RU15626U1 - AEROSOL OPTIMAL DESIGN GENERATOR WITH ADJUSTABLE DISPERSION ON THE K-701 TRACTOR BASIS - Google Patents

Abstract

An aerosol generator of optimal design with adjustable dispersion on the basis of the K-701 tractor mounted in the camber of the rear wheels in front of the tractor hitch, for which a transported trolley with three tanks of working fluids is towed, the drive of which is carried out from the tractor power take-off shaft K-701 through a hydraulic disconnect clutch drive shaft to the compressor drive gearbox, which uses a centrifugal supercharger with a pressure increase of 2.1-2.2 with a specially selected groove the main part, from a high-power diesel engine, the gearbox is a transfer case with a shut-off clutch with a synchronizer from heavy vehicles, while the gearbox and centrifugal pumps are driven from the gearbox, fed from tanks with working fluids from a towed truck, through a hydraulic and pneumatic systems providing the possibility of tank self-filling with working fluids, flushing, preservation of pipelines, pumps and mixing of working fluids from two tanks and feeds the pressure line of the working fluid dispersed in a pneumatic disperser supplied with compressed air from the compressor, characterized in that the pressure line is connected to the working fluid tanks through an adjustment valve and ejectors installed inside the tanks, as well as through a normally open shut-off valve and a fluid line with a pneumatic disperser, nozzles, with the ability to smoothly change the flow cross-sections, with the active zone of the pneumatic disperser, moreover, a normally open shut-off valve is installed in one differential

Description

The utility model is intended for use in agriculture and forestry for dispersing and applying pesticides or other physiologically active substances, including biological products (bacterial and viral), to plants, to protect them from diseases and harmful insects in ways that protect the environment, and for disinfection of premises, livestock and dairy farms, poultry houses, warehouses and storage facilities, etc. It can be used to feed plants.

Known aerosol generator (AS No. 950266; A.01.M 7/00; USSR) mounted on a transport base and containing thermomechanical and pneumatic technological circuits; sources of hot gases and compressed air, an evaporation chamber with a collector and a pneumatic disperser with replaceable air and liquid nozzles, tanks for fuel and working fluids, a system for measuring and controlling the flow of fuel and working fluids, and auxiliary power was used as a single source of hot gases and compressed air aircraft installation (APU).

A disadvantage of the known design is the irrational use of the energy capabilities of aerosol generator equipment. This is explained as follows: aerosol technology is used in areas with flat farming and forests, during processing the vehicle speed does not exceed 10-15 km / h, therefore, under these conditions, the movement of a vehicle, such as, for example, the K-701 tractor with trailer for transporting containers with working fluids and APU, a small, insignificant part of the power is required

engine K-701, in addition, operating in this mode far from the calculated one.

To carry out the process of pneumatic dispersion of working fluids, the work of an aviation APU is used, the efficiency of which is low compared to the efficiency of the K-701 tractor diesel engine due to the small degree of pressure increase in the APU compressor compared to the degree of increase in diesel pressure. . Therefore, the specific fuel consumption of the APU significantly exceeds the specific fuel consumption of a diesel engine. Given that the parameters of the aviation APU for compressed air consumption for pneumatic dispersion of working fluids, with the specific flow rates of the working fluid that are accepted in practice, significantly exceed those required, the specific fuel consumption of the APU per unit specific flow rate of the working fluid is unreasonably large, 5- 7 times the specific fuel consumption of a diesel engine at its full power. The unclaimed part of the engine power of the K-701 tractor can, in its energy capabilities, ensure the operation of the pneumatic dispersion circuit at the specific flow rates of working fluids accepted in practice, if this part of the power is used to drive pumps and a source of compressed air. It should be borne in mind that the K-701 tractor engine will be completely embarrassed, its operation will be carried out at the design mode, that is, at maximum energy efficiency.

