RU143572U1 - FLOW POWER INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Abstract

A flow-through power plant containing a hydraulic support chamber, water intake and discharge gates, a pontoon, a mechanism for converting the reciprocating movement of the pontoon into rotation of the generator shaft, including a vertical flexible connection fixed on the supports located above and below the pontoon and a mechanical drive in contact with it, connected with the shaft of an electric generator, characterized in that the vertical flexible connection is made in the form of vertical chain transmissions with the possibility of rotation of the chain sprocket supports and with the passage of one transmission branch through the sealed unit of the pontoon, in the mechanism for converting the reciprocating movement of the pontoon into the rotation of the electric generator shaft, horizontal direct and cross chain drives with chain sprockets - unilateral rotation couplings installed with the ability to rotate in one direction of the shaft with a gear wheel and its gear, the shaft of which is connected to the shaft of an electric generator through an electromagnetic mu ft and its mechanical drive, moreover, the pontoon contains automatic water change valves and a sealed air chamber, and the hydraulic support chamber contains upper and lower spring-loaded stops.

Description

The installation (utility model) relates to the field of electricity production in a stationary hydraulic support chamber on channel power plants.

A device for obtaining additional electricity in the water adjacent to the hydroelectric station is known. It contains a hydroelectric power station, in the waters of the lower barrier of which islands are established, made in the form of multi-stage concrete pedestals located in two or more rows. On the steps of the pedestals there are installed wave power plants connected to a single energy system, whose floats float on the waves. The technical result is the provision of continuous operation of wave power plants throughout the year (see Patent No. 2394960, IPC: E02B 9/08).

Disadvantages. According to the description: “... On these waves floats of six wave power plants float, five of which rise and fall. Moreover, their mechanisms generate electricity ... ". The signs (mechanisms) of the generated electricity are not indicated. The desired result is stated without practical connection with reality.

The course of the floats and their frequency of movement depending on the parameters of the waves, their kinetic relationship with the electric generator, how electricity can be generated and how much power is unknown is unknown.

The figure (Fig.) Shows a float 6 with a counterweight, i.e. it has idle speed (when the float falls), and from here the movement of the float up and down transfers revolutions to the generator in different directions, which is not suitable for the generator, since there must be a shaft stop before each change of direction of rotation.

The figure (Fig.) Shows the connection of island 4 with the float 6 by a rigid connection, which is not rational at long distances because of its large mass. In practice, flexible communication is used (see ropeways, cranes, scrapers, etc.), which naturally will require design complexity.

Thus, the possibility of generating electricity by this device from the movement of the float is not justified, but the device for generating artificial waves and its purpose are justified.

The closest in technical essence and partially in terms of the achieved positive effect to the claimed utility model is the power plant I.Ye. Pryakhin, comprising a pontoon and a mechanism for converting the reciprocating movement of the pontoon into rotation of the generator shaft, including a vertical mounted on supports above and below the pontoons flexible connection and a drum in contact with it, connected to the shaft of the generator, moreover, the flexible connection is made in the form of two inverse chain blocks, fixed blocks, which are fixed on the supports, movable - on the top and bottom of the pontoon, and the run-down ends of the chain hoists are wound on a drum (see AS No. 1273635 A1; Cl. F03, B - 13/00, 13/12).

The disadvantages of the device. 1) The complexity of the design due to the presence of pulley blocks and deflecting blocks reduces the reliability of the device. 2) It is not provided for the rotation of the drum 4 in one direction when the pontoon moves up and down, which excludes the operation of email. generator. 3) The use of cables in the aquatic environment is not rational: they rust, stretch faster than chains, are tough during operation and create jerks, slippage. 4) Pontoon (empty) when lowering for water creates a traction force equal to its mass, because water leaves, and there is no buoyancy force, and when lifting water raises the pontoon with its buoyancy force equal to the volume of the pontoon minus its mass. Different forces are obtained, and as a result they create a different number of shaft revolutions for the same electric. generator, which is not suitable for him, because the speed should correspond to the number of pairs of poles of the selected email. generator.

