RU147554U1 - SOWING UNIT OF PNEUMANIC ACTION - Google Patents

Abstract

A pneumomechanical sowing apparatus containing a source of compressed air, a seed hopper, seed tube, perfodisk, pulse shaper, characterized in that it is equipped with a pneumatic distributor connected by an actuating pneumatic line with a pneumatic cylinder, inside of which a piston with a rigidly fixed plunger having a rigidly fixed plunger having a transverse channel in the form of a through hole entering the housing, containing holes for connection with the hopper, vas deferens and exhaust pneuma the channel connected to the pneumatic distributor.

Description

The proposed device relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to precision seeders and can be used for accurate sowing of soybean seeds.

Known pneumatic jet metering device containing a source of compressed air, a hopper for seeds, associated with the channel for accumulating seeds and a tedding chamber, communicating with the output of the pneumatic pulse generator, a directing channel with a sowing nozzle and a cutting nozzle, seed tube, perfodisk with supply and receiving nozzles, shaper pulses, the input of which is connected with the receiving nozzle (patent RU No. 2225795, A01C 7/04 publ. 10.06.2008).

A disadvantage of the known sowing apparatus is the instability of the settings of the technological parameters, leading to a violation of the accuracy of sowing.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed utility model is a pneumatic jet metering device comprising a source of compressed air, a seed hopper connected to a seed accumulation channel and a tedding chamber communicating with the output of a pneumatic pulse generator, a guide channel with a seeding nozzle and a cutting nozzle, seed tube , perfodisk with supply and receiving nozzles, pulse shaper, discrete monostable inkjet element, the direct output of which is connected to the cutting nozzle, control input which is connected with the output of the pulse shaper, and the power channel of which is connected through an adjustment choke to a source of compressed air (patent RU No. 115148, A01C 7/04 publ. 04/27/2012).

The disadvantages of the known sowing apparatus are the complexity of the design, the instability of the settings of the technological parameters, leading to a violation of the accuracy of sowing.

The purpose of the proposed utility model is to simplify the design, ensuring stable accuracy of seeding.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the metering device of pneumomechanical action, containing a hopper, a source of compressed air, a pneumatic line, a perforated disk with an electric switch, is equipped with a pneumatic distributor, a pneumatic cylinder and a piston connected to the plunger.

When the direction of air flows in the pneumatic line changes, the reciprocating movement of the piston with the plunger takes place, which captures, moves the seed to the vas deferens and simultaneously blocks the exit of the next seed from the hopper, which eliminates violations of the accuracy of sowing.

According to available information, the totality of the available features characterizing the essence of the claimed utility model is not known from the level of agricultural machinery, which will allow us to conclude that meets the criterion of "novelty."

In FIG. 1 - shows a General view of the proposed device;

in FIG. 2 A and 2 B - the position of the structural elements of the device during duty cycles.

The device consists of a compressed air source 1, a pneumatic distributor 2, a pulse shaper 3, a photodetector 4, a perforated disk 5, a light emitter 6, an executive pneumatic line 7, a pneumatic cylinder 8, a piston 9, a plunger 10, a housing 11, a seed hopper 12 and a seed tube 13, an exhaust pneumatic channel fourteen.

The compressed air source 1 is connected to a pneumatic distributor 2 controlled by a pulse shaper 3. The input of a pulse shaper 3 is connected to a photodetector 4, next to which a perforated disk 5 is mounted rotatably and uniformly spaced from the center of rotation. A light emitter 6 is installed opposite the photodetector on the opposite side of the punched disk. The pneumatic distributor 2 is connected by an actuating pneumatic line 7 to a pneumatic cylinder 8, inside of which a piston 9 is mounted with a plunger 10 rigidly mounted on it. A housing 11 is fixedly and coaxially connected to the pneumatic cylinder, into which the plunger 10 is mounted with the possibility of axial movement. In the housing 11, holes are made for connection with the output channel of the seed hopper 12, the vas deferens 13 and the discharge pneumatic channel 14. The holes for connection with the vas deferens and the pneumatic channel are located coaxially on opposite walls of the casing. In the plunger 10, a transverse channel is made in the form of a through radial hole equal in diameter to the output channel of the seed hopper 12 and seed tube 13. The discharge pneumatic channel 14 is also connected to the pneumatic distributor 2.

