RU137283U1 - DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SOFT WATER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for producing soft water containing reservoirs - chambers, one of which has a drain pipe in the lower part, characterized in that the device is made in the form of a three-chamber electrolyzer, in which the anode and cathode chambers connected to the diametrically opposite walls of the central chamber are connected to the central chamber through membranes made in the form of flat wicks, the electrodes are made of copper, or aluminum, or tinplate, or stainless steel, while the drain pipe is located at the bottom of the price sweeping chamber. 2. A device for producing soft water according to claim 1, characterized in that the membranes are made in the form of strips of 0.5-1 mm thick formed from three-five-layer cotton or linen, or hemp, pre-boiled in an aqueous solution of 6% acetic or citric acids , the electrodes are made in the form of a foil, and the volume of the anode and cathode chambers is 0.1-0.3 of the volume of the central chamber.

Description

This utility model relates to the field of electrochemistry, food, medical, chemical industry and, in particular, can be used for the production and purification of water, for the isolation of various chemicals from liquid solutions and for various production processes in the food industry, construction, chemical industry and etc.

There is a known problem associated with the presence in the water of hardness salts of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), which lead to the overgrowing of heating surfaces in boilers, kettles, pipes, the deposition of salts on plumbing fixtures and disable it.

The presence of these salts when washing leaves plaque on the hair and skin of a person, creating an unpleasant sensation of their "lack of water".

When washing, interacting with surfactants, soap or detergents, hardness salts bind them and require a greater consumption of oxen. In hard water, soap is poorly soaped, which is the simplest quality test for water hardness.

In the food industry, hard water degrades the quality of products, causing the precipitation of these salts during storage. This is typical for bottled drinking water, beer, juices, vodka and other drinks. Even when washing bottles, hard water leaves indelible smudges.

To eliminate or reduce the hardness of the water used to prepare various products, it is clearly regulated by regulatory documents and should be at the level of 0.1-0.4 mEq / l.

A known installation for water softening, containing a block of two tanks for producing soft water, filled with ion exchange resin, and a regeneration tank filled with material for regeneration.

The main body serves as a support for the reservoir block and provides switching between modes, the feed block is connected directly to the cold / hot water pipe and includes the first and second angle valves, into which raw water is supplied, the first and second elbows attached to the main the housing, and the first and second L-shaped connecting pipes connecting the first and second angle valves, respectively, with the first and second elbows. The exhaust block provides the release of soft water, running water and wastewater after regeneration from the main body, see patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2407707, C02F 5/00 from 10.10.2007.

As a prototype, an electrolyzer containing a casing divided into sections of preliminary electric processing in the form of a cathode chamber and a pipeline connecting the electroflotation treatment section to the anode chamber was selected, while the anode chamber is equipped with nozzles for introducing alkaline purified water and outputting neutralized water, and the mixing chamber is located after the cathode chamber formed by three vertical overflow partitions, while the last two partitions in the direction of the purified water are made of electric water material and are used as electrodes, and the mixing chamber is equipped with a nozzle in its lower part intended for introducing a solution, see RF patent No. 2453502 for “A method for treating wastewater from heavy and non-ferrous metal ions and a device for its implementation” , C02F 1/46, C02F 1/465, C02F 101/20 from 08/08/2010.

However, the known electrolyzer because of its design features does not provide a high degree of purification of the resulting soft water, as well as a sufficiently high productivity.

The purpose of creating this utility model is to achieve a technical result for increasing the productivity of water treatment and achieving high quality soft water.

The specified technical result is ensured by the fact that in the known device containing reservoirs - chambers, it is proposed to make it in the form of a three-chamber, electrolyzer, in which anode and cathode chambers are connected to the diametrically opposite walls of the central chamber, connected to the central chamber by means of gravity-capillary membranes made in the form of flat wicks, the width of the electrodes of the anode and cathode chambers is proposed to be made equal to the width of the gravitational-capillary membranes, the electrodes to perform and copper and / or aluminum and / or tin plate and / or stainless steel and / or foil, and connect them to the constant potential source, and the bottom of the central chamber positioned spout. In addition, gravity - capillary membranes are proposed to be made in the form of three to five-layer cotton or linen or hemp cloths, ribbons 0.5-1 mm thick, previously boiled in an aqueous solution - 6% acetic or citric acid, and the volume of anodic and cathode chambers create equal to 0.1-0.3 of the volume of the central chamber.

The device is illustrated in graphic materials. Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of the device.

A device for producing soft water consists of:

1 - the central camera;

2 - anode chamber;

3 - cathode chamber;

4 - gravity-capillary membranes;

5 - cathode;

6 - anode;

7 - drain pipe;

8 - prefabricated tank.

A device for producing soft water comprises a central chamber 1, to which anode 2 and cathode chamber 3 are adjacent from two diametrically opposite sides, which are connected to the central chamber by gravity-capillary membranes 4 made in the form of flat wicks. The width of the electrodes in the anode 2 and cathode 3 chambers is equal to the width of the gravitational-capillary membranes 4. In each chamber are electrodes made of copper and / or aluminum and / or tinplate and / or stainless steel and / or foil connected to a constant voltage source .