For example. Pontoon 7 m · 7 m · 0.6 m mass (of steel) - 7.2 tons. Pontoon volume V _p = 29.4 m ³ . When lowering it, the traction force will be 7.2 tons. When lifting 29.4 tons - 7.2 = 22.2 tons. The forces differ by 22.2 tons / 7.2 about three times. Accordingly, the number of revolutions of email. generator. The generator is not able to operate in such a wide speed range.

The proposed power plant has no such drawbacks.

The problem to which the proposed utility model is directed is to increase the reliability and performance of a flowing power plant.

This problem is solved by the fact that in a flow-through power plant containing a hydraulic support chamber, water receiving and discharging gates, a pontoon, a mechanism for converting the pontoon's reciprocating movement into rotation of the generator shaft, including a vertical flexible connection mounted on and above the pontoon supports and the mechanical drive in contact with it, connected with the shaft of the generator, the vertical flexible connection is made in the form of vertical chain transmissions with the possibility of rotation of the support star to the chains and with the passage of one transmission branch through the sealed pontoon assembly, horizontal direct and cross chain gears with chain sprockets - one-way rotationally mounted couplings mounted on one side of the shaft with a gear wheel and its gears, the shaft of which is connected to the shaft of the electric generator through an electromagnetic clutch and its mechanical drive, and the pontoon contains an automatic matic water shift valves and sealed air chamber and fluid chamber, the support comprises upper and lower spring-loaded stops.

The proposed flow-through power plant differs from the closest analogue in that the vertical flexible coupling is made in the form of vertical chain gears with the possibility of rotation of chain sprockets and with the passage of one transmission branch through the sealed pontoon assembly into a mechanism for converting the pontoon's reciprocating movement into rotation of the generator shaft additionally included horizontal direct and cross chain transmissions with chain sprockets - one-way rotation couplings installed with the possibility of rotation on one side of the shaft with the gear wheel and its gear, the shaft of which is connected to the generator shaft through an electromagnetic coupling and its mechanical drive, the pontoon contains automatic water change valves and a sealed air chamber, and the hydraulic support chamber contains upper and lower spring-loaded stops .

The hydraulic support chamber serves for alternating intake of water into it and the release of water from it, which ensures the reciprocating movement of the pontoon. The hydraulic support chamber as a building structure is watertight (with the closed positions of the intake and drain valves) and has an overlap in which openings are made. Holes are necessary, in particular, in order for air to be forced out of the hydraulic support chamber during water collection and to enter it when water is discharged.

Gates for receiving and discharging water are necessary to ensure the cyclical filling of the hydraulic support chamber with water and its release from water. Automatic water change valves are necessary to ensure that the pontoon is cyclically filled with water and free of water. The gates for receiving and discharging water can be manually controlled by service personnel using known means, for example, using rods, rods, winches, winches, etc. The degree of opening of each shutter can be selected by personnel on the basis of visual observation of the water level in the hydraulic support chamber or other parameters (for example, the speed of rotation of the shafts, sprockets). Also, to control the shutters for receiving and discharging the water of the hydraulic support chamber, as well as the automatic pontoon water change valves, the persons operating the installation can additionally install an automatic control system containing sensors (for example, water level sensors, shaft rotation speeds), actuators for shutter actuators, valves (for example, electric winches, waterproof electromechanical relays, etc.), a computing device (processor), signal transmission lines from sensors to the computing device and from a computing device to actuators. The power that such an automatic control system consumes can be neglected in comparison with the power developed by the proposed installation. The power of the proposed installation is proportional to the difference in water levels in the hydraulic chamber of the support (dam height) and the volume of the pontoon, i.e. the required plant power is set at the design stage. Control systems are known in the art. The operation of the proposed flowing power plant using a control system made according to well-known rules can provide an additional technical result, which is expressed in increasing the stability of power generation and increasing the efficiency of the flowing power plant.

