RU150354U1 - DEVICE FOR MODELING AND MANUFACTURE OF VOLUME BODIES - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for modeling and manufacturing volumetric bodies, consisting of a computer that works with mathematical models, a controller that receives information about the coordinates, and an executive body that is controlled by the controller, characterized in that the executive body (production stand) contains a desktop consisting from a bed (frame) and a platform mounted above it, with a rigid structure, on which actuators are placed in a certain order and fixed (positional linear electric drives - tuators) having feedback in the form of Hall position sensors, and the state of the actuators is determined by controllers that execute computer commands. 2. A device for modeling and manufacturing volumetric bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that a sheet of material that is capable of stretching and deforming under the influence of actuators is horizontally located (attached to each actuator) above the actuators. 3. A device for modeling and manufacturing volumetric bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that at the end of each actuator fixed tips of a predetermined length are fixed. 4. A device for modeling and manufacturing volumetric bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a modeling stand, consisting of a bed (frame) and a platform mounted above it, having a rigid structure, on which actuators are positioned and fixed (positional linear electric actuators - actuators) having feedback in the form of Hall position sensors, and the state of the actuators is determined by controllers that perform

Description

The invention relates to mechanical devices for modeling and physical reproduction of a template, followed by the manufacture of matrices for molding the product or parts of a bulk product. There are various devices for this purpose. A known method of rapid prototyping is layer-by-layer (additive) creation of a physical object that exactly corresponds to a virtual 3D mathematical model. In this case, all the elements of the created object point by point are sequentially placed according to the coordinates specified by the software. Modeling with 3D printers has many advantages and is ideal for creating small objects from certain materials, but today equipment and materials are very expensive and this method does not solve the technical problem of modeling relatively large objects. A known device for the manufacture of three-dimensional objects, US patent No. 5 121 329 (B22F 3/115; B22F 3/00; B29C 41/36; B29C 41/34; B29C 67/00; G05B 19/4097; G05B 19/4099; G05B 19/41; G06F 015/46), issue date 09 June 1992). This device for the manufacture of three-dimensional physical objects of a predetermined shape through The desired sequentially applied multiple layers of hardening material on the base element includes: a movable head having a channel device connected to a dispensing outlet at one end, whereby said dispensing outlet contains a tip with a nozzle supplying a curing at a given temperature of the material and a device for bringing this material into a liquid state inside the aforementioned channel device, a base element located closely, working close to the aforementioned spray head, and mechanical devices for moving the aforementioned spray head and the aforementioned base element relative to each other in three dimensions along the "X," "Y," and "Z" axes in a rectangular coordinate system in a predetermined sequence and a predetermined way, as well as to shift the aforementioned spray head by a predetermined increasing distance relative to the base element and, as a consequence, relative to each subsequent layer set aside before, for beginnings and the formation of each subsequent layer to form a plurality of layers of the specified material of a predetermined thickness, which grow one on one in succession, as they harden after exiting the specified nozzle, and means for dispensing the above material ejected as a liquid current from the aforementioned nozzle with the predetermined intensity to the aforementioned a base element for forming the aforementioned three-dimensional object while the above-mentioned spray head and the base element of the displacement are relative to each other.

However, the known device has the following disadvantages:

Sophisticated preparation, filing and use of hardening
material for obtaining three-dimensional physical objects.

A lengthy process of successively building up multiple layers at
receiving an object.

Inability to adjust the shape of the obtained object after solidification
its material.

The closest set of essential features to the claimed utility model and adopted as a prototype is the device "Computer automated

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manufacturing process and system ”, US patent number 4,665,492 (B29C 41/36; B29C41 / 34; B29C 67/00; G05B 19/41; G06F 015/46), issue date May 12, 1987, consisting of a computer system, which consists of a computer working with mathematical models, a machine controller, which receives information about the coordinates and the executive body, which controls the controller.

