RU159313U1 - HYDROCYCLONE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A hydrocyclone containing a cylinder-conical housing, including a supply pipe for tangentially introducing a heterogeneous liquid system, a sand and drain pipe for removal of separation products, while the drain pipe at the bottom is equipped with a filter element, characterized in that the filter element is made in the form of coaxially arranged the gap of the outer porous element and the inner perforated frame, and the drain pipe in the upper part is equipped with a filter with sorption loading, limited to the lower and the upper mesh, and the lower mesh is fixed, and the upper mesh is movable along the drain pipe of the hydrocyclone to create a fluidized bed, while the ratio of the height of the sorption charge layer in a stationary state to the height of the sorption charge in a fluidized state is 1: 1.5-2.2 . Hydrocyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer porous element of the filter element is made of smooth polymer monofilaments, and the perforated frame is made of fiberglass treated with an epoxy compound. 3. Hydrocyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorption charge is made of natural and (or) synthetic porous materials and (or) their compositions having ion-exchange properties with a fractional composition of 0.05-1.0 mm, for example zeolites, glauconites, bentonites nepheline.

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to devices for separating heterogeneous liquid systems under the action of centrifugal forces and can be used in water treatment systems, including reclamation, petrochemical and other industries.

Known hydrocyclone containing a cylindrical housing, including a supply pipe for the tangential introduction of a heterogeneous liquid system, a sand and drain pipe for removal of separation products, a filter element made in the form of a semi-permeable membrane and fixed in the upper part of the body, a fencing device and a guide element made in the form hollow cones and rigidly fixed in the lower part of the body on a movable rod, and a sludge collector [Patent No. 40015 B04G 5/22, publ. 08/27/2004].

The reasons that impede the achievement of a given technical result include the insufficient efficiency of separation of a heterogeneous liquid system from fine and toxic impurities due to clogging and damage by coarse particles of the micropores of the membrane located at the tangential entry point.

Known sorption filter containing a cylindrical body, including a supply pipe for axial inlet of a heterogeneous liquid system and a drain pipe for drainage of clarified liquid, in which a sorbent based on zeolite with different fractional composition and ratio by volume is placed layer by layer between two grids [Patent on PM . No. 15174 B01D 24/00, publ. 09/27/2000].

The reasons that impede the achievement of the desired technical result include the insufficient efficiency of separation of a heterogeneous liquid system from fine and toxic impurities due to the lack of additional coarse cleaning to the sorption filter and the location of the sorbent in a continuous layer, which leads to clogging of the sorbent layers and a decrease in its throughput.

The closest technical solution for the totality of features to the claimed device and adopted for the prototype is a hydrocyclone containing a cylindrical housing, including a supply pipe for tangential input of a heterogeneous liquid system, a sand and drain pipe for removal of separation products, while the drain pipe at the bottom is equipped with a filter an element of different porosity, the outer surface of which is formed by a continuous fleecy cylindrical surface with needle elements [Pat Event No. 2180272, B04C 5/12, B04C 9/00, publ. 03/10/2002].

The reasons that impede the achievement of a given technical result include the insufficient efficiency of separation of an inhomogeneous liquid system from fine and toxic impurities due to clogging of the pores of the filter element with highly viscous particles and the inability to remove toxic impurities due to the absence of sorption cleaning elements in the device design.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to increase the efficiency of the separation of heterogeneous liquid systems from fine and toxic impurities.

The technical result is achieved in that the hydrocyclone containing a cylindrical conical housing, including a supply pipe for tangentially introducing an inhomogeneous liquid system, a sand and drain pipe for removal of separation products, while the drain pipe at the bottom is equipped with a filter element, according to a utility model, the filter element is made in in the form of an external porous element and an internal perforated frame arranged coaxially with a gap, and a drain pipe in the upper part is provided with a filter with sorption loading limited by the lower and upper grids, the lower grid being fixed and the upper grid being movable along the drain pipe of the hydrocyclone to create a fluidized bed, while the ratio of the height of the sorption loading layer in a stationary state to the height of the sorption loading in a fluidized bed the condition is 1: 1.5-2.

The outer porous element of the filter element is made of smooth polymer monofilaments, and the perforated frame is made of fiberglass treated with epoxy compound.