The pontoon is in a vertical reciprocating motion in the hydraulic support chamber in accordance with the current water level in the hydraulic support chamber, serves to connect a vertical flexible coupling with it, and provides the resulting vertical gravity and archimedean transmission forces acting on the pontoon. The sealed air chamber of the pontoon ensures its unsinkability, due to which the beginning of the movement of the pontoon from the upper position to the lower position is synchronized with the beginning of lowering the water level in the hydraulic support chamber.

The mechanism for converting the pontoon's reciprocating movement into the rotation of the electric generator shaft serves to rotate the electric generator shaft when filling the hydraulic support chamber with water and when emptying it, which is necessary for generating electricity.

Vertical flexible connection converts the movement of the pontoon through the support sprockets placed above the pontoon into the movement of horizontal direct and cross chain gears.

Performing a vertical flexible connection in the form of vertical chain transmissions provides greater durability and stability of its operation in the aquatic environment in comparison with the vertical flexible connection of the closest analogue.

The possibility of rotation of the chain support sprockets provides the conversion of the movement of the pontoon into rotational motion.

The implementation of sealed units in the pontoon and the passage of one branch of a vertical chain transmission through the sealed pontoon unit allows to simplify the manufacture and increase the reliability and durability of vertical chain transmissions, as the free movement of the chains in these sealed pontoon units is possible without friction, eliminating the need for deflecting mechanisms for these branches of vertical chain drives that could cause additional wear on their chains. “Sealed pontoon assembly” is a term that is used in the present application for brevity of the utility model formula and refers to a through channel of arbitrary shape made in the pontoon, allowing to extend the chain between its sprocket bearings located above and below the pontoon along the shortest path. The node is called leakproof because it does not impair the tightness of the internal cavities of the pontoon, i.e., such a through channel made in the pontoon communicates only with the space surrounding the pontoon, but not with the internal cavities of the pontoon. As one skilled in the art understands, the simplest and preferred embodiment of a sealed pontoon assembly is a vertically positioned pipe welded at one end to the roof and the other at the bottom of the pontoon (see FIG. 1, FIG. 2).

The term "chain sprocket - one-way rotation coupling" is used in the present application for brevity of the utility model formula and characterizes a transmission link that combines the functions of a chain sprocket and one-way rotation coupling (overrunning clutch). Such devices are known in the art. This may be a one-way clutch, on the outer casing of which a sprocket or gear is coaxially fixed. It can also be a one-way coupling, on the outer surface of the outer casing of which a ring gear is made (fixed). See, for example: invention RU 2135783 ("the gear wheel ... is the rim of the freewheel"); invention RU 2323380 (“a gear wheel is made at the same time as the sleeve”); invention SU 1767203 ("the outer race of the overrunning clutch of the output shaft is provided with a ring gear"); invention RU 2040165 ("... with a driven wheel made in the form of a ring gear ... mounted on the outer race ... overrunning clutch ..."). The sprockets can be fixed on the hub and on the outer race of one overrunning clutch, see, for example, invention SU 1726172 ("both overrunning clutches ... contain hubs ... and cages ... on which gear rings are fixed ..."). Overrunning clutches can be found in the monograph P.F. Dunaev, “Designing components and parts of machines”, 1966, Moscow, “Higher School”, on p. 286, 287; for example, on page 287: “The coupling in the figure is shown in the form of a contour, and the part associated with the clip is conventionally shown in the form of a gear wheel (in general, there can be any part instead of a gear wheel)”.

Chain sprockets - single-sided couplings mounted rotatably to one side of a shaft with a gear wheel, provide rotation of the gear of this gear wheel (i.e., the gear meshed with this gear wheel) in one direction, regardless of the direction of the reciprocating movement pontoon. The shaft of this gear, connected to the shaft of the generator through an electromagnetic clutch and its mechanical drive, provides rotation of the shaft of the generator in one direction regardless of the direction of the reciprocating movement of the pontoon, which is important for the continuity of power generation.

