RU160749U1 - STATODYNAMIC DEFLECTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The static-static deflector, consisting of a casing, a fan with axial rotation of the blades and a differential pressure sensor connected to the control unit, characterized in that the pressure sensor is installed on the outside of the casing and is made with an analog output for connecting to the control unit, the fan is made with electronic - a switched motor with the ability to change the speed of rotation of the fan blades in continuous operation. 2. The deflector according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is made in the form of hollow cylinders stepwise connected to each other, the upper of which has a diameter larger than the lower hollow cylinder, the fan is located in the lower hollow cylinder and has a blade span of at least 90% cross-sectional area of the lower cylinder. 3. The deflector according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower cylinder of the housing is configured to be mounted above the exhaust shaft of the building. The deflector according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit is made in the form of a controller.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of engineering equipment of buildings and can be used when equipping residential buildings with a continuous-flow static-deflector with an axial fan to ensure design air exchange throughout the year under all weather conditions by maintaining constant vacuum in the exhaust shaft regardless of the presence of gravity and force wind pressure.

In natural ventilation systems, nozzles - deflectors are installed at the mouth of the exhaust shafts.

A known TsAGI type deflector made in the form of a cylindrical shell and having a smooth expansion (diffuser) to enhance traction in any direction of the wind (V.I. Khanzhonkov “Ventilation deflectors”, L .: Stroyizdat, 1947, p. 11, Fig. 4) .

Strengthening traction occurs due to the rarefaction that occurs when flowing around the TsAGI deflector. The vacuum created by the deflector and the amount of air removed depend on the wind speed and can be determined using nomograms. A disadvantage of the known deflector is that in the absence of wind and temperature differences between the internal and external air, there is no draft in the deflector. Its scope is limited as follows: the deflector is not applicable for buildings falling into the aerodynamic shadow of other buildings; the deflector is not applicable for areas with low wind speed.

A deflector is known comprising a cylindrical nozzle with a conical diffuser mounted on it, provided with a conical visor-shield outside and a conical hood-hood installed above the outlet of the conical diffuser, the upper part of the diffuser, visor-shield and umbrella hood being covered by a cylindrical casing, all these parts interconnected by paws, and in order to optimize the overall dimensions and metal consumption of the deflector without reducing its performance, it has certain diameter ratios, for n and height structural parts (RF №2087809, IPC F24F 7/06, publ. 20.08.97 city).

A disadvantage of the known deflector is that in the absence of wind, there is no draft in the deflector.

The statodynamic deflector becomes a more reliable solution compared to the static deflector used for natural ventilation. At the same time, the statodynamic deflector is a less energy-intensive, less noisy and simpler solution compared to a mechanical ventilation system.

The DYN-ASTATO series statodynamic deflector is known, equipped with a differential type pressure sensor, an integrated two-speed fan and consisting of conical disks connected to each other by struts, two of which are truncated, offset along the axis of the deflector relative to each other and facing each other with small bases with the formation of a channel resembling a Venturi nozzle, and the lower disk has a Central hole equal to the diameter of the pipe ventilation duct, and in the lower part of the upper disk mounted vent Yator directly driven by an AC motor (deflector dynamic DYN production ASTATO, France, http://www.v-s-m.ru/deflektor-dyn.html).

The deflector is used to enhance traction in systems of natural exhaust ventilation through the use of wind power, the operation of the built-in fan and is mounted on the upper part of the ventilation duct. A differential pressure sensor and an AC motor, while lowering the thrust below a threshold value, enable the fan to turn on at maximum power (without smooth regulation of speed), which simultaneously leads to an excess of the permissible noise level and an excess of the design air flow rate. The design of the casing provides the use of wind pressure forces with less efficiency. Thus, the optimal ratio between energy consumption and aerodynamic parameters during deflector operation is not ensured.

A known ventilation system, including sensors for measuring temperature and wind speed on the street, a controller, a fan, a frequency converter for changing the speed of the fan drive (EP 1597523, F24F 11/0001, publ. 11/23/2005).

The sensors measure the temperature and wind speed on the street, after which they transmit a signal to the controller, which transmits a signal to the frequency converter so that it sets a specific fan speed. The use of two sensors to measure the temperature and wind speed on the street (outside the exhaust shaft of the house) complicates the system and reduces its reliability. The presence of a frequency converter of the fan drive does not allow the fan to be operated at low speeds relative to the nominal engine speed, since this significantly reduces the efficiency of the engine.

A device for automated ventilation of buildings is known, including a fan, a sensor for monitoring fan rotation, a control unit (FR 2892499, IPC F23L 17/16; F24F 11/00; F24F 7/06, publ. 04/27/2007).

