RU16379U1 - PISTON EXPANSION MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

PORCH SEWING EXPANSION MACHINE

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering - volumetric action machines, in particular piston expansion machines and can be used both as an air motor, to drive mechanisms, and as an expander, for example, in refrigeration and cryogenic equipment.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a known expansion machine containing a cylinder with a piston, a gas distribution system including a self-acting normally open inlet and a closed exhaust valve, the exhaust valve is made normally open, and the inlet and outlet valves can be made in the form :

- spring-loaded disk-shaped locking elements provided with shields, and the design of the intake and exhaust valves allows you to change both the height of the locking element and the spring tension;

fixedly fixed elastic plates, and the design of the inlet and outlet valves allows you to change the lifting height of the locking element;

strip plates spring-loaded leaf springs.

The proposed technical solution allows to increase the efficiency and overall performance of the machine expander, including in off-design operating modes. 3 3.P.F., 4 ill.

ESSAY

Description

VARIABLE EXPANSION MACHINE

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering - volumetric machines, in particular, piston expansion machines and can be used as a non-motor, to drive mechanisms, and as an expander, for example, in refrigeration and cryogenic technology.

There are known designs of piston expansion machines — a piston air motor I, 2 and a piston expander 3, in the walls of the cylinders of which there are exhaust openings for the exit of expanded air. In these designs, a self-acting normally open inlet valve is used in the gas distribution system with the ability to control the degree of cut-off of the cylinder filling of the expansion machine.

Significant disadvantages of such expansion machines are the insufficiently high efficiency of their operation, due to the direct-flow gas flow in the cylinder of the expansion machine and the insufficiently perfect system for regulating the degree of cut-off of the filling of cylinder 3 in off-design operating modes, in which the elastic force also changes with a change in the height of the valve nerzhki (tightness nerzhiny). Associated with this are the new notaries of pressure in the valve while reducing the lift height of the shut-off valve.

FOl L 9/02, 25/00, FOl B 25/02

element, and significant landing speed of the locking element on the saddle with increasing lift height.

Other constructions of expansion machines 4, 5 are known, comprising a cylinder with a piston and an unobtrusive gas distribution system. In these designs, most of the drawbacks are eliminated due to the use of a self-acting normally open inlet and closed exhaust valves in the gas distribution system with the ability to control the degree of filling cut-off and pushing out the expansion machine, moreover, the operation modes are controlled by changing both the lifting height of the locking element and the spring tension .

The disadvantages of these expansion machines are not high enough efficiency, due to the presence of a closed exhaust valve. In order for the exhaust valve to open at the end of the expansion, it is necessary to expand the air to a pressure below atmospheric, which leads to a decrease in the degree of filling of the cylinder. During the reverse stroke of the piston, the force of action of the spring coincides with the gas force, which contributes to the early closure of the exhaust valve and to reduce the duration of the ejection process.

The objective of the present invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely, increasing the efficiency and efficiency of the expansion machine, including at off-design modes

This problem can be solved due to the fact that in a known expansion machine comprising a cylinder with a piston, a gas distribution system including self-acting normally open inlet and closed exhaust valves, the exhaust valve is made

normally open, and the inlet and outlet valves can be made in the form of:

- spring-loaded plates of thick locking elements provided with rods, and the design of the intake and exhaust valves allows you to change both the height of the locking element and the spring tension;

cantilevered elastic plates, and the design of the intake and exhaust valves allows you to change the lifting height of the locking element;

strip plates spring-loaded leaf springs.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a cylinder of a piston expansion machine into a gas distribution system of which the inlet and outlet valves are made in the form of spring-loaded poppet locking elements provided with rods, in FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through the cylinder of a piston expansion machine into the gas distribution system of which the inlet and outlet valves are made in the form of cantilevered elastic plates, in FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a cylinder of a piston expansion machine, the gas distribution system of which includes inlet and outlet valves made in the form of strip plates spring-loaded with leaf springs, and in FIG. Figure 4 shows experimental comparative indicator charts with normally open and normally closed exhaust valves.

