RU146778U1 - COMPOSITE METAL PRODUCT WITH ANTIFRICTIONAL AND STRENGTHENING METALOKERAMIC SURFACE SERVIC LAYER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A composite metal product with a cermet surface layer, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer obtained from serpentine Mg [SiO] (OH) with disseminated magnetite FeO.2. The composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening metal-ceramic surface servo layer obtained from serpentine Mg [SiO] (OH) with disseminated magnetite FeO with a ratio, wt.%: Serpentine 65-80 impregnated magnetite 20-30 impurities not more than 53. The composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening metal-ceramic surface servo layer obtained from serpentine Mg [SiO] (OH) with disseminated magnetite FeO, magnesite MgCO and magnesian o-ferrous silicate (MgFe) [SiO] (OH) with a ratio, wt.%: serpentine 65-80 magnetite 10-25 magnesite 5-15 magnesian-ferrous silicate 2-74. A composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of an increased resource part, for example, a wheel flange for a pair of wheels of a wagon of railroad cars, a finger for machines, mining machinery and equipment, a rod of rail car dampers, a forearm, a crankshaft, a shaft neck for plain bearings, ball bearings. 5. A composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening metal-ceramic surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite no larger than 50-300 nm. 6. Composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains

Description

State of the art

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to metal products of increased life, for example, wheel flanges for wheelsets of wagons of railroad cars, fingers for machines, mechanisms and equipment of the mining industry, rods of car dampers, hardened spindles, crankshafts, necks of bearing shafts sliding, ball bearings with enhanced tribotechnical characteristics, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

Technical field

It is known that in friction pairs operating at contact pressures P = 2.5–20 MPa and sliding velocities V = 0.5–3.0 m / s, the action of contacting metal parts on the surface allows increasing machine life and reducing friction losses.

Friction materials science is a rapidly developing area in the science of friction and wear, since it is with this line that the solution to the main problem of mechanical engineering is connected - ensuring the durability of moving joints. One of the solutions to this problem is to increase the wear resistance of friction pairs by studying the mechanism of surface destruction during friction. A special role belongs to the consideration of factors of chemical and physicochemical interaction of deformed surface volumes and lubricant of different nature and properties [1, 2].

The wear resistance of the surface very significantly also depends on the friction conditions (dry, semi-dry, liquid), the magnitude of the loads, the strength properties of the material and chemical resistance, the height and shape of the bumps and the degree of their change during operation, the direction of the bumps. For all types of friction, the influence of the altitude parameters Ra, Rz, Rmax on wear resistance depends on the friction conditions.

According to P.Ε. Dyachenko, the dependence of wear on the height of bumps is in a certain range of an exponential nature. An increase in the height of irregularities to a certain value leads to a decrease in wear, since on very clean surfaces there is a molecular setting (adhesion) of tightly contacting sections of the surfaces with subsequent breaking of bonds (tearing of particles), which is facilitated by the extrusion of lubricant and poor wettability of surfaces of increased smoothness, and also form areas of mechanical engagement and destruction of irregularities.

Among the various ways to increase the wear resistance of the surface of metal parts, the main traditional methods are cementation, nitrocarburizing, nitriding.

Currently, environmentally friendly technology is increasingly used by ultrasonic plastic deformation of metal surfaces with serpentinite modifiers, since the surface quality of products and parts in friction pairs has 2-5 times higher wear and corrosion resistance, and does not require additional processing.

Known metal products made by pressure using the energy of ultrasound, which are used in the finishing of the surfaces of metal parts to increase the hardness of the surface layer, reduce roughness and reduce the coefficient of friction, and in general they provide for exposure of the surface to be treated with ultrasonic mechanical vibrations by means of an acoustic instrument connected with an ultrasonic electromechanical transducer, or working fluids, on which The superimposed ultrasonic field [3].

However, the possibilities of these known methods for improving the tribotechnical, strength and anticorrosive characteristics of the treated surfaces are very limited, since these methods are associated only with plastic deformation and increasing the purity of the treated surfaces, but not with their modification, for example, by creating a ceramic-metal surface layer. In addition, for the same reason, these known methods do not allow to increase the corrosion resistance of surfaces and restore worn metal surfaces.

Known methods for processing friction parts, which in their common part include the manufacture of a mixture of lubricating oil and a metal-containing additive, supplying the manufactured mixture to the friction zone and running-in of friction parts in operational or close to it mode [4]. In this case, as a metal-containing additive, use:

- pieces of tin, antimony or bismuth alloy placed in the lower part of the oil sump of the mechanism in an amount of 75.0-96.5% of the mass of the alloy with sodium in the amount of 3.5-25.0% of the mass of the alloy or of the alloy of tin, antimony or bismuth in the amount of 90.0-98.8% by weight of the alloy with lithium in the amount of 1.2-10.0% by weight of the alloy, as well as halogens added to the lubricating oil, for example, iodine, bromine, chlorine or fluorine in the amount of 0 , 02-0.08% by weight of the alloy [SU 152601, 1969];

- composition of copper powder in the amount of 16-20% by weight of the mixture with lubricating oil, lead powder in the amount of 4-6% by weight of the mixture and polytetrafluoroethylene powder in the amount of 1-2% by weight of the mixture [SU 1196552, 1985];

- composition of powders of copper or zinc and abrasive particles, for example, aluminum oxide with a particle size of up to 10 microns [SU 1668471, 1991].

These known methods using a mixture of lubricating oil with metal-containing additives provide an increase in the wear resistance of the product surface only due to a decrease in the friction coefficient due to either leveling of the surface when the additive particles fill in microroughnesses of the friction surfaces or the formation of chemical compounds with high antifriction properties on the surface. In some cases, this is accompanied by the formation of the thinnest films on the friction surfaces, slightly compensating for their wear.

However, the disadvantages of these technologies are low strength and corrosion resistance of friction surfaces obtained with their help. In addition, the process of formation of a film on the friction surface is associated with running-in in the operating mode or close to it, which limits the scope of application of these known methods, since it allows them to be used for the treatment of only friction surfaces and solely for in-place repair of the mechanism.

Known methods for modifying and restoring friction surfaces with a predominant iron content, which provide for obtaining a ceramic-metal coating on friction surfaces and in the common part include the manufacture of a finely dispersed composition from natural minerals, introducing the manufactured composition into an organic binder, usually a regular lubricating oil, placing the mixture composition with an organic binder in the friction zone and running-in in the operational or close to it mode [5].