Sorption loading is made of natural and (or) synthetic porous materials and (or) their compositions having ion-exchange properties with a fractional composition of 0.05-1.0 mm, for example, zeolites, glauconites, bentonites, nepheline.

The use of a filter element made in the form of an external porous element and an inner perforated frame arranged coaxially with the gap increases the efficiency of separation of heterogeneous liquid systems from fine impurities due to the multilayer filtering process. The gap between the outer porous element and the inner perforated frame ensures uniform distribution of fluid and pressure equalization along the length of the filter element. With this design, the filter element works with its entire surface, its own resistance practically does not affect the resistance of the system as a whole.

An external porous element made of smooth polymer monofilaments has a high retarding ability, insignificant hydraulic resistance, and the ability to maintain permeability during repeated filtration, which together contributes to an increase in the efficiency of separation of inhomogeneous liquid systems from fine impurities.

The implementation of the inner perforated frame of fiberglass treated with an epoxy compound provides greater throughput compared to any type of perforation and structural elasticity inherent in spiral structures; in addition, such a structure to the maximum extent counteracts the sticking (adhesion) of finely dispersed impurities on the filter element.

The manufacture of the outer porous element and the inner perforated frame from the recommended materials also helps to increase corrosion resistance, service life and reduce the weight of the filter element.

Equipping a hydrocyclone with a sorption-loading filter helps to purify non-uniform liquid systems from toxic impurities (heavy metals, radionuclides, organic and other substances).

The creation of a fluidized bed of sorption loading during the operation of the hydrocyclone increases the contact surface of the phases — liquid and sorbent, intensive mixing and elimination of stagnant zones, and, as a result, increases the efficiency of separation of inhomogeneous liquid systems from toxic impurities. In addition, the fractional composition of the sorption charge affects its total specific surface, the smaller the fraction, the greater the total specific surface of the sorption charge in a fluidized state.

The ratio of the height of the sorption charge bed in a stationary state to the height of the sorption charge in a fluidized state, 1: 1.5-2.0, was adopted based on the results of operation of industrial plants. Based on these data, the range of variation in the porosity of the fluidized bed of the sorption charge is ε = 0.6-0.7 with the initial porosity of the fixed bed of the sorption charge ε ₀ = 0.4 [Timonin A.S. Environmental Engineering Handbook. T.2. - Kaluga, 2003. - S. 562].

The choice of sorption charge is determined by the physicochemical properties of the inhomogeneous liquid system, as well as the degree and type of its charge.

contamination, and the following should be considered:

- absorption capacity (exchange capacity) and selectivity (selectivity);

- physical and mechanical properties - abrasion resistance, thermal and chemical resistance, bulk density, fractional composition, specific surface area and so on;

- ability to regenerate;

- technical and economic indicators - cost, availability, availability of production facilities;

- the possibility of use after the service life;

- safety impacts on humans and the environment.

The sorption load volume is also determined by its sorption capacity, bulk density, impurity content in a heterogeneous liquid system and the required degree of purification.

Natural and (or) synthetic porous materials and (or) their compositions possessing ion-exchange properties are used as sorption charges in the national economy and industry.

From natural organic sorption loads, for example, activated carbons are known, which are made by carbonization of raw materials (coal, wood, food waste, pulp and paper and other industries) and activation of the intermediate. The specific surface area of activated carbons is 500-1500 m ² / g.

Of synthetic organic sorption charges, for example, ion exchange resins are known. These are high-molecular compounds obtained by polymerization, polycondensation or chemical treatment of polymers, and are classified into cation exchangers, anion exchangers and ampholytes. The specific surface of ion exchange resins can reach 150 m ² / g.

Synthetic inorganic sorption charges or permutites (highly selective ion exchangers) are obtained by synthesizing a new material, or by modifying a natural material.

Industrial production of these types of sorption feeds includes various energy-intensive processes, so their use should be economically feasible.

Natural inorganic sorption charges in practice can be applied without prior preparation. Sorbents of this type are not deficient, their cost is 10-50 times lower than the cost of synthetic or chemically modified sorbents.