The upper stops limit the pontoon's upward movement, provide the possibility of filling the pontoon with water through automatic water change valves with a maximum rise in the water level in the hydraulic support chamber.

The lower stops limit the pontoon's downward movement, provide the possibility of discharging water from the pontoon through automatic water change valves with a minimum water level in the hydraulic support chamber.

The execution of the upper and lower stops by spring-loaded prevents the pontoon from being damaged by the upper and lower stops. Also, the springs of the upper and lower stops can be used as sensitive elements of touch sensors.

The possibility of generating electricity regardless of the direction of movement of the pontoon (continuity of power generation) is part of the technical result achieved. The gear and gear wheel, which are engaged, form a gear that provides the required rotation speed of the input shaft of the mechanical drive of the electric generator; the gear ratio of this transmission is chosen experimentally or calculated according to known rules depending on the mechanical drive of the electric generator used, gear ratios of the chain gears and the average pontoon speed module. An electromagnetic clutch is used to disconnect the shaft of the generator from its mechanical drive when the pontoon reaches the extreme lower or extreme upper position. This prevents braking of the generator shaft by a mechanical drive (gear), which is also necessary to achieve the above-mentioned important technical result - the continuity of power generation. Automatic water change valves allow the pontoon to be filled with water (with the exception of its sealed air chamber) when the hydraulic support chamber is filled with water and the pontoon is in its upper position (while the water level in the hydraulic support chamber preferably reaches the upper spring-loaded stops). Water fills the pontoon, which is in its upper position, when automatic water change valves are opened, for example, by a signal from the touch pontoon of the upper spring stops, then the automatic water change valves are closed, for example, by a signal from the water pontoon fill sensor. The mass of the pontoon increases by the mass of water entering the pontoon, and this provides an important technical result: an increase in the thrust of the pontoon for vertical flexible communication when the pontoon moves down (as a result of lowering the water level in the hydraulic support chamber when opening the water drain shutter and closing the water intake shutter , for example, by a signal from a pontoon filling sensor with water) compared to the closest analogue. In the lower position of the pontoon, after lowering the water level in the hydraulic support chamber (preferably to a level below the location of the lower spring-loaded stops), the water change valves open, for example, by a signal from the touch sensor of the pontoon of the lower spring-loaded stops, allowing water to escape from the pontoon, then the change valves the water and the water drain shutter are closed, and the water intake shutter is opened, for example, by a signal from the pontoon emptying sensor. This ensures the emptiness of the pontoon when filling the hydraulic support chamber with water, and, therefore, the maximum Archimedean force and the maximum pulling force of the pontoon for vertical flexible connection when the pontoon moves upward (as a result of increasing the water level in the hydraulic support chamber when the drain valve is closed and the drain is closed water intake shutter). In various implementations of the proposed utility model, known automatic valves can be used as automatic water change valves, including float valves or, for example, triggered by a signal from a water level sensor, or these valves can be connected to the additional control system mentioned above.

The design and operation of the utility model is illustrated by examples of its implementation using the following schematic drawings (sketches).

Figure 1 shows a side view of a flow-through power plant with a section of a hydraulic support chamber.

Figure 2 shows a top view of figure 1.

Figure 3 shows a view A of figure 2.

Figure 4 shows the advantage of a pontoon with a sealed unit in comparison with a pontoon without a sealed unit.

Figure 5 shows a diagram of an example of mechanical control of a water change valve with a closed valve position.

Figure 6 shows a diagram of an example of mechanical control of a water change valve with an open valve position.

Figure 1 illustrates a utility model in motion, the pontoon is lowered.

Figure 2 and figure 3 illustrate a utility model regardless of the state of rest or movement.