In the known device due to natural traction, the rotation of the fan blades occurs. In the absence of traction, the blades stop. The sensor detects the stop of the blades and turns on the engine, which begins to rotate the blades. The fan turns on for a certain fixed time. In the device, the sensor does not directly detect rarefaction in the ventilation shaft, but only the fact of rotation of the fan blades. The absence of a smooth change in the number of fan revolutions and the presence of the maximum rotation mode for a fixed time do not allow obtaining aerodynamic design parameters at this time.

Closest to the proposed deflector is a statodynamic deflector, consisting of a body with a conical lower part, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the exhaust shaft for installation above the exhaust shaft, a fan with an asynchronous motor with axial rotation of the blades located in the channel of the exhaust shaft, and a low-pressure discrete differential pressure sensor fixed on the outer surface of the exhaust shaft with the installation of a measuring tube inside the shaft, moreover, these two-speed fan and a discrete sensor pressure drops are connected to the control unit to turn on the fan only with a small gravitational pressure ("Natural ventilation with motivation", VP Kharitonov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor of MSTU named after NE Bauman, lecturer of the master class ABOK, published in the journal ABOK No. 3/2006, Fig. 7, http://www.abok.ru/for_spec/articles.php?nid=3201 - prototype).

When the electric motor is off, the known statodynamic deflector has the technical characteristics of a static deflector of the same nominal diameter and creates a vacuum equal to the sum of gravitational and wind pressures. The amount of electricity consumed by the statodynamic deflector is negligible. The fan motor is included in the work only if necessary, no more than 40% of the total time in a year. The differential pressure sensor measures the pressure and when it decreases (thrust decreases) below a certain limit (set pressure), the controller sends a signal to turn on the fan, the fan operates in maximum mode for a fixed time. In addition, fans with a cross section smaller than the duct section are used so that they rotate at high speed (since there is no possibility of changing the fan speed).

The well-known statodynamic deflector does not provide constant accurate pressure maintenance in the exhaust shaft, since under certain conditions the fan turns on at full power. When the fan is turned on at full power, increased power consumption occurs. The fan in the prototype used an ejection type, which creates increased noise (more than 40 dB). The disadvantage of the prototype is also in the low efficiency and complexity of installing the deflector and sensor in the exhaust shaft. The operation of the fan in the maximum rotation mode of the blades reduces its service life, creates additional noise and does not allow to obtain design aerodynamic parameters.

The technical result of the utility model is to continuously maintain the quality of the hood by ensuring constant negative pressure in the exhaust shaft, and, as a result, constant air flow in the ventilation shaft, regardless of weather conditions, in ensuring high energy efficiency due to the use of an electronically-switched motor for rotation of the fan blades. In addition, a low noise level (less than 40 dB) is ensured through the use of a fan, the dimensions of which occupy at least 90% of the cross section of the exhaust shaft, which implies a low speed of rotation of the fan blades. In addition, the installation of the deflector on high-rise residential buildings and the continuous operation of the fan with the exception of the maximum possible modes of operation are ensured, which reduces the likelihood of its failure within the service life.

The essence of the utility model consists in the constant (in continuous operating mode) accurate maintenance of pressure in the exhaust shaft through the use of an analog pressure sensor that accurately measures the negative pressure in the exhaust shaft and transfers this information to the control unit (controller), in which the applied control algorithm allows you to analyze the results of measuring the pressure in the exhaust shaft and select the necessary smooth fan speed to achieve the required aerodynamic their parameters.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the static-static deflector, consisting of a casing, a fan with axial rotation of the blades and a differential pressure sensor connected to the control unit, the pressure sensor is installed on the outside of the casing and has an analog output for connecting to the control unit, the fan is made with electronic -switched engine with the ability to change the speed of rotation of the fan blades in continuous operation.

The casing is preferably made in the form of hollow cylinders stepwise connected to each other, the upper of which has a diameter larger than the lower hollow cylinder, the fan is located in the lower hollow cylinder and has a blade span of at least 90% of the cross-sectional area of the lower cylinder.

The lower cylinder of the housing, it is advisable to perform with the possibility of mounting above the exhaust shaft of the building.

The control unit is preferably made in the form of a controller.

When conducting patent research, no solutions were found that are identical to the declared one, and, therefore, the claimed utility model meets the criterion of "novelty."

