current, which includes:

- traction asynchronous generator (TAG) of alternating current (1);

- four traction asynchronous electric motors (TAD) (2);

- power electronics units (TSB) with power converters of the joint venture for supplying TAGs (3) and TADs (4) and controllers of power converters (KSP);

- converters of direct current voltage into stabilized direct and alternating voltage for supplying on-board and external consumers (5);

- a top-level controller (HLC) (6) for controlling power flows and traction associated with a control and information display system, with PCB units 3 and 4, voltage converters 5 and with a crane control panel (PUKr) (7) designed to control drives lifting (8) and moving (9) the traverse of the crane;

- a set of TSB cooling system (10).

- buffer storage (BN) of energy based on supercapacitors (11).

The above elements are installed and fixed relative to the bearing part of the vehicle.

In the specified KTEO used liquid cooling system TSB.

A feature of the stacking crane is the presence of a control system (SU) by the working bodies (mechanisms) installed on the vehicle. SU is implemented on crane electric drives based on asynchronous motors, vector-controlled power converters.

The crane control system includes: power converters, line reactors, a temperature control system for motors and power converters, switching start-up equipment, brake resistors, and a remote control.

SU crane excludes:

- spontaneous start of electric motors after voltage recovery in the crane supply network;

- start of electric motors according to an abnormal scheme;

- starting electric motors with contacts of safety devices (contacts of limit switches and interlocking devices).

It provides the following types of protection:

- protection against cargo fall in the event of a break in any of the three phases of the power supply network;

- protection against overheating of motors and converters.

It provides:

- work with asynchronous crane motors;

- ensuring smooth acceleration / braking, lifting / lowering and moving the cart;

- setting the acceleration / deceleration time;

- applying the brake when the engine is stopped;

- emergency stop (instant brake application);

- automatic stop of the load-gripping body in extreme positions (in the presence of limit switches).

The drive of the vehicle in conjunction with the internal combustion engine provides traction modes of operation (forward and reverse),

The drive of the vehicle is configured to provide:

- protection in emergency conditions (overheating of the joint venture, TAG and TAD windings and bearings; deterioration of insulation of live parts; overload on current, voltage),

- diagnostics of the components of the traction drive of the crane;

- viewing, analysis, control and programming of the drive parameters as a whole by working with an external PC, hardware and software coupled with a HLC and implementing the functions of a service computing system (SHS).

The drive additionally provides the following features:

- the use of full thrust ICE for traction;

- stabilization of the current value of the speed of the crane during traction.

The features of the proposed utility model are:

- the possibility of separate and joint control of the internal combustion engine,

- the use of multi-engine traction electric drive based on highly efficient asynchronous electric machines,

- the use of asynchronous electric auxiliary systems of the vehicle,

the use of digital control systems for traction and auxiliary equipment,

- the use of modern modular electronic components of the power (integrated intelligent IGBT-modules) and control electronics of the electric drive in conjunction with the modern vector control system of the electric drive.

Compared with the known constructions of special vehicles (for example, the well-known stacking cranes of the UK series), the use of the proposed drive made it possible to obtain several advantages.

In the well-known model of a laying crane (UK-25/25) with two internal combustion engines and two synchronous generators, internal combustion engines are forced to operate at a constant frequency (1500 rpm), at which not full power is removed from them and at which fuel consumption is not minimized.

In contrast, the proposed model uses two ICEs that can work both separately and together. When using TAG, optimal control of the internal combustion engine in the maximum fuel efficiency mode is ensured in all crane operation modes and the power delivered to the internal combustion engine is increased by 20%.

The features of the utility model in this case, in comparison with the usual version of such a crane, provide an increase in the efficiency (operational efficiency) of ICEs with an increase in their efficiency due to the possibility of the crane working at a stop from only one ICE operating in the maximum fuel efficiency mode when controlling all HVAC control devices (ICE) and joint venture of electric machines).

An asynchronous electric drive is characterized by efficient conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy, which in turn has made it possible to increase the efficiency of energy transfer from a primary source (ICE) to propulsors.

The electric drive ensured a reduction in fuel consumption per unit of work performed, due to more efficient and stepless speed regulation of traction asynchronous electric vehicles of the vehicle (in contrast to step-by-step speed regulation in conventional vehicles, in which the internal combustion engine often operates in a mode that is not optimal in terms of fuel consumption).

The use of an asynchronous electric drive made it possible to exclude complex components and assemblies from the vehicle’s transmission (mechanical and hydraulic transmissions and their controls), which significantly increased the reliability of the traction drive.

The advantage in the efficiency (efficiency) of the crane hoisting and moving drives is achieved by the implementation of vector control of electric drives, which is much more economical than simple contactor control and allows you to precisely adapt the power consumed by the crane drives to your needs (whereas with contactor control the drive power is not regulated and is determined only by motor parameters and onboard power network).

The features of the proposed crane also provide increased efficiency of traction equipment due to compression braking of the internal combustion engine, which is implemented by means of the joint venture TAG.

The proposed utility model improves the reliability of both traction electrical equipment and the operating mechanism (crane) due to the presence of several primary sources of electric energy (ICE) and the possibility of implementing high-speed protection of crane drives based on SU.

The use of asynchronous electric machines as crane drives made it possible to exclude starting currents of working crane electric drives several times higher than the rated currents, which negatively affect both the drives themselves and the rest of the electrical equipment, in particular ICE, which favorably affects the reliability of the system as a whole and the increase its efficiency.

