RU137869U1 - DEVICE OF UNIVERSAL PROTECTION OF OPEN OPENINGS OF TWO-WAY TUNNELS OF METRO - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A system of universal protection devices for open two-tunnel underground openings, including a system of devices for forming curtains with a main fan, characterized in that the system includes slotted elements of ducts for forming flat jets of air, a radial fan in the housing integrated in the design of the curtain and taking air for the formation of a forced jet of the first stage of protection directly in front of the tunnel, placed above the tunnel by a ventilation chamber and a prechamber, connected by section air ducts with slotted elements of the second and third stages of protection, ventilation ducts for the formation of forced flows of warm air, through holes in the partition between the “warm” and “cold” tunnels to bypass air from one tunnel to another when a piston technological effect occurs and warm mixes with part of the cold air when the trains are moving near the opening. 2. The device system according to claim 1, characterized in that the slotted elements are made of height h, m, equal to the height of the open opening, and a width of b = 0.2 m; the prechamber is connected by separate duct channels with slotted elements, circular ducts of circular cross section with a diameter from Dn = 920 mm to Dn = 1420 mm, which are subsequently poured with concrete; radial fan, built into the curtain design, taking air to form a forced jet directly in front of the tunnel, with a capacity of L = 210,000 m / h, electric motor power of N = 11 kW, through holes are made of rectangular cross section d in the amount of 8 pcs., each width b = 0.4 m and height h equal to the height of the tunnel, with angle

Description

1. The technical field

The utility model relates to ventilation systems that provide 5 fencing from the access of cold air through the use of combined air curtains with the simultaneous redistribution of air flows to equalize temperature fields.

2. The prior art

A device is known, with the elements forming the oncoming air flows with the creation of an air curtain in front of the opening (Pat RU 2349843, IPC F24F 9/00, 2006).

A device with exhaust elements is known that optimizes the parameters of the thermal curtain, taking into account the angle of air outlet along the opening height depending on the outdoor temperature and the degree of overlap of the opening by the vehicle (Pat. RU 2338963, IPC F24F 9/00, 2006).

A disadvantage of the known devices is that when they are used for a tunnel opening in the subway, the air exchange balance is disturbed.

It is also known, adopted by the applicant as the closest technical solution, a universal air curtain device made of several protection levels with a main fan. The known device implements a method of forming a forced air curtain with several levels of protection (Pat. RU No. 2202077, IPC F24F 9/00, 2001).

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is that it cannot be provided with effective protection against freezing and icing due to heating, at a sufficient distance from the entrance to the opening, of the walls of the tunnel in the context of the operational turnover of oncoming vehicles in the subway. In particular, this is due to the lack of active air circulation between the tunnels without exiting and sucking air into the tunnel during the operation of the curtain.

3. Disclosure of utility model

3.1. The result of solving a technical problem

The technical task is to block the access of cold outside air to provide protection against freezing and icing of the walls of a double-track tunnel and technological equipment near open metro portals, by means of a multi-level air curtain and organized internal air exchange between oncoming tunnels.

The technical result is the provision in the open metro portals of the necessary climatic conditions for the operation of technological equipment and the designs of the subway tunnels for their reliable operation and operable state at negative outside temperatures. The solution of the technical problem and the technical result are achieved due to

special organization of the airflow device with a four-level universal air curtain, which ensures the prevention of the penetration of most of the cold outside air and the heating of part of the penetrated "cold" air by mixing with "warm" air due to air flowing from one 10 space ("warm" tunnel) to another ( “Cold” tunnel) with an open opening.