The reciprocating piston machine (Fig. 1) contains a cylinder 1, a pore element 2, connected with a crank mechanism. Normally open inlet and outlet valves, inlet fitting 4 and outlet fitting 5 are located in the cover 3 of the cylinder 1. The intake clan includes a seat 6 located in the cover 3 of the cylinder 1, a regulator 7, a locking element 8 provided with a rod. A washer 9 is fixed at the upper end of the rod of the plugging element 8, into which a spring 10 rests, mounted in the blind hole AND of the regulator 7. The inlet fitting 4 is screwed into the stop 12, which is screwed into the regulator 7. The regulator 7 is screwed into the seat 6. The exhaust valve includes self saddle

13, located in the cover 3 of the cylinder 1, the regulator 14, the locking element 15 provided with a rod. A washer 16 is fixed at the upper end of the rod of the locking element 15. A spring 17 abuts against the locking element 15, which is installed in the blind hole 18 of the regulator 14. The exhaust connection 5 is screwed into the stop 19, which is screwed into the regulator

14. The regulator 14 is screwed into the saddle 13. A thread is made in the waiters, regulators, saddles, inlet and outlet fittings.

When supplying high-pressure air through the inlet fitting 4, a portion of air is introduced into the cylinder 1 through a normally open inlet valve. In this case, the piston 2 is located at the top dead center, the normally-open exhaust valve will increase when pressure differential rises above the locking element 15 and under it, overcoming the elastic forces of the spring 17. When air flows in the gap between the seat 6 and the shutoff element 8, an increase in the pressure drop over the shutoff element and the node takes place. The inlet valve, overcoming the elastic forces of the spring 10, closes, not closing the expiration

high-pressure air into cylinder I. Once in the cylinder, a portion of air presses on the piston 2 and expands as it moves, with decreasing temperature and external work. When the piston approaches the bottom dead center, the pressure drop in the cylinder and the low pressure line becomes sufficient for the spring 17 to overcome the gas force and the exhaust valve opens. During the reverse stroke of the piston, the expanded cooled air is pushed out through the open exhaust valve into the low-pressure line, or is directed to the consumer, while the air pressure in the cylinder increases slightly. Approximately in the middle of the stroke of the piston due to some increase in pressure in the cylinder, the exhaust valve, closing the elastic forces of the spring 17, closes. When the piston moves to top dead center, the pressure in the cylinder 1 increases due to the compression of the residual air. When equal pressure is reached in the cylinder 1 and the high-pressure line, the inlet valve opens due to the elasticity of the spring 10, the cycle repeats.

The piston expansion machine (Fig. 2) contains a cylinder 1, a piston 2, connected with a crank-rod mechanism. In the cover 3 of the cylinder 1 are normally open inlet and outlet valves with locking elements in the form of cantilevered elastic plates. The inlet valve includes a restrictor 4, a locking element 5, an adjusting screw 6 screwed into the seat 7. The locking element 5 is pressed against the limiter 4 by a sleeve 8 screwed onto the guide screw 9. The sleeve 8 is spring-loaded with a cylindrical spring 10, which is installed in the blind hole 11 The exhaust valve includes a restrictor 12, a locking element 13, an adjustment screw 14,

screwed into the stopper 12. The locking element 13 is screwed to the stopper 12 by a sleeve 15 screwed onto the guide screw 16. The sleeve 15 is spring-loaded with a coil spring 17, which is installed in the blind hole 18.

When applying (and high pressure through a normally-open inlet valve, a portion of air enters cylinder I. The piston 2 is at the top dead center, the normally-open exhaust valve when the pressure drop rises above and below the shut-off element 13, overcoming the elastic forces When air expires in the gap between the seat 7 and the locking element 5, an increase in pressure drop above the locking element and below it occurs. The inlet valve, overcoming the elastic forces of the plate 5, closes, blocking the expiration e of high pressure air into cylinder 1. Once in the cylinder, a portion of air presses on piston 2 and expands when it moves with decreasing temperature and outside work. When the piston approaches the bottom dead point, the pressure difference in cylinder and low pressure line becomes sufficient 1m so that the elastic plate 13 overcomes the gas force and opens the exhaust valve.When the piston moves backward, the expanded cooled air is pushed out through the open exhaust valve into the low-pressure line neniya, or sent to the consumer, while the air pressure in the cylinder increases slightly. Approximately in the middle of the piston stroke, due to some increase in pressure in the cylinder, the exhaust valve overcomes the elastic forces of the plate 13 and closes. When the piston moves to top dead center, the pressure in the cylinder 1 increases due to the compression of the residual air. At

achieving equal pressures in the cylinder 1 and the high-pressure line of the intake clan due to the elasticity of the plate 5 opens, the cycle repeats.

