RU155152U1 - DEVICE FOR NAVIGATION-TEMPORARY DEFINITIONS BY SIGNALS OF GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for navigational-temporal determination of the signals of global navigation satellite systems, comprising a reception unit and a frequency conversion of signals, equipped with a receiving antenna, a correlation processing unit associated with it, a decision unit associated with the correlation processing unit, the information output of which forms the information output of the device, as well as a synchronization unit associated with all of the indicated blocks, characterized in that the device comprises up to An additional unit for receiving and frequency converting signals, equipped with its own receiving antenna, and an additional correlation processing unit, associated with the decisive unit, while the receiving antennas of both units for receiving and frequency converting signals are protected from cosmic radiation and oriented in opposite directions, making it possible to receive signals of global navigation satellite systems from all directions. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving antennas are made with fairings made of high-frequency ceramics.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of radio navigation aids and can be used in navigation equipment that provides temporal navigation based on signals from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in the presence of an object in near-Earth space.

GNSS signals (navigation signals) emitted by the respective transmitters located on navigation satellites are noise-like (pseudo-noise) radio signals whose carrier frequency phases are modulated by pseudorandom binary periodic sequences (code sequences), which allow to identify and separate signals of different transmitters on the receiving side , see, for example, book [1] - BC Shebshaevich, P.P. Dmitriev, N.V. Ivantsevich et al. / Network satellite radio navigation systems // 2nd ed., Ed. prof. B.C. Shebshaevich // Moscow, Radio and communications, 1993, S. 28. ... 31, 61 ... 72. Navigation signals also carry service information and system time information. Based on the received navigation signals at the receiving side, navigational-temporal determinations are made, including pseudorange measurements to the respective transmitters. These measurements are made by determining the delays that occur during the propagation of navigation signals from transmitters to the receiver. In this case, methods of correlation processing are used, based on a comparison of the code sequences related to the received navigation signals with their local, time-shifted copies formed in the receiving devices.

Examples of devices providing navigational-temporal determinations based on GNSS signals are presented, in particular, in patents: [2] - RU 2167431 (C2), G01S 5/14, 05/20/2001, [3] - RU 2178894 (C1), G01S 5/14, 01/27/2002.

The generalized block diagram of the devices presented in [2] and [3] contains a block for receiving and frequency converting signals with a receiving antenna, a correlation processing unit associated with it, a decision block associated with a correlation processing unit, and a synchronization unit associated with these blocks . The block of reception and frequency conversion of signals amplifies the signals received by the antenna to the desired level, separates them by frequency subbands, filters and converts frequency (transferring the spectrum of signals to an intermediate frequency). In the block of correlation processing, parallel processing of signals of navigation satellites is carried out, pseudorange to them is determined, as well as integrated pseudo-Doppler frequency shifts of each of the processed signals. These data go to a decisive unit, which performs navigation measurements, giving the consumer information about the location, velocity vector, offset of the time scale and frequency of the reference generator used. The synchronous operation of all blocks is provided by clock signals generated by the synchronization block.

The receiving antenna is a microwave antenna with a circular radiation pattern, providing the ability to receive signals from the upper hemisphere. Structurally, the receiving antenna can be made, for example, similar to the antennas presented in the patents: [4] - US 5568162, H01Q 7/04, H01Q 1/52, 10/22/1996, [5] - US 6040805, H01Q 13/00, 21.03 .2000, [6] - US 6522291 (B1), H04B 7/185, G01S 5/02, 02.02.2003, [7] - RU 2190941 (C1), H05K 1/00, 10/10/2002. The use of an antenna with such a radiation pattern makes it possible, in particular, to make navigational-temporal determinations at objects located in near-Earth space below the zone of location of the GNSS navigation satellite constellation.

As a prototype of the claimed utility model, a device for navigational-temporal determinations by GNSS GLONASS and GPS signals of the frequency range L1, presented in the patent [8] - RU 2146378 (C1), G01S 5/14, 10.03.2000.

The device adopted as a prototype contains a block for receiving and frequency converting signals, equipped with a receiving antenna, a correlation processing unit associated with it, a decision block associated with the correlation processing unit, the information output of which forms the information output of the device, as well as a block associated with all of these blocks synchronization.

The receiving antenna is an antenna with a slightly directional circular radiation pattern, which provides the possibility of receiving GNSS signals from the upper hemisphere.

The signal reception and frequency conversion block contains means that provide amplification of the GLONASS and GPS signals received by the antenna to the desired level, separation of signals by frequency subbands, filtering of signals from noise, frequency conversion (transfer of the spectrum down in frequency) and conversion to a form suitable for subsequent digital processing in the correlation processing unit.

The correlation processing unit contains N channels of correlation processing that are identical in structure, in which the signals of the selected navigation satellites are processed in parallel to obtain service information and radio navigation parameters — data on delays that occur during the propagation of navigation signals from the corresponding navigation satellites to the receiving antenna and integral data pseudo-Doppler frequency shifts of each of the processed signals.