3.2. Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 is a plan view of a subway tunnel with an open portal protection complex device; in FIG. 2 - plan view - ventilation chambers and ventilation ducts above the tunnel; in FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section 1-1 in FIG. one; in FIG. 4 is a transverse section 15 2-2 in FIG. one; in FIG. 5 - scheme of combining flows in tunnels implemented by a system of devices,

where 1 is the “cold” entry tunnel; 2 - axis of the path of the "cold" (first) tunnel; 3 - “warm” exit tunnel; 4 - axis of the path of the "warm" (second) tunnel; 5 - a gap forming a forced flat stream of cold air; 6 - a gap forming a forced flat stream of warm air; 7 - intake of cold air of the first stage of protection by a radial fan in the housing (a radial fan in the housing is not shown in the diagram); 8 - a flat stream of cold air; 9 - direction of a flat stream of warm air; 10 - direction of the laying jet; 11 - special through holes in the partition between the “cold” (1) and “warm” (3) tunnels for the natural passage of air from one tunnel to another; 12 - direction of the flowing stream; 13 - lowering from the ventilation chamber; 14 - direction of train movement; 15 - separate ventilation ducts; 16 - prechamber; 17 - the main fan of forced injection of warm air; 18 - direction of air flow from the main fan of forced injection of warm air; 19 - a stream of external cold air; 20 - hole for air intake from the tunnel; 21 - the upper slit of the curtain; 22 - a wall being constructed separating the “warm” and “cold” tunnels; α ₀ (α _p ) is the angle of the direction of the cold (warm) plane jet, deg .; β is the angle of the direction of the spreading stream, deg; γ is the angle of the bypass jet, deg .; Lp is the distance of formation of a plane jet of the second stage from the place of formation of a plane jet of the first stage, m; Ln is the distance of the formation of the laying jet from the place of formation of the flat jet of the first stage of protection, m; Lк is the distance of the place of air bypass of the fourth stage of protection from the place of formation of a flat jet of the first stage, m; l is the distance of the place of intake of warm air from the place of formation of the flat jet of the first stage, m; Wi is the airflow intensity of the corresponding protection level (i = 1, 2, 3, 4), m / s.

3.3. Features

In contrast to the well-known technical solution, the universal protection device for open openings of double-track underground tunnels includes slotted elements of ducts (5.6) of the inlet (2) and exit (3) tunnels to form flat air jets (8, 9), at the exit from the tunnel, with a lateral two-way supply of a flat jet of cold (8) and warm (9) air, slotted elements (5) of cold air are made at an angle α ₀ °; with the possibility of forming a jet of intensity W1 m / s, the slotted elements (5) of the entry tunnel are configured to form an external flame shield; slotted elements of the exit tunnel (3) are configured to form an internal thermal protection torch; a radial fan in the housing (not shown in the diagram), built into the curtain structure and taking air to form a forced jet of the first stage of protection directly in front of itself from the tunnel; ventilation ducts and a pre-chamber (16) located above the tunnel, connected through separate ducts and ducts (15) with slotted elements of the second and third stages of protection, ventilation ducts for the formation of forced flows of warm air,

The slotted elements (6) of the second stage of protection are located at a distance Lp, m from the slotted element of the forced flat stream of cold air (5) of the entrance tunnel, made with the possibility of three-way supply of a flat stream of warm air at an angle α _p °, intensity W2 m / s;

The slotted element (10) of the spreading jet of the third stage of protection is configured to form the spreading jet with the intensity of the spreading jet W3 m / s, at an angle β °; placed at a distance Ln, m from the slot element of the forced plane stream of cold air (5), through holes (11) of the fourth stage in the partition (22) between the entrance and exit tunnels, for bypassing air from one tunnel to another when a piston technological effect occurs and mixing warm with part of the cold air when the trains are moving y are located at a distance Lk, m from the flat cold jet, they are capable of naturally passing air with an intensity of W4 = f (Vav) with the angle of rotation of the jet γ °, through the hole rstiya (11) in the wall (22) dividing the double-track tunnel.

where Vav is the average speed of a moving train.

