RU164143U1 - TWO MEDIUM UNMANNED AIRCRAFT - Google Patents

Abstract

A two-medium unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising: a supporting frame and three screw-in-a-ring systems rigidly fixed at the vertices of an imaginary equilateral triangle, equipped with electric motors with two coaxially opposed rotor propellers installed in them and electronic speed control connected to the battery, characterized in that the supporting systems "screw in the ring" are made rotatable, the body is sealed waterproof with two shortened wings with floats and keel, the shell is mounted floodlight within the housing along the longitudinal axis rigidly fixed immersion system and surfacing.

Description

The utility model relates to aviation technology, namely to unmanned aerial vehicles, which can be used for real-time photo and video reconnaissance in autonomous and controlled flight, both in air and under water.

Known modular unmanned aerial vehicle for submarines (Patent RU No. 150809, IPC ВСС 39/02, published 02.27.2015), consisting of a hull, a main rotor with blades, a power and auxiliary engine, and the hull consists of a bow, a central and a tail . The engine is located in the central part, and the blades in the bow. The auxiliary engine is located in the bow, and the central part is made with the possibility of slow rotation and contains interchangeable target load modules. The mass and dimensions of the UAV ensure its use from standard vertical missile silos of submarines. The auxiliary engine is used to ascend and climb to the initial height, then the power engine is turned on. To power and hold the UAV, a cable cable is used, after completing the tasks, the UAV is returned to the submarine using a cable cable.

The main disadvantage of a modular aircraft for submarines is that the power engine does not provide sufficient maneuverability, and the climb depends on the length of the cable-cable. Possible loss of UAV in the event of an emergency.

The closest technical solution that can be taken as a prototype is a multi-purpose unmanned aerial vehicle of vertical take-off and landing (Patent RU No. 157424, IPC B64C 39/02, B64C 27/08 published December 10, 2015), containing a supporting frame and three screw-in-a-ring systems rigidly fixed at the vertices of an imaginary equilateral triangle, equipped with electric motors with two coaxial rotor propellers of opposite rotation installed in them and electronic speed control connected with battery.

The main disadvantage of this multi-purpose aircraft is that this design does not provide high maneuverability and controllability of the movement, and the lack of a sealed hull does not allow monitoring in the aquatic environment.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to ensure high controllability and maneuverability, as well as the ability to conduct reconnaissance of air and water in real time; search and rescue operations; inspection of potentially dangerous objects, without risk to human life; inspection and inspection of underwater objects.

The technical result of the utility model is achieved in that a two-medium UAV containing: a supporting frame and three screw-in-ring systems rigidly fixed at the vertices of an imaginary equilateral triangle, equipped with electric motors with two coaxially opposed rotational propellers installed in them and electronically controlled speed, connected with battery, characterized in that the screw-in-ring bearing systems are rotatable, the housing is sealed, waterproof, with two chennymi wings with floats and the keel, the shell is mounted spotlight, and the two-media system UAV is equipped with immersion and emersion, placed in the body.

These features, in comparison with the known ones, provide high maneuverability, controllability and the ability to perform two-task tasks for monitoring the situation, both in underwater and in the air.

Therefore, the claimed utility model meets the requirements of novelty.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, which shows the position of the UAV elements during vertical take-off, when moving in air and when moving in water:

- FIG. 1 is a general layout diagram of a two-medium UAV;

- FIG. 2 - general view of a two-medium UAV during movement in the air (vertical take-off and landing);

- FIG. 3 is a general view of a two-medium UAV during movement in the air;

- FIG. 4 - the position of the elements of a two-medium UAV during vertical movement in air and water;

- FIG. 5 - the position of the elements of a two-medium UAV with horizontal movement in the air;

- FIG. 6 - the position of the elements of the two-medium UAV when moving in the aquatic environment;

- FIG. 7 - examples of remote control two-medium UAV.

A two-medium unmanned aerial vehicle consists of a supporting frame 1 of a cruciform shape, with three rotary screw-in-ring rotary systems 2 and 3 fixed to it, in which two electric motors 4 each have rotors 5 of opposite rotation with electronic speed control.

The rotation of the screw-in-ring bearing systems is carried out by electric motors 6 when changing the flight mode of a two-medium UAV. On the frame 1, a control system 7 is installed consisting of a route computing device associated with GLONASS, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a digital processor, sensors for transmitting photo and video data, a radio transmitter, a radio receiver for control commands, as well as a transmitter for service (telemetric) information, a spotlight 8, pump 9, compressor 10. The frame 1 is placed in a double waterproof housing 11 made of durable carbon fiber, equipped with a keel 12 in which the main ballast 13 is located, a cylinder with compressed air 14, Apan 15 and two shortened wings 16 of an aircraft form with floats 17 which include a hydro-pneumatic accumulator 18, which consists of a tank filled with oil 19, a cylinder 20 separated by a membrane 21 and a valve 22. The housing 11 is made with smooth hydrodynamic and aerodynamic streamlined contours for the best movement with the least resistance in two environments, able to withstand shock from falling and water pressure at depth. In the tail rotary part of the housing 11, a screw-in-ring system 3 is installed, which serves to provide additional lifting force during vertical lifting in an aqueous or air environment and for turns when moving in an aqueous medium. In the rotary part of the wings are two screw-in-a-ring systems 2 for creating lifting force during vertical lifting and aerodynamic traction during horizontal movement in an aqueous or air environment. In the bow of the housing is a spotlight 8.