In the lower part of the central chamber 1 there is a drain pipe 7 for draining soft water into the tank 8. The chambers 1, 2, 3 are closed by a protective (blocking) cover (not shown in FIG. 1), which does not allow the user to get under electric voltage. Assembled in this way, the circuit is an electrolyzer.

We give a specific example of the implementation of the claimed device. For effective operation of the camera 1, 2, 3 are made rectangular. At the first stage, water is poured into all three chambers (as a rule, tap water, well, river, etc.) to a level that does not reach 5-8 mm to the upper edge of chambers 2, 3 or the inflection boundary of gravitational-capillary membranes 4.

The anode 2 and cathode 3 chambers are filled in a volume of 0.1-0.3 of the volume of the central chamber 1.

The central chamber 1 is connected to the anode 2 and cathode 3 chambers via gravity-capillary membranes 4, which are impregnated with water and form water films on their surfaces, which become a kind of water bridges, between chambers 1, 2, 3, conducting electric current and ions, t .e. between cathode 5 and anode 6.

The device is connected to a source of direct current voltage of 40-50 V. With the passage of electric current between the active electrodes 5, 6, i.e. through the body of water saturated with impurities of the mineral salts Ca, Mg, bacteria and other substances, an electrolysis process takes place, in which the ions of chemical substances and mineral salts begin to move to the active electrodes of the opposite sign.

The current principle of water softener are electrochemical processes on the surface of flat electrodes 5 and 6 in anode 2 and cathode 3 chambers. Gravity-capillary membranes 4 provide electrical contact between the working chambers 1, 2, 3 and the regulated movement of ions (cations and anions) into the electrolysis anode 2 and cathode 3 chambers. During electrolysis, positively charged ions (cations) move to the negative electrode, and negatively charged ions (anions) move to the positive. Thus, the process of water purification is continuous, which increases the productivity of the cell.

The central chamber 1 in this case is the base reservoir from which ions are transferred through the membrane 4 through the membrane 4 to the anode 2 of the cathode 3 of the chamber, on the electrodes of which, and in the near-electrode layer, electrochemical reactions occur. For a real utility model, the process of water softening is important, i.e. effective removal of positively charged Ca and Mg ions from the central chamber 1.

Positively charged Ca and Mg ions enter the cathode chamber 3, participate in electrochemical reactions and, as a part of insoluble salts, precipitate, forming a deposit on the cathode 6. A decrease in the concentration of Ca and Mg ions in chamber 3 creates a concentration gradient and contributes even more to the movement Ca and Mg ions from the central to the cathode chamber 3.

After the process reaches a stationary level, at which the change in the concentration of Ca and Mg ions begins to slow down, due to their small number, other physicochemical processes begin to play an important role.

After 1-1.5 hours, the device is disconnected from the constant voltage source and water from the central chamber 1 through the drain pipe 7 in the lower part of the central chamber 1 is poured into a collection tank 8.

The resulting water does not require filtration, because membranes 4 additionally play the role of filters and there is no suspension in the central chamber 1.

In this device, gravitational - capillary membranes 4 are the connecting elements of the device, which provide the possibility of free movement of positive ions of Ca and Mg. In this case, the movement of ions of other chemicals from the anode 2 and cathode 3 chambers is difficult due to gravitational and capillary forces that counteract the electric field.

To continue the process, the protective cover is removed (not shown in FIG. 1) and a new portion of water is poured into the central chamber 1.

Water in the anode 2 and cathode 3 chambers can be changed after 5-15 cycles.

However, it is possible to change the water in each cycle. After 15-20 cycles, it is necessary to replace or regenerate the electrodes and gravity - capillary membranes 4.

Regeneration of the electrodes involves stripping them with sandpaper of medium grain size.

The regeneration of membranes 4 involves boiling them for 10-15 minutes in an aqueous solution of acetic or citric acid (3-6%) and subsequent washing in boiled or softened water.

The claimed utility model is new, previously unknown anywhere, which indicates its compliance with the patentability criterion - novelty.

The utility model can be made in any chemical workshop, which indicates its compliance with the patentability criterion - industrial applicability.

Claims (2)

1. A device for producing soft water containing reservoirs - chambers, one of which has a drain pipe in the lower part, characterized in that the device is made in the form of a three-chamber electrolyzer, in which the anode and cathode chambers connected to the diametrically opposite walls of the central chamber are connected to the central chamber through membranes made in the form of flat wicks, the electrodes are made of copper, or aluminum, or tinplate, or stainless steel, while the drain pipe is located at the bottom of the price trawl chamber. 2. A device for producing soft water according to claim 1, characterized in that the membranes are made in the form of three to five-layer cotton or linen or hemp cloths with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm, previously boiled in an aqueous solution of 6% acetic or citric acid, the electrodes are made in the form of a foil, and the volume of the anode and cathode chambers is 0.1-0.3 of the volume of the central chamber.

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