The decisive block contains a computer (processor) and interface tools that connect the processor with all the channels of the correlation processing block. The processor manages the channels of correlation processing, tunes them to the selected navigation satellite, receives pseudorange data from the channels for the individual navigation satellites, processes them together and generates output navigation data that carries information about the location, velocity vector, offset of the device’s time scale and frequency reference generator used.

The synchronous operation of these blocks is provided by clock signals generated by the synchronization block.

The prototype device, as well as the analogs discussed above, provide the possibility of performing navigation-time determination on objects located in near-Earth space only below the location zone of the GNSS navigation satellite constellation, which limits the scope.

The technical result, which is achieved by the claimed utility model, is the creation of a device for navigational-temporal determinations by GNSS signals, capable of functioning in near-Earth space in an expanded, compared with the prototype, area, namely, below the location zone of the GNSS navigation satellite constellation, in the area where the GNSS navigation satellites are located, and also above it. In particular, the claimed device can be located on space objects located in high circular and elliptical orbits.

The essence of the utility model is as follows. A device for navigational-temporal determination of GNSS signals contains a block for receiving and frequency converting signals, equipped with a receiving antenna, a correlation processing unit associated with it, a decision block associated with the correlation processing unit, the information output of which forms the information output of the device, as well as associated with all of these blocks block synchronization. Unlike the prototype, the device contains an additional unit for receiving and frequency converting signals, interconnected with each other and with the synchronization unit, equipped with its receiving antenna, and an additional correlation processing unit, associated with the decision unit, while the receiving antennas of both the receiving and frequency converting signal units are made protected from the effects of cosmic radiation and oriented in opposite directions, providing the possibility of receiving GNSS signals from all directions.

In embodiments of practical importance, the receiving antennas are made with fairings made of high-frequency ceramics.

The essence of the utility model and the possibility of its implementation are illustrated by the structural diagram of the inventive device for navigational-temporal determinations by GNSS signals.

The inventive device for navigational-temporal determination of GNSS signals comprises a first unit 1 for receiving and frequency converting signals with a receiving antenna 2 and a first correlation processing unit 3 associated with it, a second unit 4 for receiving and frequency converting signals with a receiving antenna 5 and a second second one a correlation processing unit 6, as well as a decision unit 7 and a synchronization unit 8. In this case, the decisive unit 7 is connected by the data exchange buses with the correlation processing units 3 and 6, and the synchronization unit 8 is connected by the transmission lines of clock and synchronization signals with the corresponding synchronization and clock inputs of the reception and frequency conversion units 1 and 4 of the signals, the correlation processing units 3 and 6 and decision block 7.

Receiving antennas 2 and 5 are low-directional microstrip microwave antennas with a circular radiation pattern. Antennas 2 and 5 are oriented in opposite directions, providing a pair of the ability to receive GNSS signals from all directions. To protect against the effects of cosmic radiation, antennas 2 and 5 are made with fairings made of high-frequency ceramics, for example, VK-94-1 aY.0.027.002 TU, which can withstand temperatures up to 300 ° C and prevent both thermal breakdown and electrical breakdown due to impact ionization by electrons or ions. In practical implementation, the microstrip GLONASS / GPS antennas for space applications ТСЮИ.464659.114 ТУ with a cowl made of the indicated high-frequency ceramic developed at JSC “Russian Institute of Radio Navigation and Time” (“RIRV”) can be used as receiving antennas.

The decisive unit 7 contains a processor with random access memory and dedicated memory, specialized software and interface tools, its information output forms the information output of the device.

Units 1 and 4 of reception and frequency conversion of signals can be implemented according to a typical scheme for receiving, frequency separation and heterodyne signal conversion of GNSS signals, for example, similar to the scheme presented in patent [9] - RU 2145422 (C1), G01S 1/00, G01S 1 / 04, G01S 1/20, H04B 1/06, 02/10/2000 (Fig. 2). Structurally, blocks 1 and 4 can be made in the form of specialized large integrated circuits (VLSI), for example, similarly to VLSI, the structural diagram of which is presented in patent [10] - RU 2256936 (C1), G01S 5/14, H04B 1/26, 20.07 .2005 (Fig. 1). In practical implementation, blocks 1 and 4 of the reception and frequency conversion of signals can be performed on the basis of the VLSI "Analog Converter" TSUII. 421328.003 TU developed at JSC "RIRV".

Blocks 3 and 6 of correlation processing can be implemented according to a typical scheme of a multi-channel correlator that performs parallel hardware processing of signals from several navigation satellites, for example, similar to the scheme presented in the prototype [8, FIG. 1, 4, blocks 2, 3], and also in the patent [11] - RU 2310212 (C1), G01S 5/14, H04B 7/185, 10.11.2007 (Fig. 1). In this case, the number of correlation processing channels in each of blocks 3 and 6 is determined by the set potentially possible number of simultaneously processed signals. In practical implementation, blocks 3 and 6 of correlation processing can be performed on the basis of the VLSI Correlator-Processor VLSI developed at JSC RIRV. 431261.035 TU.

