RU130155U1 - REMOTE CONTROL DEVICE FOR WIRE, THREAT-PROTECTED CABLE OR ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION CABLE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for remote monitoring of the state of a wire, lightning protection wire or cable of an overhead power line, containing a housing intended for installation on a monitored element of an overhead line, and a self-contained power source and a control unit located in the housing, to which a measuring unit and a wireless transceiver are connected, while the control unit is configured to bind the measurement results to the exact time marks, transmit data and receive control commands through a wireless transceiver, and the measuring unit is equipped with current and temperature sensors of the monitored line element and at least one meter from the group: an inclinometer, a three-position accelerometer with G-sensor function, anemometer. 2. The device according to claim 1, in which the control unit is equipped with an autonomous chronometer with the possibility of adjusting it by control commands. The device according to claim 1, in which the control unit is equipped with a receiver of accurate time signals from the satellite navigation system GPS and / or Glonass. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to exchange data and commands with transceivers of devices of a similar purpose installed on the power line. The device according to claim 1, in which the measuring unit is equipped with an ultrasonic or laser rangefinder oriented in the direction of the earth. The device according to claim 1, additionally equipped with an autonomous video recorder connected to a control unit, which is configured to transmit an image to the ground terminal via a wireless transceiver. Device

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to remote control (monitoring) of electric power facilities and is intended for receiving and transmitting data to a terminal of a served substation or a control center of a power system, which makes it possible to assess the state of a controlled element (wire, cable or lightning protection cable) of an overhead power transmission line (OHL) and give a short-term forecast its changes.

State of the art

Remote control of overhead lines is used both to determine directly measured parameters and to obtain indirect estimates of the state of overhead line elements by calculation.

Known remote control devices placed in a housing mounted on a VL wire and configured to measure parameters characterizing the state and / or position of the wire being monitored and transmit monitoring results to a ground terminal [patents RU 95813, RU 115582, RU 2143165, RU 2222858] .

The device according to patent RU 2222858, which has a wide range of functions and is closest to the claimed one according to its technical nature, is selected as a prototype. The prototype contains a housing intended for installation on a controlled wire, and an autonomous power source and a control unit located in the housing, to which a measuring unit and a wireless transceiver are connected, while the control unit is capable of transmitting measurement results and receiving commands via a wireless transceiver, and a measuring the unit is equipped with current and temperature sensors of the monitored line element [RU 2222858].

The prototype contains a GPS or GLONASS satellite signal receiver with a position indicator in a three-dimensional coordinate system as part of the measuring unit, designed to directly obtain information about the static and dynamic position of the wire.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low accuracy of the three-dimensional coordinates received from GPS or GLONASS satellite receivers commercially acceptable for this application, and, accordingly, the low accuracy of estimating the size to the ground and the parameters of wire vibrations arising from aeolian vibration or when dancing wires covered with icy deposits . The elimination of this drawback through the use of complex and expensive types of high-precision satellite receivers deprives the device of commercial attractiveness.

A common drawback of these known devices, including the selected prototype, is that the information received from the device about the current state of the VL element being monitored does not allow the dispatcher of the electric grid enterprise to evaluate and predict the behavior of the VL elements with a high degree of reliability necessary for making effective decisions in complex meteorological conditions and / or heavy duty.

Utility model creature disclosure

The technical result of the utility model is an increase in the information content of the obtained data and, as a result, an increase in the reliability of the assessment and forecast of the behavior of the monitored wire, lightning protection cable (lightning cable) or cable located on the overhead line.

The subject of a utility model is a device for remote monitoring of the condition of a wire, lightning protection cable or overhead power line cable, comprising a housing intended for installation on a controlled overhead line element, and an autonomous power source and control unit located in the housing, to which a measuring unit and a wireless transceiver are connected, while the control unit is configured to bind the measurement results to the exact time stamps, transmit data and receive control their commands via the wireless transceiver, and the measuring unit is provided with current sensors and temperature controlled element line and at least one meter from the group: inclinometer, accelerometer with three-way function of the G-sensor, an anemometer.

The above technical result is achieved with any of the above alternatives.

The utility model has developments that further increase the informativeness of control, ease of use, and clarify the implementation of the device in particular cases of its implementation.

The development of the utility model is that

the control unit is equipped with an autonomous chronometer with the ability to correct it with control commands and / or a receiver of accurate time signals from the satellite navigation system GPS and / or GLONASS;

- the wireless transceiver is configured to exchange data and commands with transceivers of devices of a similar purpose installed on the power line;

- the measuring unit is equipped with an ultrasonic or laser range finder oriented in the direction of the earth;

- the device is additionally equipped with a standalone video recorder connected to a control unit, which is configured to transmit an image to a ground terminal through a wireless transceiver;

- the autonomous power source is made in the form of batteries that are not to be recharged or in the form of a battery equipped with a means of recharging from a solar battery;

- the anemometer is equipped with a guiding apparatus and is oriented with the ability to measure the speed of the air flow directed across the line;

- the measuring unit is equipped with an air temperature sensor;

- the control unit is connected to an autonomous power source and is configured to monitor its status and transmit monitoring results to the ground terminal via a wireless transceiver;

- the current sensor of the controlled element is based on the Hall effect.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 illustrates a functional block diagram of a device, taking into account the development of a utility model; figure 2. shows a general view of the device installed on the overhead line.