In these methods, as a mixture of finely divided composition of natural minerals with an organic binder, use:

- a mixture of worn natural quartz in an amount of 0.1-5.0% by weight of the mixture and an organic binder in an amount of 95.0-99.9% by weight of the mixture [SU 1601426, 1990];

- a mixture of an abrasive-like powder with a binder, for example, dispersed stearin, the abrasive-like powder containing serpentine in an amount of 51-60% by weight of the powder, talc in an amount of 20-40% by weight of the powder and sulfur, pyrrhotite, enstatite and fayalite taken in equal proportions a total of 8-10% by weight of the powder [RU 2035636, 1995];

- a mixture of abrasive-like mineral powder with a dispersion of 4-10 microns, for example in an amount of 2% by weight of the mixture, and a binder, for example in an amount of 98% by weight of the mixture, said abrasive-like mineral powder containing chrysotile in an amount of 20-40% by weight of the powder, kaolinite in an amount of 40-60% by weight of the powder, lanthanum oxide in an amount of 2-4% by weight of the powder, yttrium oxide in an amount of 2-4% by weight of the powder, alumina in an amount of 2-8% by weight of the powder and iron oxide in the amount of 6-7% by weight of the powder [RU 2093719, 1997];

- a mixture of finely dispersed repair and restoration composition containing 50-80% by weight of the composition ofite, 10-40% by weight of the composition of jade and 1-10% by weight of the composition of schungite, with standard grease [RU 2135638, 1999].

As follows from the descriptions of these inventions, in the process of forming a cermet coating during operation of the machine under the influence of friction, the temperature in the microvolumes of the friction surfaces reaches values at which substitution reactions of magnesium atoms occur at the sites of the crystal lattices of natural minerals included in the finely divided composition used iron atoms from the crystal lattices of steel or an alloy of iron from which friction surfaces are made. In this case, new heteroatomic crystals with longer spatial structures are formed, which contributes to the formation of a cermet coating that compensates for the previous wear of the friction surfaces. The formed cermet coating has a low coefficient of friction, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

Obtained using these known methods, ceramic-metal coatings of metal products have low durability due to brittleness and possible delamination, as well as uneven thickness and heterogeneity of the structure, which is caused not by a controlled, but spontaneous process of their formation in the contact areas of the rubbing parts during the running-in stage in the operational or close to it, not allowing to obtain cermet coatings with the desired desired parameters.

These cermet coatings can only be formed on metal surfaces with a predominant iron content, and therefore the known methods mentioned cannot be used to create cermet coatings on the surfaces of parts made of other metals and alloys.

In addition, the process of forming a cermet coating is associated with running-in in the operating mode or close to it, which limits the scope of these known methods, as it allows them to be used for the purpose of modifying and restoring only friction surfaces and exclusively for in-place repair of the mechanism.

There is a method of in-place recovery of rubbing joints of metal products, according to which, to improve the wear resistance, durability and corrosion resistance of a ceramic-metal coating, a modifying rubbing surface is made of a repair and restoration composition based on a powder with a dispersion of 10-30 microns from natural minerals or a mixture of natural minerals containing 40-55 wt.% amorphous silicon dioxide, and catalysts based on shungite and rare earth metals in an amount of 0.02-2.00% by weight of repair and recovery fixed composition, the technological environment is made by mixing the repair and restoration composition in an amount of 0.15-20.00% by weight of the technological medium with a liquid organic binder, for example, with the base oil of the rubbing compound, the technological medium is fed into the friction zone and by mechanical activation of the technological medium under operational load, coatings are formed on the surfaces of the rubbing joints, restoring their previous wear [6].

A known method of coating a friction surface, in which to increase the durability of the coating by improving adhesion to the surface to be treated, the coating is applied by rubbing in a pseudo-boiling layer of a powdered solid lubricant such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide, and the lubricant particles are informed by ultrasonic vibrations oriented relative to the rubbed surface in radial and tangential directions [7].

These methods do not provide high durability of the coating due to insufficient adhesion to the treated surfaces.

Known methods of using serpentinite as an antifriction agent and a means of creating a ceramic-metal coating on the surface of metal products.

A known method of forming a servo-like film on contacting and rubbing surfaces is that to increase the mechanical properties of the film, the life and reliability of the rubbing surfaces, a mechanically activated mixture of an abrasive-like substance with a binder is preliminarily placed between the rubbing surfaces, while natural serpentinite with a dispersion of 0.001 is used as an abrasive-like powder -1 μm in an amount of 2-40 wt.% [8].

A known method of forming a servo-like film on friction surfaces is that a pre-activated mixture of abrasive-like powder is placed between the friction surfaces of the elements of the friction pair in an organic binder, after which the friction surfaces of the elements are worked-in, according to which an activated mixture containing the following ingredients is used, wt.% : natural serpentinite 0.5-40.0 (Pechengovskoye field), sulfur 0.1-5.0, surfactant 1-40, organic binder - the rest, and before placing a of the mixed mixture between the friction surfaces of the elements, the element of the friction pair with greater hardness is brought into contact with the technological element with equal or greater hardness, said activated mixture is first placed between them, while the processed element is magnetized and connected to the negative pole of the current source, and the technological element to the positive the pole, then the aforementioned friction surfaces are run-in, after which the technological element is replaced by the element of the friction pair [9].

A known method of forming a servo-like film on rubbing surfaces, comprising placing a composition of crushed, previously mechanically activated abrasive-like powder and a binder between the rubbing surfaces, according to which natural serpentinite containing, wt.%: MgO, CaO 20 is used as an abrasive-like powder -60, SiO _4, Al ₂ O ₃ 20-60, H ₂ O 3-10, 3-10 impurity species, and provisional mechanoactivation produce a pressure pulsation of 0.1-1 MPa at 40-100 ° C, placing cm B and burnishing the friction surfaces is carried out at a temperature mechanical activation [10].

A common drawback that limits and even makes impossible the practical use of these solutions is the uncertainty of the mineralogical and chemical composition of “natural serpentinite”, since it is known that serpentinite is a rock that includes serpentine Mg ₆ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ in and other minerals, in particular talc Mg ₃ Si ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ , pyrrhotite FeS, enstatite MgSiO ₃ , fayalite (Fe _0.94 Mg _0.06 ) as a base element, comprising at least 50% of the total rock volume ₂ SiO ₄ and others, the number of which can reach up to 100, without taking into account the “traces” chemically x elements. In addition, in various serpentinites, serpentine is contained in various phases - antigorite, chrysotile, lysorditis, etc.

The impurities of minerals and elements included in the composition of serpentinite, in particular, create a characteristic color, therefore thousands of species are known only for ornamental and facing serpentinite. The vast majority of natural serpentinites are unsuitable for the production of additives to lubricants due to the increased presence of abrasives such as SiO ₂ or other elements, as well as due to inappropriate elemental composition or structure.