The computer creates a file with coordinates that display a three-dimensional computer model of the object in a three-dimensional coordinate system. A file with coordinates is transmitted and received by the controller, which controls the servo mechanism. The servo mechanism, in turn, controls the movable ejection head, which emits a stream of material particles, which, due to the push or attraction, are directed to the point of the three-dimensional object with the necessary coordinates in the three-dimensional coordinate system. The stream can consist of ejected particles or droplets containing a particular substance, or it can be a stream converted into particles of material already in the chamber, attracted to the seed grain, or to a point with other coordinates.

By moving the working head, or heads, under the control of a computer, in accordance with the information on the coordinates representing the model, a physical three-dimensional object or object can be automatically constructed in accordance with the model, and can be built from seed grain.

Analysis of the technical characteristics of the prototype showed the presence of a number of significant drawbacks.

Presence of complex mechanical drives as part of the prototype.

The material that forms three-dimensional objects is a liquid.

Material hardening time required

small amount of space in which the simulation takes place

Difficult to adjust the shape of the finished product.

The utility model is based on the technical task: to develop a set of equipment for modeling and subsequent production of medium- and large-sized products that have bulk (mainly bas-relief) shapes.

equipment should provide the ability to create a mathematical model
specified volumetric object (subject);

equipment should provide the ability to use created on another
equipment of mathematical models of given volumetric objects (objects);

scale and reduce to a single coordinate system, necessary for further
the exact operation of all components of the equipment;

select the bending lines and planes necessary for reproduction;

project (reproduce) on the executive apparatus, then - the stand selected
for work items;

adjust the geometry of individual bending lines and mathematical planes

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models, at the same time changing the geometry of the projection (the physical model of the future template) on the working surface of the stand, while being able to adjust the physical model on the stand in manual mode, changing, as a result, the shape of the virtual mathematical model, that is, send signals through the controllers to elements of the actuator to change its position, after which, according to the feedback scheme, receive address signals for automatic adjustment of elements of a virtual mathematical model;

receive as soon as possible on the stand a template, shape, (matrix, imprint,
the impression is either convex, negative or indented, positive) of a line or plane with
relief or geometry corresponding to a virtual mathematical model, in
a given scale and with physical properties that allow its use in
as a matrix for further molding;

provide for the combined use of several stands to obtain
templates of large or complex shapes. Subsequently manufactured elements
are combined into a single product;

both manufacturing methods and materials may be different, depending on
dimensions, purpose and other requirements for the product.

The technical task posed can be carried out by the implementation of the claimed “Device for modeling and manufacturing volumetric bodies”, which consists of a computer equipped with software that allows you to create, modify and save a mathematical model of the surface of the object in the given scale and coordinates, a control unit consisting of a system of controllers that receive information about the coordinates, and actuators - stands controlled by controllers. Correction at the stand of the physical model in manual mode with a change, as a result, of the shape of the virtual mathematical model, can be performed by the operator when working directly with the above-mentioned computer, or by means of a remote hand control panel.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a block diagram of a device for the manufacture of volumetric bodies. As shown in the block diagram, the claimed device contains a 3D scanner (1), a computer (2), a controller block (3), a simulation stand (4), a production stand (5), a manual control panel (6).

3D scanning can be used as one of the ways to create a virtual mathematical model of an object, the shape of which is subject to further production.

A mathematical model can be created either using a scanner (1), or by an operator in one of the 3D modeling programs, or by modeling a physical model on a modeling bench (4) by an operator using a manual control panel (6) with its further transformation into a mathematical one, or a model already exists, and is delivered in one way or another commonly used way.

The above methods of creating a mathematical model can be applied, depending on the tasks, either comprehensively or individually.

Computer (2) has sufficient computing power, is equipped with the selected

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a three-dimensional modeling program with the ability to save a mathematical model in one of the formats, and created software that controls the operation of the entire system in a complex.

The control unit for actuators, hereinafter - the block of controllers (3) is a system of controllers coupled to a computer (2) and each of the actuators of the stands (4 and 5) that convert the address signals of the software or operator’s commands given by a computer (2) or from the hand-held remote control (6) into the electrical control signals of a separate actuator for movement to a given positioning point. For manual control, the operator switches the automatic control of the controllers to manual control.