The hydraulic support chamber 1 contains a shutter (a gate, a hydraulic shutter, see the article “Hydraulic shutter” in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Moscow, 1969-1978, v.6, p. 504) of water intake 2, a shutter (gate) drain water 3, lower spring-loaded stops 4, upper spring-loaded stops 5. Inside the hydraulic support chamber 1 there is a pontoon 6 containing a sealed air chamber 7 with air, sealed units 7 ′ made in the form of vertical pipes welded at their ends to the lid and bottom of the pontoon 6, drain valves 8 (drain valves In this position they prevent accidental ingress of foreign objects and water into the pontoon) and automatic water change valves 9 (see, for example, P.E. Osipov, Hydraulics and hydraulic machines, M., 1965, p. 312), hinges 10, 10 ′ to which the vertical flexible connection is attached - two vertical chain transmissions 11 with supports - chain sprockets 12, 13, mounted on shafts 14, 15, respectively, which are supports located respectively above and below the pontoon. The drive sprockets 16 of the horizontal direct chain drive 17 and 16 ′ of the horizontal cross chain gear 18 containing the deflecting vertical roller 19 are also mounted on the shaft 14. The driven chain sprockets are installed on the shaft 20 — the one-way rotation couplings 21, 23 of the chain gears 17, 18, respectively. The designs of the sprockets - couplings 21, 23 are not shown, since their schematic diagrams are known to specialists (see PF Dunaev, Designing units and parts of machines, M., 1966, pp. 284-289). A gear wheel 22 is also fixed on the shaft 20, in gearing with its gear 24, the shaft 25 of which is connected through the clutch 26 to the gearbox 27. The gearbox 27 is connected to the shaft of the electric generator 29 through an electromagnetic clutch 28, a flywheel 30 and a tachometer are fixed on the shaft of the electric generator 29 31, the wheel 22 is equipped with a brake 32. The flow-through power plant is connected to an automatic control electronic unit (not shown) made according to known schemes of electronic control devices. The control electronic unit is installed outside the hydraulic support chamber 1. The signal lines from the sensors and valves to the control electronic unit can be laid through openings used to communicate the hydraulic support chamber with the atmosphere. One skilled in the art will appreciate that a flow-through power plant can alternatively be connected to another known automatic control device, for example, an electromechanical or mechanical one. Therefore, the formula of the proposed utility model includes only features that are inherent in it in all its embodiments, for any applied control system, and features characterizing in particular cases a particular control system that can additionally be connected to the utility model are not included in the formula and not reflected in figure 1 - figure 3.

To the control electronic unit via flexible cables (not shown) are connected:

touch sensors (not shown in FIG. 1 - FIG. 3) mounted on one of the upper stops 5 and one of the lower stops 4;

actuators (for example, winches with electric motors 33, 34, see A. A. Vinson, Hoisting-and-transport machines, M., Engineering. 1975, p. 165), connected by rods, respectively, with shutters 2 and 3;

actuators (not shown in figure 1 - figure 3) valves 8;

actuators (not shown in figure 1 - figure 3) of the valves 9;

a tachometer 31 and a brake 32 provided with an actuator (not shown in FIG. 1 - FIG. 3);

water level sensors (not shown in FIG. 1 - FIG. 3) in the hydraulic support chamber 1.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that in other embodiments of the utility model, autonomous float type valves may be used as valves 8, 9, the actuation of which is provided by a change in the water level relative to the valve floats.

The flow-through power plant in the present embodiment is as follows.

Shutter 2 is connected with a higher one, and shutter 3 with a lower place during the river, for example, above and below the dam. The upper stops 5 are preferably mounted no higher than the upper pool of the dam. The lower stops 4 are preferably set no lower than the downstream of the dam.