Block 8 synchronization can be performed similarly to a block that performs the function of the driver of the signals of the timestamps in the prototype device [8, FIG. 2, block 5]. At the same time, for example, an onboard rubidium frequency standard can be used as an external reference generator.

The inventive device for navigational-temporal determinations by GNSS signals works as follows.

The device is located on an object located in near-Earth space. GNSS signals, such as GLONASS and GPS signals, received from the air, are received at the inputs of reception and frequency conversion blocks 1 and 4 of signals from the corresponding receiving antennas 2 and 5. In this case, the receiving antenna 2 receives signals from the upper hemisphere, and the receiving antenna 5 from the lower. If the object is located below the GNSS navigation satellite constellation location zone, signals are received by the receiving antenna 2 and further processed in blocks 1 and 3. If the object is located in the GNSS navigation satellite constellation zone, the signals are received by both antennas 2 and 5 and their further processing is carried out in blocks 1, 3 and 4, 6. If the object is located above the area of the GNSS navigation satellite constellation location, signals are received by the receiving antenna 5 and their further processing is carried out in blocks 4 and 6.

At the same time, in blocks 1 and 4 of the reception and frequency conversion of the signals, the GNSS signals coming from antennas 2 and 5 are amplified to the desired level, the signals are separated by frequency subbands, the signals are filtered out from interference, frequency conversion (transfer of the spectrum down in frequency) and conversion to type suitable for subsequent digital processing in blocks 3 and 6 of the correlation processing.

In blocks 3 and 6 of the correlation processing, the signals of the selected navigation satellites are processed in parallel to obtain service information and radio navigation parameters — data on delays that occur during the propagation of navigation signals from navigation satellites to the corresponding receiving antennas 2, 5 and data on the integral pseudo-Doppler frequency shifts of each from the processed signals.

These data go to the decisive block 7, which controls the operation of blocks 3 and 6, tunes them to the selected navigation satellites, receives pseudo-range data from individual blocks 3 and 6 for the individual navigation satellites, processes them together and generates a common navigation-time solution for all navigation satellites located in the radio-visibility zone of receiving antennas 2 and 5 (i.e. data on location, velocity vector, offset of the on-board time scale and frequency of the reference generator used and etc.).

The synchronous operation of all blocks of the device is provided by clock signals generated by the synchronization unit 8.

The general navigational-temporary solution in the form of an output information signal of the deciding unit 7 is supplied to the information output of the device for further use.

Thus, the above shows that the claimed utility model is feasible and ensures the achievement of a technical result, which consists in creating a device for navigational-temporal determinations by GNSS signals, capable of functioning in near-Earth space in an expanded, compared with the prototype, zone, namely, below the zone the location of the constellation of GNSS navigation satellites, in the area where the constellation of GNSS navigation satellites is located, and also above it. This allows you to use the inventive device on space objects located, in particular, in high circular and elliptical orbits.

Information sources

1. B.C. Shebshaevich, P.P. Dmitriev, N.V. Ivantsevich et al. / Network satellite radio navigation systems // 2nd ed., Ed. prof. B.C. Shebshaevich // M., Radio and communication, 1993.

2. RU 2167431 (C2), G01S 5/14, publ. 05/20/2001.

3. RU 2178894 (C1), G01S 5/14, publ. 27.01.2002.

4. US 5568162, H01Q 7/04, H01Q 1/52, publ. 22.10.1996.

5. US 6040805, H01Q 13/00, publ. 03/21/2000.

6. US 6522291 (B1), H04B 7/185, G01S 5/02, publ. 02/18/2003.

7. RU 2190941 (C1), H05K 1/00, publ. 10/10/2002.

8. RU 2146378 (C1), G01S 5/14, publ. 03/10/2000.

9. RU 2145422 (C1), G01S 1/00, G01S 1/04, G01S 1/20, H04B 1/06, publ. 02/10/2000.

10. RU 2256936 (C1), G01S 5/14, H04B 1/26, publ. 07/20/2005.

11. RU 2310212 (C1), G01S 5/14, H04B 7/185, publ. 11/10/2007.

Claims (2)

1. A device for navigational-temporal determination of the signals of global navigation satellite systems, comprising a reception unit and a frequency conversion of signals, equipped with a receiving antenna, a correlation processing unit associated with it, a decision unit associated with the correlation processing unit, the information output of which forms the information output of the device, as well as a synchronization unit associated with all of the indicated blocks, characterized in that the device comprises up to An additional unit for receiving and converting signals, equipped with its own receiving antenna, and an additional correlation processing unit, associated with the deciding unit, while the receiving antennas of both units for receiving and converting signals are protected from cosmic radiation and oriented in opposite directions, making it possible to receive signals of global navigation satellite systems from all directions. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving antennas are made with fairings made of high-frequency ceramics.

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