According to the structure and physicochemical properties, inorganic sorption charges can be classified into the following types:

1) amorphous with a gel-porous structure, for example, diatomites, tripoli, flasks;

2) layered:

- with an expanding structure, for example, vermiculite and montmorillonite-bentonites (specific surface area 450-900 m ² / g);

- a rigid structure, for example, talc, kaolinite (specific surface area 20–800 m ² / g), hydromica (specific surface area 400–500 m ² / g);

3) layered tape alumina-magnesium silicates, for example, palygorskite, sepiolite (specific surface area 800-1000 m ² / g);

4) framework aluminosilicates: zeolites, for example, chabazite, modernite, clinoptilolite and others (specific surface area 700-1000 m ² / g), glauconite (specific surface area 120-220 m ² / g), nepheline and others.

In the practice of separation of aqueous suspensions, including in hydrocyclones, sorption charges based on zeolites, glauconites and bentonites have shown high efficiency. In addition, when water treatment in reclamation systems is allowed to use only environmentally friendly materials; the absence of toxicity in zeolites, glauconites and bentonite clays allows their use without restrictions. These natural sorbents have thermal (up to 600 ° C) and acid resistance, ability to ion exchange and regeneration, high filtering characteristics and brightening ability.

Table 1 shows data on the efficiency indicators of the sorption load from the zeolite used for water treatment, in comparison with traditional methods [Independent environmental portal. Zeolites: properties and applications. Access mode: http://info-ecology.ru]. Table 2 shows the sorption properties of glauconite in relation to heavy metals.

In the drawings, in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a hydrocyclone; in FIG. 2 - filter element.

The hydrocyclone contains a cylinder-conical housing 1, including a supply pipe 2 for tangentially introducing a heterogeneous liquid system, a sand 3 and a drain 4 pipe for removal of separation products, a filter element 5 containing an external porous element 6 and an internal perforated frame 7 located coaxially with a gap 8, a filter 9 with sorption loading 10, limited to fixed lower 11 and movable upper 12 nets.

The hydrocyclone works as follows.

The heterogeneous liquid system enters through the supply pipe 2 tangentially into the cylindrical part of the housing 1 of the hydrocyclone. The flow in the hydrocyclone is twisted, heavy fractions, hitting the walls, on the conical part of the housing 1 are lowered down and through the sand pipe 3 are removed from the device. Next, the liquid system, passing through the elements of the drain pipe 4: the filter element 5, containing the outer porous element 6 and the inner perforated frame 7, the filter 9 with the sorption charge 10, is removed from the device into the container of the target product (not shown).

In the filter element 5, fine impurities are removed from the liquid system due to the multilayer filtering process through the outer porous element 6 and the inner perforated frame 7, and in the filter 9 with sorption charge 10, toxic impurities are removed: heavy metals, radionuclides, organic and other substances. In addition, when the liquid system passes through the filter 9 with the sorption charge 10 due to the energy of the liquid, the movable top grid 12, which limits the sorption charge 10, moves upward along the drain pipe 4, and the sorption load 10 goes into the fluidized state.

Thus, an increase in the efficiency of separation of heterogeneous liquid systems from fine and toxic impurities is achieved by filtering through a filter element 5 made in the form of an external porous element 6 and an inner perforated frame 7 arranged coaxially with a gap 8, and a filter 9 with a sorption charge 10, upper a restrictive grid 12 which is arranged to move along the drain pipe 4 of the housing 1 of the hydrocyclone to create a fluidized bed.

Claims (3)

1. A hydrocyclone containing a cylinder-conical housing, including a supply pipe for tangentially introducing a heterogeneous liquid system, a sand and drain pipe for removal of separation products, while the drain pipe at the bottom is equipped with a filter element, characterized in that the filter element is made in the form of coaxially arranged the gap of the outer porous element and the inner perforated frame, and the drain pipe in the upper part is equipped with a filter with sorption loading, limited to the lower and the upper mesh, and the lower mesh is fixed, and the upper mesh is movable along the drain pipe of the hydrocyclone to create a fluidized bed, while the ratio of the height of the sorption charge layer in a stationary state to the height of the sorption charge in a fluidized state is 1: 1.5-2 . 2. Hydrocyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer porous element of the filter element is made of smooth polymer monofilaments, and the perforated frame is made of fiberglass treated with an epoxy compound. 3. A hydrocyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorption charge is made of natural and (or) synthetic porous materials and (or) their compositions having ion-exchange properties with a fractional composition of 0.05-1.0 mm, for example zeolites, glauconites , bentonites, nepheline.

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