Thus, using "natural serpentinite" of unknown composition, you can get a negative result, and even in some cases, using "natural serpentinite" of unknown composition at technically critical facilities, to ensure a man-made disaster.

It is also known that the production of modifying additives in the composition of serpentinite requires the presence of minerals with the general chemical formula Fe _x O _y , as a rule, it is magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ , less commonly hematite Fe ₂ O ₃ . However, free magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ is a pronounced abrasive and its excess leads to a sharp increase in abrasive wear.

In the production of most mineral friction modifiers, serpentinites of certain well-known deposits are used for which the composition of their main minerals is known, and after crushing the rock, the most suitable raw materials are usually selected by color, which often but not necessarily have similar chemical composition parameters.

As a rule, serpentinite impurities include minerals such as olivine, amphiboles, pyrexenes, spinels, talc and others. Moreover, most of these mineral impurities found in natural rocks are patented as special additives to serpentine to improve the efficiency of mineral friction modifiers.

Known antifriction finely dispersed composition containing, wt.%: 65-95 natural magnesium hydrosilicate (antigorite, serpentine, serpentenite, talc), 0.5-10.0 metal oxides with a lower affinity for oxygen relative to iron (MnO ₂ , ZnO, CoO , Al ₂ O ₃ , CdO, GeO ₂ ) and 4.5–25 solid solution of these oxides with the structure of garnet and / or spinel (magnetically active component) [11].

The use of this composition in the composition of liquid and thick lubricants in various friction units shows a relatively high strength formed on the rubbing metal surfaces and provides reduced wear and longer service life of the servovitic film friction units, but it forms over a long time.

Known antifriction powder composition containing, wt.%: 51-60 serpentine, 20-40 talc and 8-10 sulfur, pyrhotine, enstatite and fayalite taken in equal proportions [12].

This composition does not provide high strength and durability of adhesion of the formed servovitic film to the rubbing metal surfaces of the friction units due to the difference in the coefficients of linear thermal expansion of this film and the material of the rubbing surfaces, as well as due to the instability of the film structure at relatively low temperatures.

Solid lubricant compositions for heavily loaded friction units are known in the form of a mixture of a liquid or thick binder and abrasive-like components, which are used in cranes, equipment of mining plants, pumping equipment for gas and oil pipelines, automobile and railway transport, ship equipment, etc. Solid lubricant compositions in comparison with other types of lubricants, to a greater extent, provide heat dissipation in friction units and reduce friction and wear of rubbing surfaces.

A lubricating composition is known for accelerated formation of a servo-like film with a tribotechnical composition, including a mechanically activated mixture of an abrasive-like powder with a binder, in which, to increase the stability of the servo-like film, a composition containing, wt.%: Serpentine (Mg _6-x Al _x ) is used ( Si _4-x Al _x ) O ₁₀ (OH) ₈ at x = 0.75 51-60, talc Mg ₃ Si ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ 20-40, sulfur S, pyrrhotite FeS, enstatite MgSiO ₃ , fayalite ( Fe _0.94 Mg _0.06 ) ₂ SiO ₄ 8-10 (taken in equal proportions), which is pre-treated with continuous stirring dry saturated steam for 20-25 min at 110-115 ° C.

A known method of lubrication by forming a coating on rubbing surfaces, according to which to create a coating on rubbing surfaces, a composition of a finely dispersed mixture of minerals serpentine, enstatite and magnetite, or a combination thereof with at least one mineral selected from amphibole, biotite, ilmenite, pentlandite, pyrrhotite, talc, chalcopyrite or native sulfur, and a binder with a particle size of 0.01-1 μm, are mechanically activated by aperiodic vibrations at a ratio in the composition, wt.%: mixture of minerals 3.3; a binder 96.7, then the composition is placed between the rubbing surfaces and run in. The ingredient content of the composition is as follows, wt.%: MgO 20-35; SiO ₂ 30-40; Fe ₂ O ₃ 10-15; FeO 4-6; Al ₂ O ₃ 3-8; S 2-6; related impurities (Ti, V, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu, K, Ca, Co) up to 100 [13].

There is a method of processing the surfaces of metal parts to create cermet coatings on the surfaces of parts made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, providing on the surfaces of metal parts with high durability, uniformity of thickness and uniformity of the structure of the cermet layer having specified desired parameters, and allowing processing as rubbing, and other surfaces of metal parts, which includes the manufacture of a modifying composition based on mixtures of serpentinites, crushed to a fineness of 0.1-10.0 microns, containing 32-45 wt.% silicon, 18-26 wt.% magnesium oxide, 10-14 wt.% iron oxide and 10-14 wt.% constitutional water in the bound state, the manufacture of the technological environment by mixing the modifying composition with a liquid organic binder in the amount of 0.5-30.0% and 70.0-99.5%, respectively, of the mass of the technological medium, the supply of the technological medium to the workpiece surface by immersing the part in technological environment and mechanical activation of the technological environment during 5-60 min by ultrasonic mechanical vibrations with a frequency of 22-24 kHz and a power of 0.1-10.0 kW [14].

Known previously developed by the authors of this utility model are nanotechnological antifriction powder composition (options), nanotechnological lubricant composition and nanotechnological lubrication method in friction units of various mechanisms and assemblies, according to which, to reduce the formation time of a servo film without preliminary micro grinding, reduce friction, increase wear resistance and friction life surfaces, reducing the consumption of fuels and lubricants and electricity during the operation of ma in and mechanisms powder composition comprises a serpentine Mg ₆ [Si ₄ O _10] (OH) ₈ interspersed with magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ at a ratio, in weight.%: 65-75 serpentine, magnetite 20-30 interspersed with impurities of not more than 5. The powder composition also contains serpentine with interspersed magnetite, magnesite MgCO ₃ and magnesia-ferrous silicate (MgFe) ₇ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ in the ratio, wt.%: Serpentine 65-75, magnetite 10-25, magnesite 5 -15, magnesian-ferrous silicate 2-7. Serpentine is predominantly found in the IT lysardite phase; the size of magnetite inclusions is not more than 50-300 nm. The lubricating composition contains 0.5-80 wt.% Powder compositions in a binder. The lubrication method involves placing between the rubbing surfaces of the powder compositions in a binder [15].

The disadvantages of this composition and this lubrication method for this composition are the possibility of forming a servo-like film only at the points of contact of friction pairs, randomness of formation, uneven thickness and heterogeneity of the structure of the obtained cermet layer (servo-film), the impossibility of obtaining a cermet layer with specified desired parameters over the entire surface of metal parts .