In the particular case, the slotted elements of the first forced protection stage are installed directly in front of themselves at the exit of the tunnel, with local air intake, with the possibility of forming a jet of intensity W1 = (6-18) m / s, at an angle α ₀ = (20-40) ° ;

The slotted elements form the second forced protection stage with the possibility of forming a jet from the sides and from above at a distance Lp = (5-15) m, intensity W2 = (6-18) m / s, at an angle α _p = (20-40) ° ;

The slotted elements of the third stage of protection are formed with the possibility of forming a laying jet at a distance Ln = (10-30) m, with an intensity of W3 = (6-18) m / s, at an angle β = (0-10) °;

Through holes, the fourth stage of protection is formed at a distance Lk = (20-40) m, by “piston” natural air bypass with an intensity of W4 = (2-24) m / s with a jet rotation angle γ = (90-135) °, through the holes ( 11) in the wall (22) dividing the double-track tunnel into a “warm tunnel” and a “cold tunnel” at a distance l = (150-200) m.

3.4. Utility Model Embodiment

The solution to the problem is achieved due to the fact that a comprehensive protection of the open two-tunnel opening is created by creating two curtain-type air curtains (1st curtain 20 - cold and 2nd curtain - warm, respectively, 1st and 2nd protection levels), and one the curtains forming a laid stream of warm air (3rd stage of protection), while part of the penetrated cold air is heated by mixing with warm air due to the flow of air from one space (“warm” tunnel) to another (“cold” tunnel) ( 4th level of protection). The joint work of all stages of protection provides protection against longitudinal, transverse and cyclone unauthorized penetration of external cold air into the tunnel, which is not inherent in each of the adopted stages separately, in particular, protection against freezing of structures.

The main element of the gate air curtains is a flat jet of heated (9) or unheated air (8), which covers the (open) open door. The air distributor of air curtains is made in the form of a duct for uniform distribution of air (13), at constant static pressure. In the 1st stage of protection, an air curtain with a lateral two-way distribution and an air distributor are installed vertically. In the 2nd stage of protection, the air curtain distributes air from the side and top. The air-dispensing slit directs the air not parallel to the plane of the gate, but at an angle α _p towards the bursting outside air.

If the jet is directed along the plane, and the nozzle edge is in contact with the plane, then the jet will lie on the plane. Such jets are called semi-limited. The range of the semi-limited jet is greater than the free one, since the erosion of the jet in this case does not occur along the entire external contour, but only in that part of it that interacts with the surrounding air. The inhibitory effect of the plane along which the stream flows is insignificant compared to the inhibitory effect of the surrounding air. The boundary layer on the plane side has an insignificant thickness, while on the outside it rapidly grows and turns out to be approximately the same as that of a free stream. This property is used in 3 stages of protection, in which a stream of warm air (10) laying on the walls of the tunnel (1) warms them up, thereby eliminating the possibility of icing up the walls of the tunnel near the portal.

The 4th stage of protection uses the piston effect created by the train moving through the tunnel. When leaving the tunnel, the train “pushes” a stream of warm air in front of itself, which puts pressure on the walls of the tunnel. In this regard, special openings (11) are provided in the wall (22) separating the entry and exit tunnels through which warm air flows under the pressure of the leaving train into the “cold” tunnel (1). Warm air mixes with the air that entered the incoming train, and thereby blocks the penetration of cold further down the tunnel.

In the absence of the effects of the train on air currents or the movement of the train at low speeds, the gate (W1, W2), the floor W3) and the minimal natural protection by air flow (W4) without the piston effect sufficiently block cold air.

The system of universal protection of open two-tunnel underground openings is constantly operating.

In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 shows the main air flows of the implementation of the universal protection method of open two-tunnel underground openings, and the system for its implementation.

The system operates in a double-track tunnel with a partition or a solid wall between the tracks at a distance l, m, dividing the tunnel into two. One of the tunnels (“cold”) runs on the entrance (path I), and the second (“warm”) works on the exit (path II).

The first stage of protection is compulsory with a lateral two-way supply of cold air in the form of a flat shiberny stream of unheated air (8). The second stage of protection is compulsory with a three-way supply of warm air with a flat shiberny jet (9). The third stage of protection is compulsory with the supply of warm air by a spreading stream (10) along the walls of the “cold” tunnel (1). The fourth stage of protection is natural with piston technological air bypass from one tunnel to another through special openings (11) in the wall (22), dividing the double-track tunnel into a “warm tunnel” and a “cold tunnel”, to ensure mixing of warm air with part of the burst ( at the entrance of the train) cold air and blocking the spread of cold inside the tunnel.