The piston expansion machine (Fig. 3) contains a cylinder 1, a piston 2, connected with a crank mechanism. In the lid 3 of the cylinder 1 are normally open inlet and outlet valves with locking elements in the form of strip plates. The inlet valve includes a stop 4 mounted on the saddle 5, a locking element 6, spring-loaded with a leaf spring 7. The exhaust valve includes a stop 8, mounted on a saddle 5, a locking element 9, spring-loaded with a leaf spring 10.

When high pressure air is supplied through a normally open intake valve, a portion of air enters cylinder 1. In this case, the piston 2 is located at the top dead center, the normally open exhaust valve closes when the differential pressure increases above the locking element 9 and under it, overcoming the elastic forces of the plate 10. With the expiration of air in the gap between the seat 5 and the locking element 6, an increase in the pressure drop above and below the locking element occurs. The inlet valve, overcoming the elastic forces of the leaf spring 7, closes, blocking the outflow of high pressure air into the cylinder 1. Once in the cylinder, a portion of air presses on the piston 2 and expands with decreasing temperature and performing external work. When the piston approaches the bottom dead center, the differential pressure in the cylinder and the low pressure line becomes sufficient for the leaf spring 10 to overcome the gas force and the exhaust valve opens. During the reverse stroke of the piston, the expanded cooled air is pushed out through the open exhaust valve into the low-pressure line, or is directed to the consumer, while the air pressure in the cylinder increases slightly. Approximately in the middle of the piston stroke, due to a certain increase in pressure in the cylinder, the exhaust valve overcoming the elastic forces of the leaf spring 10 closes. When the piston moves to top dead center, the pressure in the cylinder 1 increases due to the compression of the residual air. When equal pressure is reached in the cylinder 1 and the high-pressure line, the inlet valve opens due to the elasticity of the leaf spring 7, the cycle repeats.

The use of a normally-open exhaust valve (Fig. 4a) instead of a normally-closed exhaust valve (Fig. 46) in the gas distribution system of a piston expansion machine leads to an increase in the useful work performed by the machine due to longer 1-2 filling and 3- popping processes 4 (Fig. 4a).

The proposed technical solution allows to increase the efficiency and efficiency of the expansion machine, including in off-design operating modes.

As a result of experimental studies, it was found that with the same design parameters of valve elements, the cut-off degree of the cylinder filling with the normally-open intake valve increased from 0.2 to 0.3, the indicator power increased by 38%, the indicator efficiency increased by 19%, the degree push-off cutoff decreased from 0.65 to 0.5.

sources of information:

1. Piston air motor: Natent on the invention No. 2097576, MKI FOIL 9/02, 25/00, F 01 B 25/02 / I. A. Antropov, A. D. Vanyashov, A.N. Kabakov, B.C. Kalekin, I.K. Nrilutsky.

2. Piston pneumatic mode: Bigger: Certificate for utility model Ж 10423, MKI F 01 L 9/02, 25/00 / N.G. Bychkovsky, A.D. Vanyashov, A.N. Kabakov, B.C. Kalekin.

3.Piston expander; A positive decision on the issuance of a certificate for a utility model by application No. 98123891/20 (026291) dated 12/31/98, MKI F 25 B 1/02 / A.D. Vanyashov, A.N. Kabakov, B.C. Kalekin.

4. Piston expansion machine: Utility Model Certificate No. 13060, MKI FOIL 9/02, F 01 B 25/02 / A.D. Vanyashov, B.C. Kalekin, S.V. Kovalenko.

5. Piston expansion machine: A positive decision to grant a patent for application No. 98107039/06 (007960) of 04/13/98. / A.D. Vanyashov, A.N. Kabakov, B.C. Kalekin, I.K. Prilutsky.

Claims (4)

1. A piston expansion machine comprising a cylinder with a piston, a gas distribution system including a self-acting normally open inlet and a closed exhaust valve, characterized in that the exhaust valve is made normally open.  2. The piston expansion machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet and outlet valves are made in the form of spring-loaded poppet locking elements provided with rods, wherein the design of the inlet and outlet valves allows changing both the lifting height of the locking element and the spring tension.  3. The piston expansion machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the intake and exhaust valves are made in the form of cantilevered elastic plates, and the design of the intake and exhaust valves allows you to change the lifting height of the shut-off element. 4. The piston expansion machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the intake and exhaust valves are made in the form of strip plates, spring-loaded with leaf springs.