Application of the complex: the tractor base for movement and the APU as an energy source for dispersing working fluids is extremely inefficient from an energy point of view, compared to a complex where the tractor base is a source of energy for moving and for dispersing working fluids. In addition, you should pay attention to the fact that the aviation APU is fire hazardous to the environment when applied on the ground, it has an extremely limited resource in time and number of starts, compared with a diesel engine and requires specially trained personnel.

unit piping is not provided for air purging of the working fluid lines, both in the pneumatic and thermomechanical circuits, after the dispersion of the working fluid has stopped, to clean them of fluid residues that can get into the environment in a concentrated form, crystallize and clog the passages in the channels for a liquid, an evaporation chamber and a pneumatic dispersant, since the walls of the channels are heated significantly above the boiling point of liquids. When working, this does not happen, because the liquid in the channels moves and does not have time to crystallize and clog the passage for the short period of time during which it passes through the heated sections of the channels. There is also no rinsing of water lines, kerosene or diesel fuel after one type of working fluid before using another type of fluid. There is no system for preserving pumps, a pneumatic dispersant and an evaporation chamber before long-term storage after a season of work. It is also not intended to mix liquids in containers that can stand up and separate into fractions during long-term parking or moving without work, and when using biological products, where the carrier is powdered casein or kaolin, solid particles together with the biological product may precipitate. There is no possibility of self-filling of containers for working fluids using pumps. All the noted disadvantages reduce the overall efficiency of the device.

The aerosol generator of optimal dispersion is known (see the Handbook "Mechanization of Plant Protection N.N. Veletsky, A.K. Lysov, N.S. Lepekhin, A.A. Tsyrin, Ya.K. Omelyuk. Moscow VO Agropromizdat 1992) mounted on a vehicle - a Ural-5557 car, the drive is carried out by an additional power take-off shaft (DOM), equipped with thermomechanical and pneumatic circuits for dispersing working fluids, tanks for fuel and working fluid, fuel pumps and for working fluid, a compressor, fuel, liquid and in zdushnymi highways, stop and control valves controlling the ash araturoy, self-dressing system.

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Known aerosol generator optimal dispersion has several disadvantages. There is no air purge of the working fluid lines in the combustion chamber and dispersant to clean them of residual liquid, which can lead to the ingress of working fluid in concentrated form into the external environment and clogging of the channel passages in the combustion chamber and dispersant by crystallizing the working fluid from heat from the side the walls of the channels.

There is no system for mixing the working fluid in the tank, which can stand up and separate into fractions during long-term parking and even when moving, and when using biological products, carriers of biological products such as powdered kaolin or casein can precipitate together with biological products.

There is no disconnection of the pumps from the compressor drive during self-filling, when their operation is completely unnecessary and leads to unnecessary consumption of their resource and energy of the drive source.

It is not intended to flush the water lines with water, kerosene or diesel fuel when changing one type of working fluid to another, which can lead to unintended effects on the treated object.

The use of the thermomechanical circuit, as practice shows, is fraught with fire hazard situations, especially when processing closed interferences; Using the Ural-5557 car generator as a source of drive for the generator does not dispense with the thermomechanical mode of operation of the generator, since the available engine power of the Ural-5557 car minus power for travel is insufficient to drive a compressor that is more powerful in terms of flow and air pressure, to create an aerosol of the required dispersion only with a pneumatic dispersant. The K-701 tractor is equipped with an engine, the available power of which for driving the power take-off shaft (PTO) is 3 times higher than that of the Ural-5557 car, which makes it possible to obtain aerosols of the required dispersion spectrum with a pneumatic dispersant.

generator as a whole.

The purpose of the proposed utility model “Aerosol generator of optimal design with adjustable dispersion based on the K-701 tractor is to increase the efficiency and expand the capabilities of the device when creating aerosols of the required extended dispersion spectrum.

Technically, the problem is solved as follows: “An aerosol generator of optimal design with adjustable dispersion on the basis of the K-701 tractor is mounted in the rear wheel camber in front of the tractor towing device, behind which a transportable cart with three tanks of working fluids is towed, the drive of which is from the tractor power take-off shaft K -701 through a standard hydraulic disconnecting clutch with a driveshaft to the compressor drive gearbox, which is used as a centrifugal supercharger with a degree pressure increase 2,, 2 with a specially selected flow part from a high-power diesel engine, and the gearbox is a transfer case with a shut-off splined clutch with a synchronizer from heavy-duty off-road vehicles, while the gear and centrifugal pumps driven from the towed tanks are driven from the gearbox trolleys through hydraulic and pneumatic systems, providing the possibility of tank self-filling with working fluids, flushing, preservation of pump lines and mixing of workers fluids from two tanks and the supply of the working fluid by the pressure line to the pneumatic disperser supplied by compressed air from the compressor, while the pressure in the pressure line pre-determined during calibration of the generator is supported by the discharge of a part of the working liquid from the pressure line to the tanks through ejectors installed inside the tanks, and the flow rate is regulated smoothly by changing the flow cross sections of the nozzles supplying the working fluid to the active zone of the pneumodispersant, moreover, to stop the dispersion of the aerosol, a cut-off apornoy line from pnevmodispergatora and fluid is directed through the ejectors in

tanks, a compressed air is blown into the fluid line of the pneumatic disperser

air from the compressor.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in FIG. 1 - combined kinematic-hydro-pneumatic scheme; FIG. 2 - kinematic diagram of the compressor drive gearbox; FIG. 3 is a general view of the generator based on the K-701 tractor.