The modeling stand (4) contains a working table consisting of a bed (frame) and a platform mounted above it, having a rigid structure, on which actuators are placed in a certain order and fixed, positional linear actuators are actuators having the required stroke length, sufficient margin of safety on load and feedback in the form of Hall position sensors. A structure forming the working surface is horizontally located (attached to each actuator) above the actuators. It can be made in the form of: a) a sheet of material with the ability to stretch and deform under the influence of actuators, while at the same time maintaining sufficient strength to prevent tearing, b) tips of actuators of a certain, pre-calculated length, having the shape of equilateral triangles in cross section, squares or regular hexagons fixed at the end of each actuator and tightly adjacent to each other (being in the same plane, forming a surface made tight them to each other equilateral triangles, squares or hexagons), and generating the motion actuators change said surface. The projections of the attachment points of the actuators to the working surface on the side, the reverse side of the mount, are positioning points. At these points, mini touch or pressure sensors are located.

The production stand (5) is identical to the modeling stand (4) except that its working surface does not have mini touch or pressure sensors, and it can be an integral part of production equipment, for example, used as a matrix in vacuum molding equipment.

The manual control panel (6) is a touch screen interfaced with the operation of all components of the equipment through a computer (2). The software allows the operator on the above screen to observe and highlight a specific control point (actuator) and to manually adjust its position to the desired value.

The equipment, using the appropriate software, solves the problem of determining the coordinates of the surface of a virtual mathematical model relative to a virtual base site in virtual control points and generating control signals for actuators located on a production stand (5), similar to the location of virtual control points, production stand (5) , in turn, has a geometry similar to a virtual base

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site. The occupation by each of the many actuators of the positioning points corresponding to the coordinates of the control points of the virtual mathematical model solves the problem of physically reproducing the relief of the object’s plane on the working surface of the production bench (5). Another task of equipment equipped with appropriate software is to be able to obtain information about changes in coordinates at positioning points when correcting a mathematical model by an operator using a hand control panel (6) and subsequent correction of a physical model at the stands. And also receive signals from position and pressure sensors, process and visually display them on a computer monitor screen (2).

The claimed utility model works as follows

Option 1 (without the use of a simulation stand (4) on one base site)

The object is selected, its mathematical model is created using one of the above methods. The dimensions of the manufactured product are set.

The operator forms a virtual base platform lying in one plane (the future base of the product or its component part) and places a virtual mathematical model over the entire plane of the object above it, taking into account the technical capabilities of the actuators - the actuator stroke length and the specified maximum height of the future product. Then the operator places in the plane of the base platform the projection of the executive apparatus - the production stand (5) with the geometry similar to its physical prototype, the number and order of placement of positioning points, scales and, if necessary, divides the mathematical model of the surface of the object into the required number of components in accordance with the dimensional data of the stand (5) and the objectives of the subsequent production. In this case, the operator places a part of the mathematical model of the product’s surface selected for work on the virtual projection of the stand. After reducing the virtual projection of the stand and the selected part of the mathematical model into a single coordinate system (along two horizontal axes), the software measures the height from the control points on the base surface to the corresponding points on the surface of the mathematical model (third axis). In the initial position, all actuators occupy the "zero" position and the working surface is even. By measuring the distances and thereby obtaining the coordinates of the control points required for positioning, the software generates address signals proportional to the measured distances to the controller unit as mismatch signals. The controllers, in turn, addressly issue electrical signals to control the actuators, which, having worked them out, push their operating rods to the positioning points and stop in this position. The actuator position sensors signal on the computer monitor (2) about their serviceability and their occupation of the required position.

The operator is able to visually assess the quality of the formed physical model at the selected scale and, if necessary, adjust the details or return to its original position and select a different scale.

Example 1

A variant of the example operation of the claimed device:

1. We have a stand (5) with dimensions of the working surface of bOOhbOOmm. Prototype

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of the actuator, we select a Haydon hybrid linear actuator in the External version (screw through the housing) with housing dimensions of 28x28 mm., stroke of the working rod 250 mm. and a force of 60 N. Actuators are arranged in 20 rows of 20 pieces in one row, the distance between the centers of the working rods is 30 mm.