The closest in technical essence and technical result achieved to the proposed utility model - the prototype is metal products made by ultrasonic treatment of metal surfaces of products to create ceramic-metal coatings on the surfaces of parts made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys and obtain high wear resistance, durability and corrosion resistance cermet coating, which includes the manufacture of finely divided solid activir medium from a mixture of crushed serpentinite, containing 32-45 wt.% silicon, 18-26 wt.% magnesium oxide and 10-14 wt.% iron oxide, the supply of an activating medium to the treated surface and the impact on the treated surface with an ultrasonic mechanical instrument vibrations through a layer of crushed serpentinite. In this case, the supply of the activating medium to the treated surface is performed either by applying a layer of serpentinite crushed to a fineness of 0.1-10.0 μm before exposure to ultrasonic mechanical vibrations, or by applying ultrasonic mechanical vibrations to the treated surface using an acoustic instrument with a working surface, made on the basis of serpentinite, crushed to a fineness of 5-50 microns, moreover, the effect on the treated surface is yayut ultrasonic mechanical vibrations with a frequency of 22-24 kHz and a power of 0,4-10,0 kW for 1-60 minutes per square decimeter machined surface [16].

In the manufacture of metal products by this method, as in the case of the implementation of the known methods described above for modifying and restoring friction surfaces with a predominant iron content, physico-chemical processes occur, as a result of which ceramic-metal coatings are formed on the friction surfaces to compensate for their previous wear. The formed cermet coatings have a low coefficient of friction, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

However, when implementing this method, the process of forming a ceramic-metal coating at the stage of mechanical activation of the technological environment under the operating load of a machine or mechanism is arbitrary, uncontrolled in nature, which does not allow reasonably and rationally choosing the energy and time parameters of the mechanical activation mode to ensure controllability of the mechanical activating energy provided to the technological environment exposure. This circumstance leads to uneven thickness and heterogeneity of the structure of the formed ceramic-metal layer and causes a decrease in its durability due to brittleness and possible delamination, and also does not allow to obtain a ceramic-metal layer with such desired parameters, for example, the thickness of the ceramic-metal layer being built up, its penetration depth into the processed surface, degree of structural uniformity, roughness and microhardness of the resulting layer. In addition, the use for the formation of a ceramic-metal layer of a similar activation of the process medium during the operating load of a machine or mechanism significantly limits the scope of the prototype method, since it allows it to be used for the modification and restoration of only friction surfaces and exclusively for in-place repair of a machine or mechanism.

Therefore, the disadvantages of products manufactured by this method are insufficient durability, uneven thickness and heterogeneity of the structure of the obtained cermet layer, the inability to obtain a cermet layer with desired parameters and the limited scope of the method.

Scientific studies of the authors of the claimed utility model have established that the presence in the lubricating compositions of finely dispersed abrasive minerals, which are most of the impurities of most natural serpentinites, in particular in the form of free magnetite, when used in lubricants act on the friction surface as a thin abrasive, essentially performing the function micro polishing. Such substances in the case of a certain concentration cause abrasion. Indeed, the specified micro-grinding process initially reduces the roughness parameters of the friction surfaces (R _a and R _z values), leads to an initial decrease in friction (reduces the K _tr value), reduces power consumption, reduces noise and vibration, but after a certain time leads to a sharp deterioration in tribological parameters , and in the future even to the breakdown of machines and mechanisms.

The presence of abrasive components, leading to micro-grinding of friction surfaces in the case of optimal dosage of serpentinite additives in the lubricant system, can cause a certain positive effect, for example, increase the life of rolling bearings up to 30%, but in case of an overdose it significantly reduces their life, causes jamming, and contributes to the formation of scoring.

As established by the authors of this utility model, the presence of abrasive minerals in the tribosystem prevents the nanotribotechnological process from forming slip mirrors due to the physicochemical processes of thermal decomposition of serpentine and magnetite, since abrasive particles simply remove nanoparticles from the surfaces of the tribotechnical systems.

Despite filling in the microroughness depressions, materials with an abrasive cannot be considered nanotechnological, since far from any serpentenite is able to ensure the formation of nanoparticles and, on their basis, the formation of the required servo layers.

Usually the quality control of such materials and feedstock is carried out by obtaining samples of powders with further tests on friction machines. This control technology is simple to test the materials for compliance with technical specifications in terms of the values of the scoring index and friction coefficient, but the generally accepted control technology is simplified, it does not reflect the quality of the entire batch of raw materials and most manufacturers, according to expert studies, have no input control at all, and output is reduced only to histograms of particle size of MMT, that is, to determining the distribution of the dispersion of a part.

Common disadvantages of the known solutions (analogues and prototype) is the uncertainty in the quality of products due to the instability of the natural composition of the materials of the compositions, the usual presence of large-sized abrasive materials that impede fine grinding and obtaining fine powder.

Purpose of utility model and technical result

The purpose and technical result of this utility model is to increase the uniformity and uniformity of the structure of the ceramic-metal hardening antifriction surface layer, reduce surface roughness (from micro grinding to polishing 10 cells) and increase manufacturing accuracy (up to grade 10 accuracy) by using conventional machine tools for metal cutting removable snap-in, fixed as a working tool.

Utility Model Disclosure

The goal of the utility model and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the composite metal product with a cermet surface layer, according to the utility model, contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer obtained from serpentine Mg ₆ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ with interspersed magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ with a ratio, wt.%:

serpentine 65-80, disseminated magnetite 20-30, impurities no more 5.

or obtained from serpentine Mg ₆ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ with disseminated magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ , magnesite MgCO ₃ and magnesia-ferrous silicate (MgFe) ₇ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ with a ratio, wt. .%:

serpentine 65-80 magnetite 10-25 magnesite 5-15 magnesia-ferrous silicate 2-7

According to a utility model, a composite metal product can be made in the form of an extended resource part, for example, a wheel flange for a pair of wagons of railway carriages, a finger for machines, mechanisms and equipment of the mining industry, a rod of car dampers, a pin, a crankshaft, a shaft journal for sliding bearings ball joint.

In this case, the composite metal product contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite with a size of no more than 50-300 nm in the IT lysardite phase.

In addition, the composite metal product contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer made of serpentine interspersed with magnetite, crushed to a dispersion of 1-150 μm, light gray, identified by the qualitative reaction of magnesite with hydrochloric acid

A composite metal product may contain an antifriction and hardening metal-ceramic surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite when the surface of the product is locally heated to a temperature of 640-720 ° C or when the surface of the product is locally heated to a temperature of 600-900 ° C and when the tool pressure is moving a part, for example, rotating in a lathe.