The device operates as follows. During the movement of the seeder from its support wheel, the perfodisc 5 is rotated. At the angular position of the perfodisc corresponding to the location of one of its holes between the photodetector 4 and the light emitter 6, optical communication occurs, as a result of which the photodetector 4 transmits a signal to the input of the pulse shaper 3, the output signal from which it is transmitted to the actuator of the pneumatic distributor 2. The executive throttle of the pneumatic distributor 2 directs the compressed air along the pneumatic line 7 to the chamber A of the pneumatic cylinder 8 (Fig. 2). Under the influence of air pressure in this chamber, the piston 9 moves with the plunger 10. At the same time, the air displaced from the opposite chamber of the pneumatic cylinder 8 is returned via the pneumatic line to the free channel of the throttle valve 2 connected to the environment. With the extreme position of the piston 9, corresponding to the maximum volume of the chamber A of the pneumatic cylinder, the transverse channel of the plunger 10 is aligned with the output channel of the hopper 12. In this case, the seed from the hopper moves into the channel of the plunger.

With further movement of the seeder, the perfodisk 5 rotates, shifting the hole and thereby interrupting the optical connection between the photodetector 4 and the light emitter 6. The absence of an electrical signal at the input of the pulse shaper 3 leads to a change in the position of the executive throttle of the pneumatic distributor 2, as a result of which compressed air is directed through the pneumatic line into the chamber B of the pneumatic cylinder 8 and leads to the reverse movement of the piston 9. Simultaneous movement of the plunger 10 in the housing 11 leads to the movement of the captured seed to seed tube 13. At the extreme position of the piston 9, corresponding to the maximum volume of the chamber B of the pneumatic cylinder 8, the transverse channel of the plunger 10 is combined with the holes of the seed tube 13 and the exhaust pneumatic channel 14. The air displaced from the chamber A of the pneumatic cylinder 8 is returned to the throttle channel 2 of the pneumatic distributor 2 connected to the outlet air channel 14. At the output of the exhaust air channel 14, the air meets the seed and pushes it from the channel of the plunger 10 into the vas deferens 13.

With further rotation of the perfodisk 5, the described seeding and ejection cycles are repeated.

Simplification of the design of the proposed device compared to the prototype was achieved due to the lack of a seed accumulation channel, a tedding chamber, a pneumatic pulse generator, a guide channel with a seeding nozzle and a cut-off nozzle, a jet discrete monostable element, and an adjusting throttle.

The stability of the accuracy of sowing seeds is ensured by the presence of a plunger, which simultaneously performs a reciprocating motion relative to the stationary body, capturing the seed from the hopper, moving the seed to the vas deferens and simultaneously blocking the output of the next seed. Thus, spontaneous movement of seeds to the vas deferens is prevented, and the frequency of the cycles of the plunger with the seed is directly proportional to the speed of the seeder and the rotation of the perfodisk, due to which the seeds will be sown with the same step.

Thus, the use of the proposed device is more efficient than using the prototype device.

Claims (1)

A pneumomechanical sowing apparatus containing a source of compressed air, a seed hopper, a seed tube, a perforated disc, a pulse shaper, characterized in that it is equipped with a pneumatic distributor connected by an executive pneumatic line to a pneumatic cylinder, inside of which a piston with a rigidly fixed plunger having a rigidly fixed plunger having a transverse channel in the form of a through hole entering the housing, containing holes for connection with the hopper, vas deferens and exhaust pneuma the channel connected to the pneumatic distributor.

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