The driveshaft 1 (see Fig. 1) from the power take-off shaft with the K-701 tractor hydraulic clutch (not shown in the diagram) transmits rotation to the gearbox 2 of the compressor drive 3, which has its own multiplier 4. The gear pump 5 has an independent gear pump 5 from the gearbox 2 the oil system of gearbox 2 and the multiplier 4, which draws oil from the gearbox cavity 2 through a grid with magnetic plug 6 and supplies a radiator 8 through the filter 7 to the cooling oil, installed to intensify the cooling of the oil opposite the compressor inlet 3, from the 8 m radiator layer enters the multiplier 4, where gravity drained into the gear cavity 2 which also serves oil tank.

The cavity of the gearbox 2 is vented with the atmosphere by a breather 9 integrated in the filler neck. The oil pressure in the system is controlled on the control panel in the K-701 tractor cab (not shown in the diagram) according to the signals of the oil pressure sensor 10 and the sensor 11 of the minimum maximum oil pressure in the system. Oil can be drained from the system through the valve 12. The oil system works continuously when the drive of the power take-off shaft of the K-701 tractor is switched on, thereby eliminating the possibility of drying of the multiplier 4 from the oil before starting the compressor. An air duct 13 is installed on the compressor 3, on which a pneumatic disperser 15 is installed through the outlet 14, a feature of which is the ability to smoothly change the flow cross-sections of the nozzles supplying the working fluid to the active zone of the pneumatic dispersant 15. The elbow 14 consists of several sectors 16 connected by flanges on quick-release clamps. By rotating the sectors 16 relative to each other, it is possible to change the direction of the pneumatic dispersant in a vertical plane from the zenith to an angle of 30 from

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horizon down and in the horizontal plane from 60 to the right to 60 to the left.

Compressor 3 is a centrifugal supercharger with a pressure increase of 2,, 2 with a specially selected flow part, which serves to pressurize a high-power diesel engine. It is selected as a source of compressed air for an aerosol generator, since its power consumption corresponds to the available engine power of the K-701 tractor, and the air parameters in terms of pressure and flow fully provide the ability to disperse that flow; a wide range of aerosol dispersion spectrum.

The air temperature at a degree of pressure increase of 2.1 -2.2 in compressor 3 allows you to disperse biological products without restrictions.

The gearbox 2 is the transfer case of a heavy terrain vehicle and is selected as the drive of the compressor 3 because its kinematic scheme most fully meets the conditions of the task.

The gearbox 2 (see Fig. 2) has two shafts: the bottom 17 and the top 18 interconnected by a spline coupling connecting to the synchronizer 19 and a pair of gears 20 and 21. The lower shaft is connected to the cardan 1, and drives the autonomous oil pump 5 gear system 2 and through a splined coupling with a synchronizer 19 and gears 20 and 21, the upper shaft 18 from which the rotation through the gear 22 is transmitted to the multiplier 4 and the centrifugal pump 23. From the lower shaft 17 from the flange 24 connected to the cardan 1 through the V-belt drive 25, the rotation is transmitted gear pump 26. Pumps 23 and 26 can be powered from any of the tanks 27, 28, 29. Tank 27 is used to place large quantities of drug solutions, tank 28 to accommodate clean undiluted preparations; tank 29 - for placement of washing liquid: water, kerosene, diesel fuel or preserving liquid. Aerosol dispersion control is carried out in two ways: by changing the flow cross sections of the liquid nozzles in the pneumatic disperser 15 (i.e., the flow rate