When closing the shutter 2 and opening the shutter 3, the water exits by gravity from the filled hydraulic chamber support 1, and the water level begins to decline. The pontoon 6, loaded with water, with the valves 9 closed, begins to descend, transferring its weight through the hinges 10 to the chain gears 11, and rotating the sprockets 12 together with the shaft 14, with which they are rigidly connected, counterclockwise. The horizontal direct chain gear 17 transmits this rotation through the chain sprocket - one-way clutch 21 to the shaft 20 with gear wheel 22. In this case, the chain sprocket - one-way clutch 23 rotates clockwise with its cross gear 18 and slides on the shaft 20. From the gear 22, its counterclockwise rotation is converted to the clockwise rotation of its gear 24 and shaft 25, and from shaft 25, the rotation is transmitted through gearbox 27 and electromagnetic clutch 28 to the shaft of electric generator 29. Signals from the tachometer 31, reflecting the rotation speed of the shaft of the generator and, therefore, the speed of lowering the pontoon, enter the control unit. The speed of lowering the pontoon is regulated (limited) by the brake 32, the actuator of which sends a signal to the control unit. The downward movement of the pontoon is stopped by spring-loaded stops 4. From the touch sensor installed on the stop 4, a shutdown signal is supplied to the electromagnetic clutch 28, and the generator shaft 29 continues to rotate under the influence of the flywheel 30 (also to the flowing power plant, for example, to the shaft of its generator , an auxiliary engine can be connected to ensure uniform rotation of the generator shaft during periods when the pontoon is stopped when it is filled with water or when emptying; the driver needs an autonomous power supply that is not related to the generation of electricity by an electric generator 29).

Further, the control unit gives the opening signal to the actuators of the valves 9 and 8, for example, by a signal from the touch sensor by the pontoon of the lower spring stop 4 or, for example, by pre-empting the pontoon to touch the stops 4. The lead value can be calculated based on the signals from the tachometer. Valves 9, 8 open, release water from the pontoon and launch air into it.

The control unit after a predetermined period of time (sufficient to empty the pontoon) or, for example, by a signal from the emptying sensor of the pontoon, sends signals to close the valves 8, 9, to open the shutter 2, to close the shutter 3.

Then, through an open gate 2, water flows by gravity into the hydraulic chamber-support 1, and its level begins to rise. The control unit receives signals from water level sensors and limits its flow rate by supplying control signals to the actuator of the shutter 2, in order to avoid the effects of water hammer in the hydraulic support chamber 1.

In the hydraulic support chamber 1, an empty pontoon 6 rises with water from the stops 4. For example, by a signal from the touch sensor installed on one of the stops 4, the electromagnetic clutch 28 is turned on and transmission of torque to the generator shaft 29 resumes through the gearbox 27. the pontoon rotates the gears 11 through the sprocket bearings 13 and 12, the shaft 15 and the shaft 14 with the sprockets 12 clockwise (figure 2). In this case, the chain sprocket - the one-way rotation coupling 23 rotates counterclockwise with its cross chain gear 18 and rotates the shaft 20 with the wheel 22 as before counterclockwise, and the chain sprocket - the one-way coupling 21 rotates its direct chain drive 17 clockwise and slides on the shaft 20. Next, the gear 24 with the shaft 25 rotates clockwise, transmitting rotation through the couplings 26, 28, the gearbox 27 to the shaft of the electric generator 29. Pontoon 6, reaching the stops 5 in the upper part of the hydraulic support chamber, stopped INDICATES. From the touch sensor installed on one of the stops 5, a signal is sent to the control unit, which sends a signal to open the actuators of valves 8, 9. The pontoon is filled with water through open valves 9. The air leaves the pontoon through open valves 8. After a predetermined a period of time (sufficient to fill the pontoon with water), the control unit sends signals to close the valves 8, 9, to open the shutter 3, to close the shutter 2, and the cycle of movement of the pontoon is repeated. The shutter 2 closes and 3 opens, adjusting the water flow in the chamber 1 and the downward speed of the pontoon 6 filled to normal using the brake 32 when it is immersed in water excessively or when the lowering speed is excessive, in order to avoid “separation” of gears and mechanical drive, or in order to avoid damage to the pontoon when it hits the surface of the water or on the stops 4. The stops 4 and 5 are spring-loaded (the pontoon can also be equipped with spring-loaded heels), which mitigates the impact of the pontoon on the stops. When lowering the pontoon, the shaft 14 rotates counterclockwise. Chain sprocket - one-way clutch 21 rotates shaft 20 as before counterclockwise, and sprocket 23 slides. The pontoon 6 near the stops 4 is freed from water by opening the valves 8, 9 at a signal from the control unit, making it easier and damping the inertia. Then the pontoon becomes on the stops 4, the clutch 28 is turned off, and the shaft of the electric generator 29 freed from the gearbox 27 is rotated by the flywheel 30, until the water again enters the chamber 1 through the open shutter 2 with the shutter 3 closed, the pontoon starts to rise, and the clutch 28 again will turn on at the signal of the control electronic unit.