We have a three-dimensional mathematical model of one side of a certain coin,
diameter of the original is 60 mm. and the maximum height of a pronounced embossed
structures 1.0 mm.

We have the set of equipment indicated on the block diagram, with the exception of the stand
modeling (4).

4. We set the task: to make a bas-relief that accurately reproduces an object (coin), the mathematical model of which we have, in a given size of 6000x6000 mm. and a relief height of 100 mm, i.e. get an image of a 100 times magnified subject.

Placing actuators in a certain order on the stand is a basic coordinate system that is taken into account by the software, and under the virtual projection of which the operator brings a larger or smaller area of the mathematical model, thereby changing the scale of the future shape (cast).

In the above example, the operator virtually puts the image of the object (coin) created using the mathematical model into a square, which divides the grid into equal 10x10 = 100 shares also in the form of a square, that is, in the form of a stand, enlarging the image on the monitor to sizes convenient for work. Each of the 100 parts of the mathematical model is alternately brought into a single coordinate system with the base control points of the actuators, of which in the given example we have 400 pieces.

Having imposed a mathematical model with a relief image on the basic “grid”, we get that each of the control points (actuators) will have its own positioning point. The software and controller system solves the final problem by occupying each of the 400 actuators in a physical position in accordance with the given coordinates of points in a virtual mathematical model.

Each of the 100 obtained forms, sequentially modeled and reproduced at the stand, can be realized (made) from various materials having the properties of taking a given shape with subsequent hardening and in various ways, after which they can be combined into a single product.

To obtain a product whose height of elements exceeds the technical capabilities of the production stand (5) along the actuator stroke length, modeling is performed on base planes located in the form of a pyramid, a group of pyramids or a polyhedron, the elements of which are modeled additionally and mounted as a frame.

It is also possible to divide the mathematical model not only into squares, but also into other geometric shapes that are convenient for further transportation and installation, which occupy dimensions that do not exceed the dimensions of the production stand (5) - rectangles, rhombuses, regular hexagons, shapes that go during installation " “,” one example of such a connection is the combination of puzzle elements of the puzzle type .

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As a result, we obtain a device for the manufacture of a template, or the form by which the production of individual elements of the product is performed - a three-dimensional object on the necessary scale.

Option 2 using a simulation bench (4) at two base sites.

1. We have simulation stands (4) in the amount of two units, each of which is identical in size and configuration to the production stand (5) above in “option 1”, additionally equipped with mini-pressure sensors, as indicated in the description of the simulation stand (4) .

2. We have an identical production stand (5), which is part of the equipment for molding, and a set of equipment shown in the block diagram.

3. We set the tasks: 1) Create a three-dimensional mathematical model of the object for sitting, taking into account the requirements for ergonomics of the seat, individual physical parameters and the anatomical features of a particular person, hereinafter - the customer.

2) Make the base of the item for sitting (seat and back), corresponding in the form of a mathematical model and in accordance with a given scale.

The solution to the first problem (creating a model) is carried out in two stages: preliminary and

finite. At the preliminary stage, one modeling stand (4) is located in

horizontal position so that the work surface is at a height

corresponding to the physical parameters of the customer and the requirements for ergonomics of the seat

(the legs are bent at a right angle and stand firmly on the floor, etc.). Preliminary

(draft) mathematical model of the seat can be obtained either using a 3D scanner

or by correct (in accordance with ergonomics) landing of the customer on the working

stand surface. In this case, pressure sensors record the involved control points, and the operator determines the total

load, distributes pressure to the above points, maintaining a balance (75%

the load falls on 20-25 cm square. areas of sciatic tubercles, etc.). Since the sensors

pressures work in a constant mode and give out address signals, and involved

control points (and their corresponding actuators) occupy a definable

software position at which the sensor readings

set values and the entire system of actuators takes

corresponding position and is fixed. If necessary

visual inspection, and individual sections are adjusted using the manual remote control

management (6). When the seat is satisfactory to the customer

scanning of the back area with the creation of a “draft” version of the mathematical model

backs. From the back, it is installed at a certain angle to the plane of the seat

and at a short distance the second modeling stand (4). While creating

mathematical model of the back (as an example), it can be equipped, in contrast

from the first, not by pressure sensors, but by touch sensors. After customer acceptance

level position, all actuators at the command of the operator begin to move, and continue it until the client touches the back, taking into account his anatomical

features. The operator determines the working area, and the actuators whose corresponding points are outside the working area are disabled, and all actuators in the working area

continue to move until touching, after which the position obtained

fixed. At the final (finishing) stage, the operator according to the instructions of the client, or himself

client (previously familiarized with the terms of use) using touch

the screen of the hand control panel (6) controls the position of specific actuators, then