One of the variants of the method consists in the fact that a flat jet of the first stage (8) is formed directly in front of itself at the exit of the tunnel, with a local air intake (7), with an intensity of W1 = 6-18 m / s, while the plane jets of the first and the second stage is formed at an angle α _{0 (p)} = 20-40 °, and a flat jet of the second stage is formed from the sides and from above at a distance Lр = 5-15 m from the flat cold stream, with an air flow rate of W2 = 6-18 m / s, the spreading jet is formed at a distance Ln = 10-30 m from a flat cold jet, at an angle β = 0-10 ° with flow intensity and air W3 = 6-18 m / s, and the fourth stage of protection is formed at a distance Lк = 20-40 m from a flat cold stream, with an angle of rotation of a stream of air passing through holes (11) in the wall (22), length l = 150-200 m, under the action of the piston effect, γ = 90-110 degrees.

The average optimal values for the winter period of climatic conditions of central Russia are the following indicators:

W1 = 12 m / s; α ₀ = 30 °; α _p = 30 °; Lр = 10 m; W2 = 8 m / s; Ln = 20 m; W3 = 8 m / s; Lк = 30 m; W4 = 12 m / s at Vп = 50 km / h; l = 200 m.

With the given indicators, a stable temperature is established in the near-wall region of the tunnel not lower than + 5 ° C.

A change in the ratios between the indicators both in the direction of decreasing and in the direction of increasing the absolute values of the indicators reduces the temperature in the near-wall region below the minimum acceptable, down to negative values and freezing, especially for the period of decrease in external temperatures, significantly lower than the average for the climate region under consideration.

The portal protection system (device) in the cold season has four levels of protection. The first is based on a lateral two-way air supply. The air intake is due to the operation of the radial fan built into the curtain structure, directly in front of itself from the tunnel. The casing of the structure is a uniform distribution duct with a slit forming a flat stream (Fig. 1). The flat jet is an air gate blocking the open opening from the penetration of cold outside air (19).

A ventilation chamber and ventilation ducts are located above the tunnel (Fig. 2). Due to the operation of the fan (17), warm air is taken in at a distance l from the portal from path II and enters the prechamber through the ventilation duct in construction (above the tunnel) (16). From the prechamber, air is supplied through separate ventilation channels (15) directly to each of the slots, which provide the second and third stage of protection.

The second stage of protection is also based on the scattering property of flat jets (but already warm air) flowing out of the gap with a speed of W2. The air outlet slots are located in building structures on three sides (two on the side and one on top) at an angle α _p (Fig. 1).

In the third stage of protection, the walls of the tunnel of the first path are blown with warm air due to the creation of a lay-out jet at the exit from the slot.

Under the fourth stage of protection, warm air is transferred from path II (3) to path I (1) through special openings in the wall (11). The flow of air occurs due to the piston effect created by the train moving along the II track (3). Thus, the mixing of warm air and part of the cold air that erupted with the incoming train.

The device system implements a method of universal protection of open two-tunnel underground openings, including the formation of a forced air curtain with several protection levels, while protection is carried out by four protection levels using the additional effect of their combined action and their combination, the first protection level is formed at the exit of the tunnel, with lateral feed duplex flat jet of cold air W1 intensity m / s, at an angle α ₀ °, the second stage is formed on the protection The distance Lp, m from the flat cold jets operate three-feed flat jet of warm air, the intensity W2 m / s, at an angle α _p °, the third protection stage is formed at a distance Ln, m from the flat cold jets operate feeding warm air lay warm with a jet with an intensity of W3 m / s, at an angle β °, the fourth stage of protection is formed at a distance Lk, m from a flat cold jet, by natural air bypass of intensity W4 = f (Vav) with an angle of rotation of the jet γ ° through holes in the wall, dividing double track t tunnel to the “warm tunnel” and “cold tunnel”,

where Vav is the average speed of a moving train.