The installation will generate electricity of 147 kW at a water speed of 0.4 m / s, 37 kW at a water speed of 0.2 m / s, etc. Performance depends on the conditions created. The increase in performance is limited by the strength of the transmission chains and the permissible kinetic energy of the pontoon and the force of its impact on the stops. Calculation is attached.

The productivity of the installation increases with increasing volume of the pontoon (and, accordingly, traction), including its width, when necessary. The pontoon itself is also quite wide. One branch “B ₁ ” of the chain gear 11 should be above the center of gravity of the pontoon “C”, and the other “B ₂ ” should pass through the sealed pontoon assembly 7` (see FIG. 4), and then an advantageous (technological) chain gear is obtained. Otherwise, deflecting rollers "P" would be required for the branch "В <sub>2</sub> ", with an increase in the length of the chains at times and the complexity of the design. Rollers “P” would perceive lateral forces “B” (shown by arrows in FIG. 4) from the chain. The chain tension mechanism would become more complicated and other similar disadvantages would appear. In the case of an increase in the width of the pontoon, the transmission would undergo changes, and when passing through the pontoon (through the sealed pontoon assembly 7`), such changes would not be required. Rationally, the distance between the branches "B ₁ " and "B ₂ " equal to the diameter d _{1 of the} support stars 12, 13. In Fig. 4, the diameter d ₁ is 0.5 m.

In Fig.5 and Fig.6 shows a diagram of the mechanical control of the valve with the supply of hydraulic force.

The arrival of an empty pontoon is recorded in the control unit by the signal of the sensor 35 of the upper spring-loaded stop 5, taking into account the position of the float 36, determined by the movement of the load 37 of the float, which is recorded by the automation device 38. The upper hydraulic motor 39 is triggered by this signal (6), pushing the stop 40 of the hydraulic motor and pressing on the upper stop 41 of the valve 9, and the valve 9 opens. The bottom stop 42 is pressed to the bottom of the pontoon 6 by a lever 43 with a thrust 43` mounted on a hinge in the partition (without position) of the airtight chamber 7. At the end of filling, a signal is sent about the position of the float 36, load 37 through the automation unit 38 to the control unit, and hydraulic motor 39 relieves pressure. The spring 40` retracts the stop 40 of the hydraulic motor, releasing the upper stop 41 of the valve 9, and its spring through the rod 44 closes the valve 9 (figure 5). The signal from the float 36, load 37 sends the pontoon 6 when the water in the hydraulic support chamber 1 decreases. The float 36 and the load 37 are connected by a flexible connection thrown over the block (pulley) 45. The drain valve 8 is activated by the float 46. At the bottom, the lower hydraulic motor presses on the stop 42 and the valve 9 opens. There is a drain. The float 36 tracks the action. At the bottom, the location and interaction of the hydraulic motor is mirrored with respect to the top.

The proposed installation can be built into existing river waterworks (dams). Installation tested as a simplified model.

Approximate calculation of the performance of a power plant flowing

We accept. The volume of the hydraulic chamber is 7 m · 7 m · 2.6 m = 127 m ³

Pontoon. Material - Polyethylene γ _p = 0.92 t / m ³ ; Wall δ = 10 mm = 0.010 m.

Volume V _p = 7 m · 7 m · 0.6 m = 29.4 m ³ ; mass P _p = [7 ² · 2 + (7 · 0.6) · 4] · γ · δ _p = 1.1 (dry)

The volume of water in the pontoon V _p = 7 m · 7 m · 0.55 m = 27 m ³ G _p = 27 t

Force. a) When lifting *. P _sub = P _push -P _p = 29.4-1.1 = 28.3 t;

b) In a recession. P _sp = P _p + G _p = 1.1 + 27 = 28.1 t.