A composite metal product may contain an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite under the influence of ultrasonic mechanical vibrations with a frequency of 20000-30000 Hz or through a rounded surface of a working tool or a spring-loaded ball or oval.

A composite metal product may contain an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite in a liquid binder in the ratio, wt.%:

serpentine interspersed with magnetite 0.5-80 binder rest

As a binder in the manufacture of antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer, from serpentine interspersed with magnetite can be used:

lubricating oil, for example, motor, transmission or industrial, compressor, hydraulic;

petroleum oil, for example, a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons boiling at t _{instrumentation of} 300-600 ° C;

synthetic oil, for example, organosilicon liquid, phosphoric and adipic acid esters or polyalkylene glycol;

grease, for example, brands Tsiatim, Litol 24 or “SHRUS”;

solidol, "Presol M", "Buksol";

petroleum products, for example, fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel;

semi-fluid lubricants, for example, SKP M, Trasol-200-PSh, Redusma;

polyester or nitro varnishes;

grease and special greases, such as paraffins or mastics.

In this case, the composite metal product may contain an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite after preliminary anticorrosion treatment of the surface of the metal product.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a model of the process of processing the surface of a metal product by ultrasonic plastic deformation (SPD) in the presence of finely dispersed serpentine of the proposed composition with profilograms and micrographs of the surface of the product, which shows the portion of the servo layer a - the surface of the test sample treated with ultrasonic plastic deformation (SPD) in the presence of finely divided serpentine the proposed composition and section b is the surface of the prototype after finishing turning, F is the force clamp, S - tool feed.

In FIG. 2 shows a photo of the surface servo layer a and after processing the metal by ultrasonic plastic deformation in the presence of serpentine of the proposed composition and the initial surface of sample b after finishing turning with a cutter

In FIG. 3 shows a SEM photogram of the surface morphology after ultrasonic plastic deformation (SPD) in the presence of finely divided serpentine of the proposed composition, in which shaded areas with the presence of magnesium and phosphorus are visible.

In FIG. 4 shows photographs of planars of a portion of the initial surface b and a portion of the surface a treated by ultrasonic plastic deformation in the presence of finely divided serpentine of the proposed composition to obtain a servovitic layer.

Figure 5 shows a typical spectrum of the shaded areas of the introduction of serpentine of the proposed composition into the treated surface in the servo layer, which correspond to the areas enriched in phosphorus containing, according to the PMA spectrum, phosphorus in the shaded area 1.8% and iron 98.2%.

In FIG. 6 shows the morphology of steel 45, in region a - in the surface servo layer after treatment with ultrasonic plastic deformation in the presence of serpentine of the proposed composition with a dispersion of d ~ 30 μm, where the disappearance of the steel cluster structure and compaction of the material, and the metal matrix with ferrite-pearlite structure in area b.

Figure 7 shows the characteristic spectra of the transverse section in the modified surface servovitic layer a after processing treated with ultrasonic plastic deformation in the presence of serpentine of the proposed composition and in a metal matrix with a ferrite-pearlite structure in region b.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the microgeometry profilograms of the initial surface of the specimen section b after finishing turning with a cutter with roughness parameters Ra - 2.04, Rz - 10.58, Rmax - 11.75 μm (6 class of purity).

In FIG. Figure 9 shows the microgeometry profilograms of the initial surface of the specimen section b after finishing turning with a blunt cutting edge cutter with roughness parameters Ra - 1.32, Rz - 9.55, Rmax - 11.93 (grade 6 cleanliness).

In FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 shows profilograms of microgeometry of the surface of the plot a of the test samples after treatment by ultrasonic plastic deformation (SPD) in the presence of finely divided serpentine of the proposed composition with roughness parameters (Fig. 4) Ra - 0.36, Rz - 3.33, Rmax - 4.20, Lt = 4.80 mm (9 purity class) and with roughness parameters (Fig. 5) Ra - 0.45, Rz - 3.85 Rmax - 4.85 µm, (9 class of purity).

Utility Model Implementation

In contrast to the antifriction powder composition used in accordance with RU No. 2415176, 2009 in the friction units in the form of serpentine Mg ₆ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ with disseminated magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ in the ratio, wt.%: Serpentine 65-75, disseminated magnetite 20-30, impurities no more than 5, or in the form of serpentine with disseminated magnetite, magnesite MgCO ₃ and magnesian-ferrous silicate (MgFe) ₇ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ in the ratio, wt.%: serpentine 65 -75, magnetite 10-25, magnesite 5-15, magnesian-ferrous silicate 2-7, where serpentine is predominantly contained in the IT lysardite phase, and the size of magnetite inclusions is n more than 50-300 nm, which in the composition of lubricants is capable of forming servo-like antifriction films on local friction surfaces only in the form of contact spots, the technology proposed by the utility model allows the thermonanotechnological effect of this composition to be used in conjunction with ultrasonic plastic deformation in the manufacture of metal parts with increased antifriction, anticorrosive and strength properties of the entire treated surface

The proposed metal products made by the simultaneous use of ultrasonic plastic deformation and serpentine of this particular composition have a continuous uniform ceramic-metal antifriction layer on the entire surface in the form of a servo layer with a hardening and anti-corrosion effect, reduced surface roughness (from micro grinding to polishing 10 cells) of the surface and higher accuracy manufacturing (up to grade 10) can be manufactured on conventional existing technological machine tools for brabotki metal machining with removable rigging, fastened as a working tool.

The proposed metal products, unlike analogues, are used in the manufacture of which compositions with serpentine in a binder are placed between rubbing surfaces and where during the lubrication process a servo film is formed only on separate parts of the surface of the elements of the mating parts along friction spots, according to a utility model, the antifriction and hardening servo ceramic metal-ceramic surface the layer is located over the entire surface of the metal product as a result of point contact or point contacts at ultrasonic tools with the surface of the product (depending on the shape of the tip of the tool), which in the process of moving along the treated surface creates the conditions for the formation of a surface cermet servo layer over the entire surface of the workpiece.

As a result of the formation of a uniform ceramic-metal servo layer over the entire machined surface of the metal product, it is possible without prior grinding and polishing to harden the surface layer, giving it enhanced antifriction, anti-corrosion and anti-seize properties, improving the quality properties of the products.

Products made in this way have an increased service life, low friction coefficient and increased corrosion resistance, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the consumption of fuels and lubricants and energy savings.

As can be seen in FIG. 6, in the surface servo layer a, within 15 μm from the surface, the metal structure becomes ultrafine-grained, its density increases, a clear boundary appears between the structures of the densified servo layer a and matrix b.