In the device, the first stage of protection is forcibly formed directly in front of itself at the exit of the tunnel, with local air intake, with intensity W1 = (6-18) m / s, at an angle α ₀ = (20-40) °; the second stage of protection is forcibly formed from the sides and from the top of the tunnel at a distance Lр = (5-15) m, intensity W2 = (6-18) m / s, at an angle α _p = (20-40) °; the third stage of protection is formed forcefully at a distance of Ln = (10-30) m, performed by applying a warming jet along the walls of the “cold” tunnel with an intensity of W3 = (6-18) m / s, at an angle β = (0-10) ° ; the fourth stage of protection is formed by natural air bypass at a distance Lk = (20-40) m, intensity W4 = (2-24) m / s, with a jet rotation angle γ = (90-135) °, through holes in the wall separating the double-track the tunnel to the “warm tunnel” and “cold tunnel” at a distance l = (150-200) m.

4. Industrial applicability

In the system, for the formation of curtains, a device with a central axial fan (17) of type BOM-18P with a capacity of L ₁ = 210,000 m ³ / h and an electric motor power of N ₁ = 45 kW can be used. For the formation of air jets, for the first and second degree of protection, slotted elements (5, 6) are installed with a height of h ₁ , m equal to the height of the open opening and a width of b ₁ = 0.2 m. For the third stage of protection, forming a layered stream (10 ), slots were installed with a height of h2, m equal to the height of the tunnel and a width of b2 = 150 mm. To deliver air to the places of formation of the jets of the curtain of the second and third stages of protection, air ducts (15) of circular cross section are used, with diameters from Dn = 920 mm to Dn = 1420 mm, which are subsequently poured with concrete. The fan (17) and ducts (15) are located above the tunnel in the ventilation chamber. To implement the first stage of protection, a radial fan is used, which is integrated in the design of the curtain and takes air to form a forced jet directly in front of itself from the tunnel. Productivity L ₂ = 210,000 m ³ / h, electric motor power N ₁ = 11 kW. Special through holes (11) in the partition (22) between the “warm” (3) and “cold” (1) tunnels for passing air from one tunnel to another, in the event of a piston technological effect and mixing warm with part of the cold air, in the amount 8 pcs., Each with a width of b ₃ = 0.4 m and a height of h ₃ equal to the height of the tunnel, the length of the erected partition (22) l = 200 m.

Claims (2)

1. A system of universal protection devices for open two-tunnel underground openings, including a system of devices for forming curtains with a main fan, characterized in that the system includes slotted elements of ducts for forming flat jets of air, a radial fan in the housing integrated in the design of the curtain and taking air for the formation of a forced jet of the first stage of protection directly in front of the tunnel, placed above the tunnel by a ventilation chamber and a prechamber, connected by section air ducts with slotted elements of the second and third steps of protection, ventilation ducts for the formation of forced flows of warm air, through holes in the partition between the “warm” and “cold” tunnels for bypassing air from one tunnel to another when a piston technological effect occurs and mixing warm with part of the cold air when trains are moving near the opening. 2. The device system according to claim 1, characterized in that the slotted elements are made with a height h _i , m, equal to the height of the open opening, and a width b _i = 0.2 m; the prechamber is connected by separate duct channels with slotted elements, circular ducts of circular cross section with a diameter from Dn = 920 mm to Dn = 1420 mm, which are subsequently poured with concrete; radial fan, built into the curtain structure, taking air to form a forced jet directly in front of the tunnel, with a capacity of L ₂ = 210,000 m ³ / h, electric motor power N ₁ = 11 kW, through holes are made of rectangular cross section d in the amount of 8 pcs ., each with a width of b ₃ = 0.4 m and a height of h ₃ equal to the height of the tunnel, with a turning angle γ = (90-135) °, in the partition dividing the double-track tunnel into a “warm tunnel” and a “cold tunnel” at a distance l = 150 m.

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