The speed of water in rivers is from a few cm / s. Up to 6-7 m / s (Great Soviet Encyclopedia 21 p. 609).

We accept V _in = 0.4 m / s

Tidal hole F _ol = 0.5 m · 0.5 m = 0.25 m ² . The chamber filling rate Q _n = 0.25 · 0.4 = 0.1 m ³ / s.

The chamber filling time t _to = 127 m ³ / 0.1 · 60 = 21 min. t _to = 21 minutes

Head height in the chamber. Н ₀ = 2.6 m -0.6 m -0.25 (middle hole) = 1.75 m (to the bottom h = 2 m)

The velocity of the outflow from the chamber at H ₀ = 1.75 m .

The discharge is equal to the flow rate Q _SL = Q _n = 0.1 m ³ / s;

A.M. Latyshev et al., M., 1956 “Hydraulics”, p. 155 (above) and Table 5.2 µ = 0.7

Area drain hole ; .

Party Hole . ά = 158 mm. t _discharge = 127 m ³ / 0.1 m ³ / s · 60 = 21 min. t _sl = 21 min.

Cycle time 21 min · 2 = 42 min. t _cycle = 42 min.

Turnovers, Torsion moments. Generator power

Scheme for calculation

d ₁ = 0.5 m d ₂ = 0.9 m d ₃ = 0.5 m D _to = 2.4 m d _w = 0.2 m i ₁ = 1.8 I = D _to / d _w = 12 i _ed = 6.3

Climb. Turnovers. 1) Circumference d ₁ l ₁ = π d ₁ = 3.14 · 0.5 = 1570 mm.

2) The length of the arc is 1 °: l ₂ = 1570/360 = 4.36 mm / deg. 3) Turns d ₁ per stroke h = 2 m.

.

n _d1 = n _d2 ; n _d3 = n _d2 · i ₁ = 21.84 · 1.8 = 39.3 rpm; n _d3 = n _Dк = 39.3 rpm

n _dш = n _Dк · i ₂ = 39.3 · 12 = 471 rpm. 4) The generator _speed n _g = n _dш · 6.3 = 471 · 6.3 = 3000 rpm

Forces and moments * P _lift = 28.3 t; M _cr on the shaft d ₁ = 28.3 t · 0.25 m = 7.075 t · m.

M _d3 = M _d1 / i ₁ = 7.075 / 1.8 = 3.93 tm M _dш = M _d3 / i ₂ = 3.93 tm / 12 = 327.5 kgm; M _p = M _dш / i = 327.5 / 6.3 = 52 _kgm ; Generator Power (Performance)

N _g = 314 · M _cr · η / 102 kg · m · 1 _pair = 314 · 52 · 0.92 (efficiency) / 102 · 1 _pair = 147 kW. N _g = 147 kW.

Claims (1)

Flowing power plant, containing a hydraulic support chamber, water receiving and discharging gates, pontoon, a mechanism for converting the pontoon's reciprocating movement into rotation of the electric generator shaft, including a vertical flexible connection mounted on and above the pontoon supports and a mechanical actuator in contact with it with an electric generator shaft, characterized in that the vertical flexible coupling is made in the form of vertical chain transmissions with the possibility of rotation of the chain sprockets and with One of the transmission branches through a sealed pontoon assembly, the mechanism for converting the pontoon's reciprocating movement into rotation of the generator shaft additionally includes horizontal direct and cross chain gears with chain sprockets - one-way rotation couplings mounted to rotate on one side of the shaft with the gear wheel and its gear, the shaft of which is connected to the shaft of the generator through an electromagnetic clutch and its mechanical drive, and the pontoon contains automatic cl Water pans shift and sealed air chamber and fluid chamber, the support comprises upper and lower spring-loaded stops.