An increase in the reliability and high efficiency of working electric drives is achieved by improving the mechanical mode (smooth change in the consumed currents ensures smooth starts-stops, changes in torque on the shaft, elimination of sudden changes in torque that adversely affect bearings, shafts, seals, mechanical drives of winches, etc. etc.) and due to the improvement of the thermal regime (the exclusion of inrush currents leads to less overheating of the electrical equipment, an increase in the insulation resource, etc.).

In addition, the advantage in reliability and efficiency is obtained due to the fact that asynchronous electric machines have a longer resource in comparison with mechanical transmissions and DC electric machines, and are also easy to maintain. The electric drive allowed to reduce the dynamic loads on the nodes of the crane as a whole and the internal combustion engine in particular due to the possibility of smooth regulation of its moment.

The multi-engine system provides a more efficient distribution of traction moment along the axes. It allows to eliminate slipping, to increase the efficiency of energy expenditure in the modes when torque redistribution and / or its regulation is required, for example, when cornering, braking.

The use of a multi-engine (distributed) traction drive system (individual drive to each drive axle of the vehicle) also increases the reliability of the entire system as a whole in the event of failure of one or more traction engines.

Due to the use of an electric drive of auxiliary systems (electric drive of working mechanisms), it was possible to obtain a higher efficiency than with mechanical (hydromechanical) transmission, and, accordingly, increase the efficiency of energy conversion for auxiliary systems.

The electric drive of the auxiliary systems of the vehicle eliminates less reliable mechanical (hydromechanical) transmissions (for example: belt, chain transmissions, as well as fluid couplings, etc.), which increases the efficiency and reliability of these systems.

The use of digital control systems made it possible to implement effective control algorithms, which in turn increased the efficiency of the drive as a whole, and also made it possible to implement self-diagnosis modes for all drive elements in order to prevent their failure, as well as control over scheduled and preventive work on all systems.

The use of modern modular electronic components of the power (IGBT) and control electronics of the electric drive in combination with a modern vector control system made it possible to increase the efficiency (efficiency) of the drive due to:

- improving the speed of the control system of traction and auxiliary drives, which as quickly as possible adapts their power consumption to the requirements of the load (operator commands), thereby reducing losses during regulation, when switching to idle, etc.,

- reduce losses in the power switches of the joint venture, increase the efficiency of the cooling system and other auxiliary systems,

- optimization of the entire system for current (power) consumption. Application of these components and vector drive control

also allowed to increase the reliability and maintainability of the entire drive system as a whole due to:

- modularity of execution of components of the electric drive and control system,

- the presence in the integrated intelligent IGBT modules of built-in systems for protecting and suppressing hazardous short-circuit (through currents), overvoltage, interference, etc.,

- Realization of the functions for analyzing the parameters of the traction and auxiliary drive in real time with the possibility of high-speed protection (the response of vector control systems is higher than that of traditional frequency control systems and others).

In an embodiment of a vehicle with KTEO, an electric energy storage device may be included in the electric power supply circuit of the drive. This drive can be made, for example, based on supercapacitors.

The specified drive allows you to save the recovered energy, for its subsequent use for other useful work. Thus, the efficiency of the drive as a whole is increased, and fuel economy during engine operation is up to 30%.

The presence of energy storage allows you to store in it the braking energy of the vehicle while driving, for its subsequent use in the following cycles of starting and acceleration, which provides additional fuel savings and increased drive efficiency.

Due to the cyclic operation mode of the crane, this drive also allows you to save the recovered energy of lowering the beam with the load, for its subsequent use when lifting the load or for other useful work. In this case, it is possible to carry out part of the operations with the ICE and TAG completely switched off, for example, if the crosshead rises without load. Thus, the efficiency of the crane as a whole is increased, and fuel savings during crane operation are up to 30% compared with the existing crane.

The presence of an energy storage device allows it to smooth out overvoltages that may occur in the vehicle’s on-board network, including when lowering the load (all electric machines go into power generation mode), which improves the reliability of all SPs associated with the DC link and drive motors crane.

It should be noted that all of the listed vehicle control elements, as well as drive and power electronics, are mounted on the supporting part of the vehicle, which together makes up a single product, the elements of which are in a constructive and functional relationship.

Claims (3)

1. A vehicle comprising a carrier part with vehicle controls and equipment installed thereon by fastening elements, drive elements of propulsion devices, auxiliary drive elements and power and control electronics elements, a top-level controller for controlling power flows and traction associated with the system vehicle control, and information display and the controller of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle, as well as system nodes Compulsory cooling of the above elements by an electric circuit for power consumers, characterized in that the auxiliary drive elements include electric drives of operating mechanisms installed by means of fasteners on board the vehicle, drive elements of propulsors are traction asynchronous electric AC machines, and power elements and control electronics are respectively electrically connected traction converters Indicators based on integrated intelligent IGBT modules, DC-DC converters of DC link to direct and alternating voltage stabilized, and digital control systems based on controllers for vector control of asynchronous electric machines and control on-board consumers, and power electronics elements are made with the possibility of electrical connection with drive propulsion elements, auxiliary drive elements and on-board electrical consumers energy and with the possibility of transmitting control and information electrical signals between them. 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive elements of the working mechanisms are asynchronous electric AC machines. 3. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical circuit for supplying electricity consumers contains an electric energy storage device.

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