RU163834U1 - SENSOR SENSOR - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The device of the sensor element of the motion characteristics of the studied object associated with its rotation or rotation, including the main inductor, characterized in that such a coil when oriented to electrical inertia phenomena is made with the possibility of its rigid attachment to the said object so that it is accurate repeated his movements. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the main coil is closed to a capacitor, from which an electrical signal is removed, depending on the characteristics mentioned. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the main coil is closed on itself, and the main coil is located on the core, on which there is an additional coil, from which an electrical signal is removed, depending on the mentioned characteristics. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the last coil of the coil is connected to its first coil by means of an article made of a material with free charge carriers. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the last coil of the coil is connected to its first coil through an electrical circuit.

Description

The following concepts are used in the material presented:

- signals - analog or discrete (in the case of periodic external excitation of the device) parameters of physical processes occurring in the main and / or additional coils, as well as in the nodes and / or elements of electrical circuits, which change in accordance with a change in the characteristics mentioned below;

- a sensitive element of the sensor - consisting primarily of the minimum required number of conversion units of the measured quantity (see the characteristics mentioned below), an independent structurally autonomous contact (coming into contact with the studied object) means that converts the measured quantity into an electrical signal that is a function of it, which can be isolated from interference, amplified, measured, transmitted, converted, registered, saved.

The utility model relates to measuring technique and can be used to determine such characteristics of the movement of objects as angular velocity and acceleration and / or parameters of rotational vibrations - frequency, amplitude, torsional vibrations, etc., which are associated with rotation or rotation.

Known (utility model of the Russian Federation No. 58333) is an accelerometer comprising a main inductor with a core made of ferromagnetic material.

The disadvantage of such an accelerometer is the use of moving parts or assemblies in it, which reduces the reliability of its operation.

Well-known electrical inertial experiments of L. Mandelstam and N. Papaleksi (1912), as well as T. Stuart and R. Tolman (1916), confirming, in particular, the possibility of motion of free charge carriers relative to the body in which they are located under accelerated motion of the latter .

The technical result from the use of the presented utility model is to increase the reliability of the accelerometer of acceptable size and mass (from the point of view of practical application, for example, in unmanned and manned aircraft, ground and floating, etc.) by eliminating moving parts or assemblies from it.

This result is achieved due to the orientation on the inertial motion relative to the moving free charge carriers located in it moving with acceleration.

The presented utility model, as well as the prototype, involves the use of a main inductor with a core made of ferromagnetic material. Moreover, it is focused on the use of the following main distinguishing features:

- the main coil or core with which such a coil is rigidly connected, have fasteners and / or nodes for rigidly fastening them to either an object, the characteristics of which are to be determined, or to the housing or to the base, or to some sensor structural element that is supposed to be rigidly attached to such an object so that the main coil repeats all the movements of the latter;

- the main coil is made in the form of a single or multi-layer winding with a constant or “progressive” step from an insulated single or multi-core conductor, while at least part of the coil turns are screw or helical with an allowable deviation in the shape of each coil ( in the projection of the coil onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of the winding) from the circle ± 10% of the average diameter of this coil;

- the axis of the main coil is the axis relative to which the mentioned characteristics are considered;

- the main coil is closed (directly or through an electric circuit) to a capacitor, from which an electrical signal, depending on the mentioned characteristics, is removed, or to itself directly when its last turn is connected to the first, using a product from a material with free charge carriers, in in this case, at least one additional coil is placed on the said core, with which the mentioned electrical signal is removed, or through the electrical circuit of the circuit, electrically connecting the last the current of the coil with its first turn, while the said electrical signal is removed either from such a circuit or from its element / fragment, or again from an additional coil.

The utility model also provides for the use of a number of particular distinguishing features:

- the number of turns of the main coil is more than 100;

- the main coil is rigidly attached to the core;

- the main coil is wound on a dielectric frame of circular cross section, which is rigidly attached to the core;

- the main coil is multi-sectional;

- winding of the main coil is made ordinary;

- the core is made of ferrite, for example, of electrical steel or permalloy;

- the core is made ferrodielectric;

- the core is made in a cup-shaped or "P" -shaped, or "Sh" -shaped;

- the core is closed;

- the oscillatory circuit formed by the coil with the said capacitor has a low quality factor;

- the main coil with the core is enclosed in electric and / or magnetic screens, and / or thermal insulation;

- the axis of the primary and secondary coils do not match;

- the axis of the primary and secondary coils are orthogonal;

- an additional coil is wound on a square or rectangular frame;

- the device includes two additional coils, and the direction of winding for such coils is different;

- the electrical circuit is made on the basis of the optocoupler, while the circuit of the coil itself is carried out using a photodiode operating in the photovoltaic mode;

- the electrical circuit of the closure is based on a pair of optocouplers, while the closure of the coil itself is carried out using a pair of photodiodes operating in the photovoltaic mode, which are directly or through electrical circuits connected by anodes to the cathodes of each other and are made with the possibility of independent activation;

- the primary and secondary coils are multilayer, and their external terminals are grounded;

- the device includes an electric temperature sensor;

- various parts of the main coil are wound from wires made of various materials having different temperature coefficients of resistance;

- the main and / or additional coil is wound using wires, including copper and / or silver, and / or manganin;

- the device includes an auxiliary coil mounted on a core common with the main coil, which is designed to excite current in the main coil.