In FIG. 1 shows a statodynamic deflector. In FIG. 1 adopted the following notation:

1 - housing;

2 - the upper hollow cylinder of the housing 1;

3 - lower hollow cylinder of the housing 1;

4 - fan (with axial rotation);

5 - blades (fan 4);

6 - electronically commutated engine;

7 - the output of the electronically commutated engine 6;

8 - differential pressure sensor;

9 - analog output (differential pressure sensor 8);

10 - measuring tube (differential pressure sensor 8);

11 - controller;

12 - switching means (in the controller 11);

13 - exhaust shaft;

14 - connection zone (lower hollow cylinder 3 to the exhaust shaft 13).

The statodynamic deflector comprises a housing 1 formed by stepwise interconnected upper and lower hollow cylinders 2, 3, a fan 4 with axial rotation of the blades 5, equipped with an electronically switched motor 6, made with the possibility of continuous operation and smooth change of the speed of rotation of the blades 5 of the fan 4 and having an output 7, a differential pressure sensor 8 with an analog output 9 and a measuring tube 10, the output end of which is built into the cavity of the lower cylinder 3 of the housing 1, and the specified sensor 8 and fan 4 with connected to the control unit, made in the form of a controller 11, including means 12 for switching to connect a differential pressure sensor 8 and an electronically switched motor 6 of fan 4. In the housing 1, the upper hollow cylinder 2 has a diameter larger than the lower hollow cylinder 3, the fan 4 is located in the lower hollow cylinder 3 in its middle part and has a blade span of 5 in it of at least 90% of the cross-sectional area of the lower cylinder 3. The lower cylinder 3 of the housing 1 has a diameter (D) corresponding to the inner diameter of the exhaust shaft 13, and made with the possibility of mounting above the exhaust shaft 13 of the building structure in the connection zone 14, forming a common channel with the exhaust shaft 13. The static-dynamic deflector can be made on the basis of available commercially available components: as a fan 4 with an electronically-switched motor 6 can be used, for example , model S3G 710-AO85-21 manufactured by EBM-Papst (Germany), and as an analog differential pressure sensor 8 can be applied, in particular, model QBM2030-1U of the company "Siemens".

The deflector also protects the exhaust shaft 13 from the ingress of rain and snow, as well as all kinds of debris, by including gratings in its composition (not shown in Fig.).

The purpose of the statodynamic deflector is to create air movement (traction) in the duct due to gravitational forces, wind pressure and fan rotation. In the presence of gravitational forces arising due to the difference in densities of the internal and external air, a vacuum is created in the exhaust shaft 13 (draft) and, as a result, air movement. The movement of air contributes to wind pressure, which is also converted into a vacuum in the shaft 13 due to the design of the deflector. The analog differential pressure sensor 8 detects the vacuum value in the shaft 13 and transmits information to the controller 11. If the vacuum is insufficient, the controller 11 sends a signal to turn on the fan 4. The fan 4 smoothly changes the speed, thereby creating the necessary additional vacuum in the shaft 13.

The deflector operates as follows. The differential pressure sensor 8 measures the pressure. When the pressure decreases (thrust decreases) below a certain limit (set pressure), the controller 11 determines the difference between the set pressure and the actual pressure at the moment and sends a signal to the electronically-switched motor 6 to rotate the fan 4 at the speed necessary to compensate for this difference . The signals are transmitted through the switching means 12.

Thus, the controller 11 allows you to analyze the incoming signal from the differential pressure sensor 8 and selects the desired rotation speed of the fan 4 to maintain a given pressure in the lower cylinder 3 of the housing 1. The fan 4 is in the operating mode constantly during operation of the static-dynamic deflector, while the speed changes smoothly its rotation.

Thanks to the statodynamic deflector, accurate maintenance of aerodynamic parameters is ensured (deviation from the design no more than 10%).

Compared with the prototype, the static-static deflector constantly maintains negative pressure regardless of weather conditions, has a low noise level (less than 40 dB) and high energy efficiency indicators.

Claims (4)

1. The static-static deflector, consisting of a casing, a fan with axial rotation of the blades and a differential pressure sensor connected to the control unit, characterized in that the pressure sensor is installed on the outside of the casing and is made with an analog output for connecting to the control unit, the fan is made with electronic -switched engine with the ability to change the speed of rotation of the fan blades in continuous operation. 2. The deflector according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is made in the form of hollow cylinders stepwise connected to each other, the upper of which has a diameter larger than the lower hollow cylinder, the fan is placed in the lower hollow cylinder and has a blade span of at least 90% of the cross-sectional area of the lower cylinder. 3. The deflector according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower cylinder of the housing is configured to be mounted above the exhaust shaft of the building. 4. The deflector according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit is made in the form of a controller.

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