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There are models at the same time "trying on" the future basis of the subject for sitting to a satisfactory result. The mathematical model in its final form can be obtained both with the help of a 3D scanner, and by receiving address signals from actuator position sensors and created in a computer program using positioning control points in a given coordinate system. A file is created in which this mathematical model is stored in one of the formats, this file is delivered to the place of further use in one way or another in a commonly used way.

The second task (manufacturing an object) is solved similarly to the first example, except that the specified scale does not change, that is, the mathematical model is not divided by the operator into sections. Let us assume that the production stand (5) is an integral part of the equipment for vacuum molding and occupies the position of a matrix (the initial form having protection against overheating). The operator on the computer monitor (2) places the selected mathematical model of the seat in the plane and coordinates corresponding to the plane and control points of the actuators of the production stand (5). The equipment complex reproduces the physical form corresponding to the mathematical model at the indicated stand, and the vacuum molding equipment according to the specified form produces the desired product from the selected sheet material. After that, all the above actions are performed with a mathematical model of the back of the subject for sitting.

As a result of the implementation of the claimed technical solution, we obtain

a complex of equipment for modeling and subsequent production of medium- and large-sized products having bulk (mainly bas-relief) forms, which:

provides the ability to create a mathematical model of a given volumetric
object (subject)

provides the ability to use created on other equipment
mathematical models of given volumetric objects (objects)

-allows you to scale and reduce into a single coordinate system, necessary for the further accurate operation of all components of the equipment;

-allows you to select the bending lines and planes necessary for reproduction;

-allows you to project (play) on the executive apparatus, then - the stand, the elements selected for work;

-allows you to adjust the geometry of individual lines of bends and planes of the mathematical model, while changing the geometry of the projection (physical model of the future template) on the working surface of the stand.

allows you to adjust the physical model at the stand in manual mode, changing how
consequence, the form of a virtual mathematical model.

allows you to receive a template, shape, (matrix,
imprint, print as convex, negative and indented, positive) lines or
planes with relief or geometry corresponding to virtual mathematical

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models, on a given scale and with physical properties, allowing its use as a matrix for further molding.

- allows the combined use of several stands to obtain patterns of large or complex shapes.

Claims (6)

1. A device for modeling and manufacturing volumetric bodies, consisting of a computer that works with mathematical models, a controller that receives information about the coordinates, and an executive body that is controlled by the controller, characterized in that the executive body (production stand) contains a desktop consisting from a bed (frame) and a platform mounted above it, with a rigid structure, on which actuators are placed in a certain order and fixed (positional linear electric drives - tuators) having feedback in the form of Hall position sensors, and the state of the actuators is determined by controllers that execute computer commands. 2. A device for modeling and manufacturing volumetric bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that a sheet of material with the ability to stretch and deform under the influence of actuators is horizontally located (attached to each actuator) above the actuators. 3. A device for modeling and manufacturing volumetric bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that at the end of each actuator fixed tips of a predetermined length are fixed. 4. A device for modeling and manufacturing volumetric bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a modeling stand, consisting of a bed (frame) and a platform mounted above it, having a rigid structure, on which actuators are placed in a certain order and fixed ( linear positional actuators - actuators) having feedback in the form of Hall position sensors, and the state of the actuators is determined by controllers that execute computer commands, equipped with touch or pressure sensors i. 5. A device for modeling and manufacturing volumetric bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a manual control panel that receives information from a computer working with mathematical models, and receives and transmits operator commands to a computer working with mathematical models. 6. A device for modeling and manufacturing volumetric bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a scanning device.

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