RU161260U1 - MODIFIED DEVICE FOR ATOMIC REACTOR OF DIRECT CONVERSION OF RADIATION ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The device of an atomic reactor for direct conversion of radiation energy into electrical energy is made of steel plates tightly adjacent to each other, on which there are conductors of the primary and secondary windings, with radioactive elements located inside the reactor in tubes on which induction coils are strung, plates are located at the ends of the radioactive elements "Anode" and "cathode" attached to the reactor through an insulator with external current collectors, characterized in that the radioactive element is made in the form of three ubka with windows, which is surrounded by aluminum alloy tubes over the entire height.

Description

The utility model relates to nuclear energy and can be used to obtain electrical energy from electromagnetic radiation of radioactive elements.

A device for generating electricity from intra-atomic due to radioactive alpha or beta decay RU 2113739 IPC G21H 1/00, G21H 1/02, consisting of two closed metal shells (emitter and collector). A thin layer of radioactive metal is deposited on the emitter. Between the emitter and the collector in a vacuum is a metal mesh. The grid is connected to the high-voltage winding of the step-up transformer, powered by an industrial power supply network, and the emitter and collector are connected to the primary winding of the second step-down transformer, the secondary winding of which is connected to consumers of electricity. Radioactive alpha or beta particles fly out from the surface of the emitter and fly to the collector, and a high-voltage direct current arises between the emitter and the collector, which converts the alternating voltage on the grid through a transformer into alternating current of industrial voltage and frequency. This current is sent to autonomous consumers of electricity or to the general electric network.

A device for converting energy WO 2012044879 IPC G21H 1/00; G21H 1/12, the energy conversion device comprises a nuclear battery, a light source connected to the nuclear battery and configured to receive electrical energy from the atomic battery and emit electromagnetic energy, and a photocell configured to receive radiated electromagnetic energy and the conversion received electromagnetic energy in electrical energy.

Also known patent RU 2145129 IPC G21H 1/00, the invention: in the center of a sealed evacuated casing is a plate made of a composite material containing spent nuclear fuel. On both sides of the plate, metal screens are installed parallel to it. Front screens at an angle to their surface mounted blinds in the form of capacitor plates under voltage. Electrons emerging from the plate pass between the plates of the blinds and create an electric charge on the surface of the screens. The electric charge with the help of current collectors is transferred through the phase switch to the primary winding of the transformer, on the secondary winding of which the output current is induced.

The disadvantages of these analogues are the low level of coefficient of performance (COP), short life.

A known method and device for the direct conversion of radiation energy into electrical energy WO 2012083392 IPC G21H 1/00, the device is a three-dimensional system of linearly ordered flat electric capacitors, called a converter. In the interelectrode space there is a replaceable, nanoscale, cluster, powder-coated material with a composite structure, which has insulating and ferromagnetic properties and acts as a discrete insulator. Thus, the converter is placed in a protective casing having lateral openings opposite each other, subjected to the combined, controlled and penetrating into its volume radiation radiation of α-, β- and γ-rays and a magnetic field.

The disadvantage of the invention is the low level of efficiency, narrow application and use only as a battery - battery.

The closest analogue is an atomic reactor for direct conversion of radiation energy into electrical energy RU 153422 IPC G21H 1/00, is an atomic reactor consisting of the upper and lower parts. The inner zone of the upper part of the reactor is hollow and active, made in the form of a tank of alloy steel, in which are standing upright: radioactive elements and a graphite control rod. On radioactive elements, induction coils are strung, wrapped in a spiral insulated aluminum wires. Two insulated aluminum wires (positive and negative) extend from each induction coil to the reactor wall, connected to special electrical insulators, which are connected externally to the primary conductor. At the ends of the radioactive elements at a short distance are the plate "anode" and the plate "cathode", which are the main "converter" of charged particles into electric current. The plates “anode” and “cathode” are attached to the reactor through an insulator with external current collectors. Outside, the reactor is made of steel plates tightly adjacent to each other. The upper outer part is wrapped by a primary winding conductor, and the lower part of the reactor is wrapped by a secondary winding conductor.

The disadvantages include the fact that the induction coil is wrapped in insulated aluminum wires, which is not a sufficiently reliable conductor (in our case this problem is eliminated by using an aluminum alloy tube), and the radioactive elements are in sealed tubes, which prevents, to the extent necessary, expansion "Alpha" and "beta" particles, as well as the absence of a "cooling jacket" does not allow the reactor to be used at high temperatures.