In the servovitic layer a, there is a strong distortion of the grain boundaries, as well as a certain elongation of the grains in the processing direction, and there is a transformation into an elongated fibrous structure with the direction of the fibers along the processing.

In the surface servovitic layer a, substructural and phase transformations of the initial structure of the surface of the material are observed. Plastic deformation, combined with ultrasonic excitation of the crystal lattice and especially of the defective subsystem, in the surface layer a increases the microhardness by more than three times.

The microhardness of the main phases and inclusions of the hardened machined surface of the machined steel surface 45 at a load of P = 100 g has different values. The surface microhardness of the servo-like layer on the edge of the thin section ≤5 μm reaches a maximum value of Hμ - 750 kg / mm ² , then begins to decline reaching the transition layer within 10-25 μm, after the transition zone the microhardness becomes equal to the initial Hμ ~ 200 kg / mm ² .

With the development of plastic deformation during processing and the formation of the servo-like layer, crushed grains of 0.1-0.2 μm in size are formed, crystals are flattened in the direction of deformation, and ordered structures of a fibrous nature are formed.

Products can be used both in dry friction and in the environment of both conventional lubricants and in the environment of lubricants modified with antifriction powder compositions, and in the latter case the wear-free effect is guaranteed to increase, since it leads not only to the formation of “sliding mirrors” in contact points of friction pairs, but also contributes to the process of self-healing servo-film.

The proposed manufacturing technology for metal products is based on the property of sertentine of this particular composition that is identified by the authors for thermal decomposition with a combination of its constituents and its transformation in the process of ultrasonic plastic deformation (SPD), during spot heating and pressure into chemical compounds that form continuous on the surfaces of metal products servo-ceramic-metal layer.

The composition and properties of the chemical compounds formed in the servo-ceramic-metal-ceramic layer depend on the temperature, therefore it is possible, in practical use of the utility model, by adjusting the temperature at the contact points of the ultrasonic instrument with the product, to obtain continuous servo-ceramic-ceramic layers with various required properties.

It was experimentally established that for the effective use of serpentine of this specific composition in the process of ultrasonic plastic deformation (SPD) and machining, it is necessary to create a temperature in the range of 640 to 720 ° C on a point surface of the metal, which is practically feasible at the peaks of the microrelief after finishing the surface of the product in the usual ways.

With the proposed method, the surface roughness of a metal product upon contact with a tool creates a microlocal heating of the surface of the product. Particles of finely dispersed serpentine of this specific composition falling into the local heating and pressure zone enter into thermochemical reactions, selectively interact with each other and with vacancies in the form of broken atomic bonds on the metal surface of the product. The reaction occurs at the microrange. That is, when the dimensionality level of the interacting particles of an angstrom.

Thus, the presence of local friction and local heating of the surface during a point or linear interaction of a moving tool with the surface of the product causes the formation of a continuous surface servo-ceramic-ceramic layer of serpentine of the proposed composition.

Offered by utility model can be manufactured on standard metal-cutting and metal-working equipment. This is primarily a lathe. A part having elements designed to create an appropriate antifriction layer on it, for example, a seat for a sliding bearing, is fixed in the spindle of the machine.

The tool is mounted in the tool holder, which should ensure its design.

The tip of the tool can be with a rounded surface, or in the form of a spring-loaded ball or oval, including as a tool it is possible to use the tip of the strictor of the electromagnetic oscillating circuit, which provides mechanical vibrations of the core in the range of 1 -20 μm with an ultrasonic frequency from 20,000 to 30,000 Hz.

The technology of using the electromagnetic circuit allows you to increase the accuracy class of the product, create conditions for the formation of a surface layer hardened to a depth of 30 microns as a result of micro-riveting from core impacts and guarantee surface cleanliness of the order of grade 10, but this is not always advisable, since this increases the cost of the product.

In some cases, a holder with a roller (ball) can be used as a tool, including one equipped with a heating element, and in some cases, not only metal, but also from another material, for example, felt.

It is also possible to use devices that create instantaneous high temperatures on the micro-surface by means of electromagnetic, laser, plasma, HDTV or other types of thermal effects while providing pressure on the surface being treated.

As a binder for serpentine of this specific composition, both liquid and viscous carriers can be used, for example, technical oils, with or without thickeners, but the most promising are plastic and semi-liquid lubricants.

Technically proposed products are manufactured by the interaction of a rotating part with a layer of serpentine powder of a given specific composition bonded to it and a moving support with an ultrasonic instrument fixed in it or the above tools and devices.

It is possible to apply a layer of a binder with a serpentine powder of this particular composition manually, using a conventional brush, since it has been experimentally established that, regardless of the thickness of the coating, a film coating with a thickness of the order of 5 μm is formed regardless of the number of repeated coatings and tool passes. The spindle speed and horizontal feed of the caliper with an ultrasonic tool are selected for a particular product, taking into account the possibility of providing local heating of the product surface to the optimum temperature and local pressure at the processing points.

In mass production and the need for automatic feeding of a specific composition of a binder with serpentine powder of this specific composition, a doctor blade type with an adjustable gap between the doctor blade and the rotation surface, as well as rubber shafts transmitting a binder with a serpentine powder of this specific composition from devices structurally similar to known schemes of colorful apparatuses of rotary printing machines of classical printing methods (high, offset or deep).

A distinctive feature of obtaining an antifriction and anticorrosive servo-ceramic-metal layer on flat surfaces of metal products is the possibility of using milling and surface grinding machines as processing equipment, and for complex types - coordinate boring, planing, etc. with an ultrasound instrument or other instrument fixed in them. In addition, a rotating ultrasonic tool for ultrasonic plastic deformation of the surface of products can also be used.

For practical verification of feasibility and industrial applicability, field tests of the technology according to a utility model were carried out at the Department of Electrothermics of the Technological University in St. Petersburg using the Caliber and Caliber ^* profilometers, the JSM-35CF Scanning Electron Microscope (f. JEOL) with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer type Link 860 (f. Link), microhardness tester - ПМТ-3.

On a CALIBER profilometer, measurements were made of the surface microgeometry of the prototype of medium carbon steel after finishing turning with a cutter and after surface treatment by ultrasonic plastic deformation with serpentine powder of a given composition with a dispersion of <10 μm).

It was established that the surface of medium-carbon steel after finishing turning forms ~ 5-6 purity class roughness parameters: a - Ra - 2.04, Rz - 10.58, Rmax - 11.75 µm; (Purity class 6), and after processing according to the proposed technology for one technological pass of surface treatment by ultrasonic plastic deformation with a serpentine powder of the proposed composition, a servo layer with microgeometry is formed: a - Ra 0.45, Rz 3.85, Rmax 4.85 - 9 purity class, structural grinding of the surface layer with a constant profile undulation.