The utility model is illustrated by two FIGS.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows the simplest sensing element of an accelerometer and a passive band-pass filter, which makes it possible to obtain a stable electric signal depending on the angular acceleration of the main coil or on the parameters of its rotational vibration.

In FIG. 2 shows the sensor element of the accelerometer, involving the use of an additional coil.

FIG. 1 is provided to enable confirmation of the industrial applicability of the utility model.

FIG. 2 is shown to illustrate the possible mutual arrangement of the primary and secondary coils.

In FIG. The following notation is accepted:

1 - grounded electrical and / or magnetic screens and / or thermal insulation;

2 - internal output of the main - measuring - coil (from the first turn), connected to a passive filter of the first stage of the active band-pass filter, assembled on the basis of a pair of operational amplifiers;

3 - the main multilayer coil (wound in several turns along the axis - not flat);

4 - a closed ferrite core made up of a pair of cup-shaped halves;

5 - grounded external output of the main coil - from its last turn;

6 - the exit point of the grounded external output of the auxiliary coil;

7 - an additional coil, wound clockwise, connected to the preamplifier;

8 - exit point of the internal output of the coil connected to the preamplifier;

9 - a closed ferrite core made up of a pair of "W" -shaped halves;

10 - main coil closed to itself through an electrical circuit;

11 - electric circuit of the circuit of the main coil to itself, connecting the external and internal conclusions of the coil (its first turn with the last);

12 - additional coil, wound counterclockwise, connected to the preamplifier;

A - place to connect the feedback of the active filter;

B - connection point of the second stage of the filter;

C is the connection point of the passive or active preamplifier filter (for example, a non-inverting input);

D is the connection point of the passive or active preamplifier filter (for example, an inverting input);

m ₁ - the direction of winding the coil clockwise;

m ₂ - winding direction of the coil counterclockwise;

V ⁺ - the place where the “+” power supply is connected (for example, +12 V relative to the ground), it can also be the place where the signal wire of the generator is connected;

V ^- - the place where the “-” power supply is connected (for example, -12 V relative to the ground), it can also be the place where the generator is connected to the ground;

w is the angular velocity (or direction of rotation, swing);

o and oo are the axis of the coil, the axis of rotation of the object, the angular acceleration or vibration parameters of which are to be determined;

20 k and 24 k are the resistance values of the passive filter resistors, respectively 20 and 24 kOhm;

10.0 and 2.5 are the capacitance ratings of the passive filter capacitors, respectively 10 and 2.5 μF;

“+” - non-inverting input of the operational amplifier;

“-” - inverting input of the operational amplifier.

The presented utility model can be implemented as follows.

It should include a main inductor 3 (Fig. 1) 10 (Fig. 2) with a core of ferromagnetic material 4 (Fig. 1) 9 (Fig. 2).

In this case, such a coil or core, with which it is rigidly connected, must have fastening nodes for rigidly fastening them to the object, the mentioned characteristics of which are to be determined.

In another embodiment, the main coil or core must have fastening nodes for rigidly fastening them to the housing or to the base, or to some structural element of the sensor, which is supposed to be rigidly attached to such an object.

In other words, the main coil must be made with the possibility of its rigid attachment to the studied object so that it exactly repeats the fate of such an object (in terms of movement).

As fasteners and / or nodes, surfaces, protrusions, grooves, holes, selections, studs, the body, embedded elements of the body, guides, for example, such as a dovetail, bushings, clamps, etc., etc. can be used.

So, for example, the main coil with the core can be filled with a compound in the sensor case, in this case the fastening elements will be the outer surface of the coil and core, stiffeners, etc.

In principle, double-sided tape can be used as a fastener.

In FIG. 1, an opening in the central part of the core acts as such a node.

The main coil can be made in the form of a single or multi-layer winding with a constant or “progressive” step from an insulated single or multi-strand wire, however, the turns of such a coil must be made screw or helical with a permissible deviation of the shape of each turn from the circle ± 10% of average diameter of a turn.

In the best case, less than ± 0.1%.

In this case, the axis of the main coil will be the axis relative to which the mentioned characteristics are correctly considered.

The main coil must be shorted to a capacitor from which an electrical signal is detected, depending on the characteristics mentioned.