fluid) and a change in the pressure of the fluid supplied to the pneumatic dispersant 15. This method of controlling the dispersion of the aerosol by controlling the flow rate of the working fluid in the pneumatic disperser itself allows you to save the potential energy of the fluid pressure received by it from the pump (there is no actuation of energy in the flow controllers outside the pneumatic dispersant) and use it to disperse nozzles that supply fluid to the active zone of the pneumatic dispersant, which is an additional contribution to the process of dispersion of the liquid in the pneumatic disperser. Pure undiluted preparations from the tank 28 are sprayed with the greatest degree of dispersion and with low flow rates, and therefore the gear pump 26 giving the greatest pressure at low flows is connected with this tank 28. Through the valve 31, the pump 26 is supplied from the tank 28, and through the valve 32 it supplies liquid to pressure collector 33. When the pump 26 is disconnected from the hydraulic system, the valve 32 is closed, to prevent jamming, it is switched to idle, since the pump 26 is not mechanically switched off, taps 34, 31 and liquid are bypassing the pressure collector 33 pop gives through the ejector 35 into the tank 28 and mixes the liquid in the tank 28. The crane 34 is fully opened, the back pressure at the outlet of the pump 26 is small, therefore, consumption power at idle pump go low. Through the taps 30,36, 37, with the taps 38, 31, 39 closed, the pump 26 can be fed from the tank 27. With the taps 36, 31 closed through the taps 30, 39, the pump 26 can be fed from the tank 29.

Diluted preparations from the tank 27 are dispersed with a lower degree of dispersion and at high costs. Therefore, a centrifugal pump 23, which gives a greater flow rate but low pressure, is connected to the tank 27. Through the valves 37, 38 with the valve 36 closed, the pump is powered from the tank 27 and delivers the liquid through the valve 40 to the pressure collector 33. When the pump 23 is disconnected from the hydraulic system, but mechanically switched on when the valve 40 is closed, the adjustment valve 41 opens and the liquid is supplied through the ejector 42 to the tank 27, mixing the liquid in the tank 27. In this case, the flow rate is set to the minimum, which ensures the minimum power consumption

the pump 23 at idle. With closed valves 37, 39 and open valves 38, 36, 31 and 30, the pump 23 is connected to the tank 28, and with a closed valve 30 and an open valve 39 with the tank 29. The pressure in the pressure head 33 when one of the pumps 23, 26 or both of them are immediately installed before the dispersion starts when the valve 42 is closed for the duration of regulation according to the testimony of the pressure gauge 43 at the level determined during calibration of the generator using the adjustment valve 44, which dumps part of the liquid through the valves 45, 46, ejectors 35, 42 into the corresponding tanks 27, 28 according to which of the tanks 28, 28 id there is fluid flow. In this case, intensive mixing of the liquid in the tanks 27, 28 takes place. When the valve 42 is open, the liquid through the valve 47 enters through the non-return valve 48 to the pneumatic disperser 15. When the dispersion process is stopped, the signal from the cab, from the air system of the tractor K-701 is fed through line 49 compressed air into the pneumatic cylinder 50, which through a system of levers rotates the differential system of valves 47 and 51 (closes the valve 47 and opens the always closed valve 51), while the fluid supply from the pressure collection 33 is cut off from the pneumatic dispersed a 15 and is sent to a tank 27 or 28 corresponding to the pump 23 or 26 through the taps 45 or 46, the ejectors 42 or 35. At the same time, the valve 52 is opened from the action of the pneumatic cylinder 50 and the air from the duct 13 behind the compressor 3 is supplied to the pneumatic disperser 15 to purge the liquid channels from the remains of liquid. The non-return valve 48 prevents air from entering the fluid line. With this position of the differential system of cranes 47 and 51, it is possible to refill the tank 27 through the valve 53 through the filter screen 54 or the tank 28 through the valve 55 and the screen 56 from one of the pumps 23, 26. The valves 47, 51, 52 return to their original position when the supply is stopped compressed air through line 49 to the pneumatic cylinder 50 under the influence of a spring 57. The valve 58 serves to drain from the tank 27, valve 59 to drain from the tank 28, and also to fill the tank 29 with flushing liquid (water, kerosene, diesel fuel or preserving liquid) from the external network or for refueling tanks 27, 28 pumps 23, 26. The crane 60 is used for filling through

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pressure collector 33 into preservative fluid pumps 23, 26 (used engine oil) before long-term storage of the generator. Pressure collector 33 is higher than pumps 23, 26 and is conserved; liquid flows into pumps 23, 26 by gravity.