We also studied the microgeometry of the contacting surfaces of the treated surface treatment by ultrasonic plastic deformation with serpentine powder of the proposed composition to assess the wear resistance in friction pairs.

To form an electron microscopic image (SEM photograms, we used signals of secondary and reflected electrons (CE, OE), which allowed us to obtain the morphological and compositional contrast of the image, respectively, using a JSM-35CF scanning electron microscope (F. JEOL) with a Link 860 energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer ( Link), with the help of which the thickness of the modified layer was determined d≈30 μm with inclusions of silicon, magnesium, phosphorus.

Studies of changes in microhardness along the depth of the surface layer processed by ultrasonic plastic deformation (SPD) in the presence of finely dispersed serpentine Mg ₆ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ with disseminated magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ were carried out on a PMT-3 microhardness tester.

To prepare the samples, they were cut into separate identical fragments, identical sections were selected, and physical and mechanical studies of microhardness were carried out.

It was revealed that the microhardness of the main phases and inclusions of the surface of the experimental samples differ significantly. The surface hardness at the edge of the thin section ~ 5 μm of the servo layer reaches its maximum value, Hµ - 720 kg / mm ² then begins to fall from ≤25 to 30 µm to the value in the metal matrix Hµ - 200 kg / mm ² .

To confirm the feasibility of achieving a technical result and industrial implementation of the utility model, an ordinary industrial carbon steel of 45 standard chemical composition in the form of cylindrical shafts with a diameter of ⌀ 40 mm and a length of L 100 mm was used as an object of study of the effectiveness of the proposed technology.

A piece with a diameter of 40 mm was clamped into the lathe chuck after finishing with a turning tool.

An ultrasonic tool with a polished tip made of a VK-8 solid-state alloy (indenter) was inserted into the cutter holder, to which ultrasonic vibrations ω≈22-30 kHz from the ultrasonic generator were applied under pressure with a force of F≈30 H.

A modifier (serpentinite powder with a dispersion of ≤10 μm mixed with orthophosphoric acid in a ratio of 1 to 3 was fed into the space between the tool and the treated surface of st-45.

Studies of surface microgeometry were performed by the profilometry method at the Caliber instrument at several points.

It was revealed that the measured geometrical parameters of the microrelief of the surface of the initial samples are heterogeneous in the shape of the sizes and the location of irregularities with various deviations in the shape of the microroughness and the direction of the strokes.

The measured geometrical parameters of the microrelief of the initial surface of the test samples (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) are heterogeneous in the shape of the dimensions and the location of the irregularities with various deviations in the shape of the microroughness and the direction of the strokes.

It was also established that the surface microrelief roughness measured over several surface sections of the treated samples is also heterogeneous in the shape of sizes and the location of irregularities with various deviations in the shape of microroughnesses and the direction of strokes, but with a predominance of depressions.

The PMA spectrum of serpentine incorporation sites into the surface of the samples in the servo layer corresponds to regions enriched in phosphorus up to 1.8% and iron up to 98.2%.

The morphology of steel section 45 shows the presence in the depths of the metal of regions with a cluster ferrite-pearlite structure and surface regions where the cluster structure of steel disappears, which indicates the compaction of the metal surface in the servo layer.

It was also established that in the servo layer the content of iron phosphide, which increases the wear resistance, on the surface of the treated metal increases.

In the surface servovitic layer, within 15 μm from the surface, the metal structure becomes ultrafine-grained, the density increases, a clear boundary for the separation of the structures of the densified servovitic cermet layer and the metal matrix appears.

In the surface servovitic layer, a strong distortion of the grain boundaries is observed, as well as some elongation of the grains in the processing direction, and there is a transformation into an elongated fibrous structure with the direction of the fibers along the processing.

Substructural and phase transformations of the initial structure of the surface of the material are observed. Plastic deformation, combined with ultrasonic excitation of the crystal lattice and especially of the defective subsystem, in the surface layer increases the microhardness by more than three times.

The microhardness of the main phases and inclusions of the hardened surface of the machined surface of steel 45 at a load of P = 100 g has different values.

The surface microhardness at the edge of the section ≤5 μm reaches the maximum value of Hμ - 750 kg / mm ² , then begins to decline reaching the transition layer within 10-25 μm, after the transition zone the microhardness becomes equal to the original Hμ ~ 200 kg / mm ² .

With the development of plastic deformation during processing, crushed grains with a size of 0.1–0.2 μm are formed, crystals are flattened in the direction of deformation, and ordered structures of a fibrous nature are formed.

Analysis of surface microgeometry of experimental metal parts after ultrasonic plastic deformation (SPD) in the presence of finely dispersed serpentine Mg ₆ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ with disseminated magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ or after ultrasonic plastic deformation (SPD) in the presence of finely dispersed serpentine Mg ₆ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ with disseminated magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ , magnesite MgCO ₃ and magnesia-ferrous silicate (MgFe) ₇ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ shows that

- there is a sharp decrease in the protrusions, and also there is a partial compensation of small cavities of the treated surface with a modifier;

- on the metal surface, finely dispersed serpentine particles are introduced into the surface of the metal matrix;

- due to the impact energy of the ultrasonic instrument, as well as due to the friction forces, the macrostructure of the metal surface passes into the microstructure;

- crushed grains that lose their original shape are flattened in the direction of deformation with the formation of a fibrous structure,

- there is a transfer of fine particles of serpentine from the metal surface to a depth of 30 microns

Studies have shown the possibility of mechanizing the process of forming a cermet coating on the surface of metal products, providing the most minimal material loss of the formed coating.

The proposed technology allows you to replace two competing technological operations of surface treatment of metal products - rolling and polishing.

It was found that the proposed products can be used as friction pairs, since surface hardening occurs with the formation of antifriction (reducing the friction force) cermet sliding mirrors that increase the life of friction pairs and reduce energy consumption.

For practical verification of feasibility and industrial applicability, bench tests were also carried out for hydro-dampers equipped with rods of powder spraying of the proposed composition at the Tver Carriage Engineering Institute, where work was carried out to improve the serial designs of inclined hydraulic vibration dampers.

Bench tests of gas dampers equipped with rods with powder spraying of serpentinite of the proposed composition showed that:

- in the working area of the rod changes occur in the properties of the coating, as well as an increase in hardness of the coating by an average of 25%;

- the performance of the axle box seal after testing is maintained;

- Treated stocks of hydraulic dampers can be recommended for trial operation.