The task facing the author is to increase the efficiency of a nuclear reactor.

The problem is solved thanks to:

- the use of an induction coil in the form of tubes of aluminum alloy with ceramic insulators, as a converter of radioactive radiation and the flow of charged particles into electric current;

- the influence of a magnetic field from the primary circuit of the winding on the outside of the reactor, on the radioactive element and induction coils inside the reactor, as a result of which we obtain a directed magnetic field;

- installation and use of the anode and cathode plates to obtain electric current from a directed flow of charged particles;

- the use of the secondary circuit of the winding as the main converter of electric current;

The essence of the utility model is the possibility of converting energy from radiation of radioactive elements into electric current, due to the effect of radioactive radiation on the induction coil inside the reactor, converting energy in the primary circuit and transforming it in the secondary circuit of the winding. As well as the use of the anode and cathode plates inside the atomic reactor as an additional converter of the resulting charged particles from the magnetic field into electric current.

In FIG. 1 shows the external structure of a nuclear reactor.

In FIG. 2 shows the internal structure of a nuclear reactor.

The reactor is divided into two parts:

1. The upper part of the nuclear reactor from the outside is made in the form of vertical steel plates 10 tightly adjacent to each other, and the inner zone is hollow and active, made in the form of a tank of alloy steel. Between the steel plates 10 and the alloy steel tank there is also a “cooling jacket” (not shown in FIG.). Standing vertically inside the container are: radioactive elements 1 and a graphite control rod 2. The radioactive element 1 is made in the form of a vertical tube sealed at the ends. Over the entire height of the tube there are “windows” for the unhindered scattering of alpha and beta particles. The radioactive elements are encircled, over the entire height, by tubes 3 of aluminum alloy, isolated from each other by ceramic insulators 4, located on the tube 3 in a checkerboard pattern. These tubes 3 of aluminum alloy with insulators 4, spiral around the radioactive element 1 and actually serves as an induction coil. The ends of the tubes 3 exit the reactor through its wall and are separated from the casing by a dielectric insulator 11 (shown by a dashed line). Outside, the tubes 3 are connected to the cooling unit 12 through a dielectric tube 15. Also, the tubes 3 are connected externally to the primary winding 5 by means of a metal bus 13. At the ends of the radioactive elements 1 there is a short distance between the anode plate 6 and the cathode plate 7, anode to the south, cathode to the north. Which are an additional "converter" of charged particles into electric current. The plates "anode" 6 and "cathode" 7 are attached to the reactor through an insulator with external current collectors 8. The outer side of the upper part of the reactor is helically wrapped around the entire surface of the primary winding conductor 5. From the cooling unit 12, cooling material is pumped through aluminum tubes under pressure (e.g. nitrogen). "Cooling shirt" is connected by pipes to the refrigerator 14.

2. The lower part of the reactor consists only of vertical steel plates 10 tightly adjacent to each other. The outer side of the lower part of the reactor in a spiral around the entire surface is wrapped by a conductor of the secondary winding 9.

In our case, under the radioactive element 1 was considered fuel elements (fuel elements), similar to those located on nuclear submarines. As a rule, enriched uranium dioxide 235, 233 or plutonium 239 is loaded into them. When TVELs work out their service life in the reactor core, they are put into a “cooling” pool, but even after working out their service life, TVEL’s radioactivity is quite high and there are examples of their use in small power plants, in remote villages, cities, in the form of hot water for heating and electricity. We can conclude that there is a potential for receiving radio emission from spent TVELs over several years, which is applicable in our utility model.

Knowing the decay formula 235U92 → 231Th90 + d (4He2) is an alpha decay reaction. As a result of the decay of the uranium nucleus, a thorium nucleus and alpha particles (helium nuclei) are formed. In β-decay, an electron and an antineutron fly out of the nucleus, while the proton turns into a neutron. Gamma radiation - is an electromagnetic radiation with a high frequency, with high energy. Excessive energy can be released by emitting one or more gamma rays, this is called gamma radiation.

The effect of electromagnetic radiation from the radioactive elements 1 on the induction coil inside the reactor, which is an aluminum alloy tube 3, excites in the coils a stream of charged particles of directional action, also called EMF (electromotive force). In our case, we use induction coils inside the reactor to obtain electric current from the effects of electromagnetic radiation from a radioactive element 1.