Kiel 12, located in the bottom of the And housing, helps to glide smoothly on water, it is also the main ballast and serves to change the dipole of the two-medium UAV. The volume of the keel 12 is filled with water for immersion and blown with compressed air when the two-medium UAV emerges through special valves 15.

The float 17 is arranged in the form of a hydraulic accumulator 18 and is a cylinder 20 divided by a membrane 21 in half. When pumping oil 19 (comparable in density to water) through valve 22, it presses on the membrane 21, the air becomes heavier, and the two-medium UAV is immersed.

The power is supplied by a lithium-polymer battery with a capacity of 8 Ah, which makes it possible to reach the elevation of a two-medium UAV several hundred meters, change the location of a two-medium UAV in the air, conduct photo and video data transmission, immerse and ascend to inspect underwater objects.

In the event of a non-standard situation, a two-medium UAV is able to drift before receiving a control command; after a task is completed, a two-medium UAV is returned to the starting point.

Two-medium unmanned aerial vehicle vertical takeoff and landing operates as follows.

When giving a command to start a two-medium UAV, the power is supplied to the electric motors 4 of the three screw-in-ring systems 2 and 3, while all three screw-in-ring systems are in a horizontal position, the air flow generated from the rotation of the screws creates a lifting aerodynamic force . Raising and lowering a two-medium UAV in a vertical plane is carried out by a synchronous change in the speed of rotation of the electric motors 4, horizontal movement is due to the difference in the reactive moments of the rotors 5, which are untwisted in different directions, each of the rotors 5 is driven by a brushless DC motor 4.

When taking off from a land or water surface, the device rests on the keel 12 and floats 17, the screw-in-ring systems 2, 3 are in a horizontal position, the center of gravity of the device is on the vertical axis OY. When the propellers 5 of the screw-in-a-ring systems 2, 3 rotate, a lifting force is created, when the lifting force is equal to the mass of the apparatus, it takes off. The apparatus adjusts for pitch and yaw relative to the OZ axis according to the signal from the sensors by changing the rotational speed of the rotors 5 by changing the rotation of the corresponding electric motors 4 located in the screw-in-ring systems 2, 3.

When moving from vertical to horizontal movement, the rotary screw and ring systems 2 installed in the wings are rotated 90 ° using electric motors 6, the annular channel surrounding the screw maximizes aerodynamic efficiency and ensures operational safety.

To control the pitch and yaw during horizontal flight in air, the rotary screw-in-ring 3 system located in the tail remains in a horizontal position.

For control in the aquatic environment, the rotary screw-in-ring system 3 rotates 90 °.

If immersion is necessary, the control system gives a command for immersion, while the valve on the bottom of the keel 12 is opened and its volume is filled with the required amount of water, depending on the immersion depth. Having plunged to the specified depth, the rotary systems “screw in the ring” 2 and “screw in the ring” 3 rotate 90 ° and the two-medium UAV moves along a given trajectory at a given speed or according to received commands from the control system via radio communication channels in real time. During movement, a two-medium UAV is in video mode using a radio transmitter. If it is necessary to ascend, the control system issues an ascent command, while using the compressor 10, the volume of the keel 12 is blown through the valve 15 and the two-medium UAV pops up.

If you need a long and secretive stay on the route under water, you can use the system installed in the floats 17 working on the principle of "gliders". This mode is the most economical, since electricity is only used to switch valves 15, 22 and pump 9, most of the time a two-medium UAV glides or glides due to a change in its buoyancy. The buoyancy is changed by pumping the oil 19 from the inner chamber to the outer one and vice versa to sink, the oil is pumped from the outer volume to the inner one and vice versa. Raising, lowering, horizontal movement are provided by the wings of a two-medium UAV, the rotations of the screw-in-ring system 3 are turned vertically. In the “glider” mode, a two-medium UAV can be used as a carrier of various weapons, since in this mode it moves almost silently and spends a minimum amount of energy. Navigation is carried out through a control system over radio channels using the GLONASS system using a control panel, like a radio-controlled model.

The development and achievements in microtechnologies allow us to technologically implement a real two-medium UAV.

An important advantage of a two-medium UAV is the lack of need for maintenance. The dimensions of a two-medium UAV are commensurate with the sizes of fish, birds, and sonar equipment do not respond to it. A two-medium UAV is capable of independently adjusting its buoyancy, determining its location, and in a stand-alone mode, according to a given program, perform a task and transmit data in real time.

Claims (1)

A two-medium unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising: a supporting frame and three screw-in-a-ring systems rigidly fixed at the vertices of an imaginary equilateral triangle, equipped with electric motors with two coaxially opposed rotor propellers installed in them and electronic speed control connected to the battery, characterized in that the screw-in-ring bearing systems are rotatable, the housing is sealed, waterproof with two shortened wings with floats and keel, the shell is mounted floodlight within the housing along the longitudinal axis rigidly fixed immersion system and surfacing.

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