Industrial implementation of the proposed utility model allows:

- to manufacture products with new properties on standard metalworking equipment;

- apply the technology immediately after finishing the surface of the products without the usual grinding operation replacing it;

- to give new products an increased resource up to the effect of wearlessness, which is proved on the stock rods of passenger rail car dampers;

- harden the surface of metal parts and give them anti-friction, anti-corrosion and anti-seize properties;

- used after preliminary surface treatment with liquids containing metals, usually used for galvanic coatings with an increase in the corrosion resistance of the surface of products;

- replace commonly used anti-corrosion technologies, for example, chromium plating;

- to make products with 10th class of surface cleanliness after finishing;

- make products with 10th accuracy class;

- apply anti-friction and anti-corrosion ceramic-metal layer on heat-treated parts;

- use the usual control methods commonly used in mechanical engineering.

- used when performing repair work, for example, when grooving wheel flanges of wagon trolleys.

Quality control of products does not essentially differ from the usual control of products of machine-building and repair enterprises, and these are the usual methods of visual and instrumental quality control used at specific enterprises.

A metal product patented as a utility model is a technical solution related to the device, since it is I who are combined into a single whole various means (layers with different properties, and as a result of such a combination, a new product is created, the parts (elements) of which are in constructive unity and functional relationship.

A characteristic feature of the proposed utility model is the presence of structural elements (layers with various properties), the presence of a connection between these elements, a certain relative position of the elements, the material from which the surface ceramic-metal servo layer is made.

In general, given the novelty and non-obviousness of the utility model, shown in the section "Background" and "The essence of the utility model", the materiality of all the general and particular features of the utility model, proved in the section "Disclosure of the utility model", and also shown in the section "Implementation of the utility model ", the feasibility of a utility model and the confident solution of the task and the achievement of a technical result, in our opinion, the claimed group of inventions meets all the eligibility requirements for a utility model pits.

Thus, there is every reason to assert that the utility model meets all the requirements of patent protection, and the analysis shows that all the general and particular features of the utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to solve the set tasks and achieving the desired technical result, but also allow you to implement a useful model in an industrial way.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Kragelsky IV, Dobychin MN, Combalov B.C. Basics of friction and wear calculations. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1977 .-- 526 p.

2. Rybakova L.M., Kuksenova L.I. The structure and wear resistance of the metal. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1982. - 212 p.

3. SU 456 704.1975; SU 1720779, 1988: RU 2050222, 1995; RU 2127658,1999.

4. SU 152601, 1969; SU 1196552, 1985; SU 1668471, 1991

5. SU 1601426, 1990; RU 2035636, 1995; RU 2093719, 1997; RU 2135638, 1999

6. RU 2149741, 2000, B23P 6/02, C23C 26/00

7. RU 2100478 C23C 24/04, B22F 7/04, publ. 12/27/1997

8. RU 2006708, IPC F16C 33/14, publ. 01/30/1994

9. RU 2059121, IPC F16C 33/14, publ. 04/24/1994

10. RU 2006707, IPC F16C 33/14, publ. 01/30/1994

11. RU 2127299, IPC C10M 125/10, publ. 03/10/1999

12. RU 2035636, IPC F16C 33/14, publ. 05/20/1995

13. RU 2057257, IPC F16C 33/14, publ. 03/27/1996

14. RU 2209852 C23C 26/00, B23P 6/02, 08/10/2003

15. RU 2415176 C10M 103/06 C10M 125/26 03/27/2011

16. RU 2209851 C23C 24/04, B23P 9/04, publ. 08/10/2003 (prototype)

Claims (16)

1. Composite metal product with a cermet surface layer, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer obtained from serpentine Mg ₆ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ with interspersed magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ . 2. A composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer obtained from serpentine Mg ₆ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ with disseminated magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ with a ratio, wt. %: serpentine 65-80 disseminated magnetite 20-30 impurities no more than 5 3. The composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer obtained from serpentine Mg ₆ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ with disseminated magnetite Fe ₃ O ₄ , magnesite MgCO ₃ and magnesia-ferrous silicate (MgFe) ₇ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ] (OH) ₈ with a ratio, wt.%: serpentine 65-80 magnetite 10-25 magnesite 5-15 magnesian-ferrous silicate 2-7 4. A composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of an increased resource part, for example, a wheel flange for a pair of wheels of a railroad carriage wagon, a finger for machines, mining machinery and equipment, a wagon hydraulic shock absorber rod, a pin, a crankshaft, shaft necks for plain bearings, ball bearings. 5. A composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer made of serpentine with interspersed magnetite with a size of not more than 50-300 nm. 6. A composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening metal-ceramic surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite, crushed to a particle size of 1-150 microns. 7. A composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening metal-ceramic surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite in the IT lizardite phase. 8. A composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer made of serpentine with interspersed magnetite with a size of not more than 50-300 nm. 9. A composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer made of serpentine interspersed with light gray magnetite, identified by the qualitative reaction of magnesite with hydrochloric acid. 10. The composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening metal-ceramic surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite when the surface of the product is locally heated to a temperature of 640-720 ° C. 11. The composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening metal-ceramic surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite when the surface of the product is locally heated to a temperature of 600-900 ° C and when the tool pressure is applied to a moving part, for example rotating in a lathe. 12. A composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening metal-ceramic surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite under the influence of ultrasonic mechanical vibrations with a frequency of 20,000 - 30,000 Hz. 13. A composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite by means of a rounded surface of the working tool, or a spring-loaded ball, or oval. 14. A composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening metal-ceramic surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite in a liquid binder at a ratio, wt.%: serpentine interspersed with magnetite 0.5-80 binding rest 15. The composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer made of serpentine interspersed with magnetite in a liquid binder, which is used as: lubricating oil, for example, engine, gear or industrial, compressor, hydraulic; petroleum oil, for example a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons boiling at boiling point of 300-600 ° C; synthetic oil, for example an organosilicon liquid, phosphoric and adipic acid esters or polyalkylene glycol; grease, for example, brands Tsiatim, Litol 24 or "SHRUS"; solidol, "Presol M", "Buksol"; petroleum products, for example fuel oil, gasoline, diesel fuel; semi-fluid lubricants, for example, SKP M, Trasol-200-PSh, Redusma; polyester or nitrovarnishes; grease and special greases, such as paraffins or mastics. 16. The composite metal product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an antifriction and hardening cermet surface servo layer made of serpentine with impregnations of magnetite after preliminary anticorrosion treatment of the surface of the metal product.

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