In another embodiment, the main coil must be closed directly to itself when its last turn is connected to the first with the help of a product from a material with free charge carriers, in which case at least one additional coil 7 or 12 with which and remove said electrical signal.

In another embodiment, the main coil must be closed to itself through an electrical circuit 11, electrically connecting the last turn of the coil with its first turn, while the said electrical signal can be removed either from such a circuit or from its element / fragment, or again with an additional coil mounted on a core common to the main coil.

The number of turns n of the main coil must be greater than 100.

A good result is achieved with n lying in the range from 500 to 1500.

Preferably, the main coil should be rigidly attached to the core.

The main coil can be wound on a dielectric frame of circular cross section, which can be rigidly attached, for example, glued to the core.

The main coil can be multi-sectional.

The winding of the main coil can be made ordinary.

The core can be made of ferrite, for example, of electrical steel or permalloy.

Also, the core can be made ferrodielectric.

The core is made cup-shaped or "P" -shaped, or "Sh" -shaped.

The core is closed.

The first positive experiments were obtained using a pair of M3000NMS PK40 × 18 cores and a TVS-110L1 high-voltage coil connected in accordance with the circuit shown in FIG. 1. A quick result from the point of view of tuning the circuit can be obtained by examining the response of such a coil to rotational vibration. Even with orientation to the simplest measuring circuit, you can quickly make sure that there is a reproducible relationship between the frequency, amplitude and profile of the signal taken from the coil from the frequency and profile of rotational vibration.

A better result was obtained using a pair of B66358-G500-X187 cores and a single-layer coil of thin wire with approximately 1300 turns.

After adjusting the active filter, built on the basis of a pair of operational amplifiers with a polar input, it became possible to use open cores and coils with a significantly smaller (up to about 50) number of turns.

The oscillating circuit formed by a coil with said capacitor may have a low Q factor, consistent with the range of variation of these characteristics, for example, with the frequency range of the vibration being monitored.

The core core coil may be enclosed in electrical and / or magnetic screens and / or thermal insulation.

In the course of laboratory studies, such a conclusion was tested, however, it is not required to confirm industrial applicability.

The axes of the primary and secondary coils must not coincide.

A good result is achieved when they are orthogonal.

This can be easily verified using a “G” -shaped core instead of a “P” -shaped.

An additional coil must be wound around a square or rectangular frame.

The device may include two additional coils, it is preferable that the winding directions of such coils are different.

The electrical circuit can be made on the basis of an optocoupler. In this case, the coil can be shorted to itself using a photodiode operating in the photovoltaic mode. So, for example, the cathode of such a photodiode can be connected to the internal output of the main coil, while the anode to the external. When a voltage pulse is applied to the optocoupler in the coil, a current pulse will be initiated, the change in time of the parameters of which will depend, inter alia, on the electrical inertia phenomena, and therefore, by such a change it will be possible to judge the mentioned characteristics.

The electrical circuit of the closure can be performed on the basis of a pair of optocouplers, while the closure of the coil itself can be carried out using a pair of photodiodes operating in the photovoltaic mode, which are directly or through electrical circuits connected by anodes to the cathodes of each other and are made with the possibility of independent activation, so that initiate multidirectional currents in the main coil.

The external terminals of the primary or secondary coils may be grounded.

The device may include an electric temperature sensor. At the same time, it can be calibrated for various temperatures, while information on the calibration results can be stored in the memory of the accelerometer and used by the microprocessor of the latter to adjust the estimates of the mentioned characteristics issued by the measuring circuit.

In order to reduce the effect on temperature of the accelerometer, various parts of the main coil can be wound from wires made of various materials having different temperature coefficients of resistance.

The primary and / or secondary coils are wound using wires including copper and / or silver and / or manganin.

The device may include an auxiliary coil mounted on a core common with the main coil, which is designed to initiate, for example, a current pulse in the main coil.

Achieving the claimed technical result is predetermined by the orientation of the utility model on the inertia phenomena - the inertial movement of free charge carriers (electrons and / or holes) relative to the body containing them, which allows you to completely abandon the use of moving parts, assemblies and molecular media, for example, water.

Claims (5)

1. The device of the sensor element of the motion characteristics of the investigated object associated with its rotation or rotation, including the main inductor, characterized in that such a coil when oriented to electrical inertia phenomena is made with the possibility of its rigid attachment to the said object so that it is accurate repeated his movements. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the main coil is closed to a capacitor from which an electrical signal is removed, depending on the characteristics mentioned. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the main coil is closed on itself, and the main coil is located on the core, on which there is an additional coil, from which an electrical signal is removed, depending on the mentioned characteristics. 4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the last turn of the coil using the product from a material with free charge carriers is connected to its first turn. 5. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the last coil of the coil is connected to its first coil through an electrical circuit.

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