The in-reactor induction coil, in the reactor, is connected to the outer conductor of the primary winding 5 through insulators using a metal bus 13. The electric current induced from the in-reactor induction coil “flows” through the primary conductor 5 of the outer side of the reactor. According to the laws of physics, an electric current passing through a conductor creates a magnetic field. An electric current in the primary winding 5 induces a magnetic field in it, which is amplified by metal plates embedded in the outer part of the reactor. In turn, the secondary circuit of the winding 9 located in the lower part of the reactor, under the powerful influence of a magnetic field, induces an electric current, which can be used as the main current transducer. The magnetic field created by the primary circuit 5 induces vortex flows inside the reactor. Induction vectors penetrate the reactor from the inside vertically on their way are the plates "anode" 6 and "cathode" 7, above and below. As a result of atomic fission of the reactor, charged particles are formed electrons, ions, protons and neutrons, but for our case it is important that electrons and ions can have a direction according to magnetic vortex flows, i.e. vertically, where our “anode” 6 and “cathode” 7 plates are located. These charged particles move to the “anode” 6 and “cathode” 7 plates, and not an electric current. The cathode-anode plates are connected to the current collectors 8 through insulators in the wall of the reactor, which supply current for further use in production.

A nuclear reactor operates as follows:

Radiation from a radioactive element 1 acts on an induction coil, which is a circuit of tubes 3, spirally wound around a radioactive element 1, resulting in a stream of charged particles, which is an electric current. Electric current, through tubes 3, is transmitted to the primary conductor of circuit 5 from the outside of the reactor through a metal bus 13. Passing along the primary winding of circuit 5, the current creates a magnetic field that is amplified by the outer steel plates 10. The magnetic field from the outside of the reactor acts its inner part is also enhanced by charged particles hitting the inner walls of an atomic reactor. As a result of this, the chaotic flux of radioactive charged particles becomes directed "vectors" of the magnetic field, under its influence. At the ends of the radioactive element 1 there is a plate “anode” 6 and a plate “cathode” 7, to which the poles of the magnetic field are directed, allowing to receive a positive charge on the plate “anode” 6 and negative on the plate “cathode" 7. And after that, through the current collector 8 brought out, the electric current received goes to the consumer. The secondary winding of circuit 9 is the main converter of electric current, as a result of powerful electromagnetic radiation from radioactive element 1. Since radioactive radiation with its high frequency not only induces electromagnetic currents, but also heats up the material significantly. Therefore, in the form of an induction coil 3, an aluminum alloy tube is used that is connected outside the reactor with a cooling unit 12 through which the cooler moves. The cooling material may be nitrogen, it is a good dielectric, which is less susceptible to radiation and cools well. The cooling jacket, which is located around the inner core, allows additional cooling of the core. This will allow the reactor to be actively used at high temperatures.

By increasing radiation from a radioactive element 1, we mean the moment when the atomic reactor begins its operation, i.e. chain atomic reaction. This occurs after the introduction of the radioactive element 1 into the reactor core.

With increasing temperature inside the reactor, the temperature can be reduced by creating a vacuum.

If necessary, the electric current can be made constant or variable up to a certain frequency, by installing a diode bridge, a capacitor, etc. There can be one or more induction coils, depending on the size of the atomic reactor.

The effect of using the utility model is:

- reducing the overall dimensions of the nuclear reactor, due to the abolition of steam generating equipment;

- increasing the efficiency of the reactor, due to the action of the radioactive element on the tubes 3 of aluminum alloy (induction coil), the induction of a magnetic field in the primary winding 5. The conversion of electric current in the secondary winding 9. And the external effect of the magnetic field on the radioactive element 1, as a result what we get the movement of the directed action of radiation particles, which ultimately increases the amount of electrical energy received;

Thus, the task set for the author to increase the efficiency, reduce the overall dimensions of nuclear reactors is completed.

Claims (1)

The device of an atomic reactor for direct conversion of radiation energy into electrical energy is made of steel plates tightly adjacent to each other, on which there are conductors of the primary and secondary windings, with radioactive elements located inside the reactor in tubes on which induction coils are strung, plates are located at the ends of the radioactive elements "Anode" and "cathode" attached to the reactor through an insulator with external current collectors, characterized in that the radioactive element is made in the form of three ubka with windows, which is surrounded by aluminum alloy tubes over the entire height.

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