All cranes, except cranes 47, 51 and 52, are controlled from the K-701 tractor cab, manually, in case of an error in the control, the gear pump is tied with a safety valve 61. Electro-hydraulic remote control from the K-701 tractor cab is possible according to pre-set diagrams of the generator operating modes but, as practice has shown, in the field, such a complication of the generator circuit does not justify itself, frequent breakdowns, failure of units, failure of the circuit elements. With certain skills, manual control is more efficient, reliable and error-free. A considerable role is played here by the cost of the generator, because the cost of remote control of cranes is comparable in magnitude with the cost of all other units.

The generator operates in several modes:

The main mode: one of the pumps is connected to its tank, the other pump is idling, the liquid from the pump through the pressure collection 33 and the valve 47 enters the pneumatic disperser 15. The necessary switching of the valves is described above. The pressure in the pressure head 33 is set before dispersion begins when the valve 42 is closed for the time of adjustment, by the adjustment valve 44, through which part of the liquid is discharged into the corresponding tank and there the liquid is mixed. Compressor 3 is on.

Flushing mode: one of the pumps 23 or 26 is turned on, connected to the tank 29, disconnected from its tank, the other pump is idle, the control valve 44 is turned off, the compressor 3 is turned on, the flushing fluid from the tank 29 is pumped to the pressure tank 33 and on through the pneumatic dispersant 15 is released into the atmosphere. The other pump is flushed in the same way, by switching the corresponding taps, the first pump is switched to idle. After washing and

ten . in disconnecting the drive from the power take-off shaft of the K-701 tractor, it is tuned to a different operating mode of the generator. The mode of formation of the mixture: both pumps 23 and 26 are turned on, each is connected to its tank, the compressor 3 is turned on, the control valve 44 is closed, and the control valves 34 and 41 are open by a certain amount according to the calibration, liquids from both pumps 23, 26 enter the pressure tank 33 and mixed further served in a pneumatic dispersant 15, whence in the form of aerosols to the atmosphere. Self-refueling mode: compressor 3 and pump 23 are turned off, pump 26 is turned on and, by switching the corresponding valves, it is connected to one or another tank to refuel it, moreover, the liquid enters through the pressure collector 33 and valve 51 to the neck of the tanks through valves 53 or 55. Preservation mode: to a tank 29 with a preserving liquid (for example, a mixture of used engine oil and diesel fuel), pumps 23 and 26 are connected in turn by appropriate switching of cranes and all lines and systems are pumped with the ejection of liquid, the pneumatic disperser, when operating We have a compressor, followed by purging of the pneumatic dispersant liquid line with air. Pumps 23 and 26 after preservation of the system, and the mains are filled with undiluted engine oil through the valve 60 and the pressure collection 33. The application of the proposed utility model will expand the capabilities and increase the efficiency of the aerosol generator. 11 Applicants: Yu.M. Zaripov M.D. Akulshin 7 / O.N. Abdrazyakov S

Claims (1)

An optimal aerosol generator with adjustable dispersion on the basis of the K-701 tractor mounted in the camber of the rear wheels in front of the tractor hitch, for which a transported trolley with three tanks of working fluids is towed, the drive of which is carried out from the tractor power take-off shaft K-701 through a hydraulic clutch drive shaft to the compressor drive gearbox, which uses a centrifugal supercharger with a pressure increase of 2.1-2.2 with a specially selected groove the main part, from a high-power diesel engine, the gearbox is a transfer case with a shut-off clutch with a synchronizer from heavy vehicles, while the gearbox and centrifugal pumps are driven from the gearbox, fed from tanks with working fluids from a towed truck, through a hydraulic and pneumatic systems providing the possibility of tank self-filling with working fluids, flushing, preservation of pipelines, pumps and mixing of working fluids from two tanks and feeds the pressure line of the working fluid for dispersion in a pneumatic disperser supplied with compressed air from the compressor, characterized in that the pressure line is connected to the working fluid tanks through the control valve and ejectors installed inside the tanks, as well as through a normally open shut-off valve and a fluid line with a pneumatic disperser, by nozzles, with the ability to smoothly change the flow cross-sections, with the active zone of the pneumatic disperser, moreover, a normally open shut-off valve is installed in one differential an antiphase system, driven by a pneumatic cylinder, together with two normally closed shut-off valves, one of which communicates the pressure line through the ejectors with the working fluid tanks, and the other the liquid line of the pneumatic disperser with the air line from the compressor.