Implementation of a utility model, taking into account its developments

The figures show:

1 - wire, ground wire or cable (controlled element) VL,

2 - case;

3 - autonomous power supply;

4 - control unit;

5 - measuring unit;

6 - wireless transceiver,

7 - current sensor based on the Hall effect,

8 - temperature sensor of the controlled element,

9 - inclinometer (measuring angle to the horizontal);

10 - three-position accelerometer with built-in G-sensor function (three-dimensional acceleration vector meter with the function of calculating spatial coordinates);

11 - anemometer (measuring speed of a soulless flow), oriented transversely to the direction of the overhead line;

12 - autonomous chronometer;

13 - receiver of accurate time signals from the satellite navigation system GPS and / or GLONASS;

14 - ultrasonic or laser range finder, oriented in the directions of the earth;

15 - autonomous video recorder;

16 - solar battery

17 - air temperature sensor,

In addition, the figures show the antennas 18 and 19, which are equipped with a transceiver 6 and a receiver 13, respectively.

Below, as an example of the implementation of the utility model, a device is described in which the measuring unit is equipped with three meters:

inclinometer 9 (measuring the angle of inclination to the horizontal), a three-position accelerometer 10 with a G-sensor function (measuring the three-dimensional acceleration vector with the function of determining the displacement relative to the starting position or starting point) and an anemometer 11 (measuring the air velocity, oriented transversely to the overhead line).

The housing 2 is installed on the controlled element 1 (wire, ground wire, optical or other cable) in one of the overhead lines, preferably in the span, which is dangerous from the point of view of violation of regulatory requirements. For the inclinometer 9 to work correctly, the housing 2 must be placed on the inclined part of the element 1. The housing 2 is installed so that the range finder 14 and the DVR 15 are oriented in the direction of the earth, and the anemometer 11 is oriented (for example, using a guiding device) across the element 1. Temperature sensors 8 and 17 should have good thermal contact with the element 1 and the surrounding air, respectively, as well as good thermal insulation from other elements of the device.

If the source 3 is made in the form of batteries that are not to be recharged, then they must be periodically updated during operation. If the source 3 is made in the form of a battery equipped with a means of recharging from the solar battery 16, then it can be recharged continuously or periodically. In all cases, it is advisable to control the state of the source 3 by block 4 with the transmission of the corresponding data to the ground terminal.

The transceiver 6 can be performed, for example, in the form of a cellular modem using the GPRS protocol. In those cases when the device is located in areas not covered by reliable cellular communications, the wireless transceivers 6 can be performed, for example, with the possibility of exchanging data and commands with transceivers of other similar devices installed on the same or adjacent transmission line.

The device operates as follows.

Through the antenna 19, the receiver 13 receives timestamps from the GPS or GLONASS satellite system. At predetermined points in time, the control unit 4 reads the signals from the sensors 7-11, 14 and 17 of the measuring unit 5, if necessary, digitizes the signals of the sensors having an analog output, attaches the resulting data array to exact time stamps and stores it in the internal memory of unit 4.

Periodically or at the request of the ground terminal (from which the corresponding control command is sent to block 4 via transceiver 6), the accumulated data annotated with the corresponding time stamps are read from the internal memory of block 4 and transmitted to the ground terminal through transceiver 6 and antenna 18.

In the absence of cellular coverage on the VL line, data transmission to the ground terminal and receiving commands from it can be carried out from device to device, which, sequentially receiving and transmitting information, ultimately provide each of them with a ground terminal of the dispatcher.

Instead of timestamps from the receiver 13, timestamps from an autonomous chronometer 12 can be used, which can be configured to set (according to the control command received through the transceiver 6) the frequency of polling of sensors and data transmission sessions to the ground terminal.

In a similar manner (periodically or at the command of a ground terminal), images received by the DVR 15 can be transmitted.

The ground terminal processes monitoring data to develop recommendations for controlling the overhead line operation mode (including recommendations for starting and stopping ice melting). The contribution of the sensors and meters of block 5 to monitoring and obtaining estimates and forecasts used to make these recommendations is explained below.

Sensor 7 allows you to determine the actual value of the current flowing through element 1 in a controlled span of overhead lines. This current may not coincide with the current measured at the ends of the overhead line, both due to the presence of intermediate solders, and due to leaks and unaccounted connections (including unauthorized ones). The implementation of the sensor 7 based on the Hall effect allows you to control both alternating and direct current (this may be the operating current of the high-voltage direct current or the melting current of ice on a wire or ground wire).

The sensor 8 monitors the temperature of the element 1 to prevent its overheating or unacceptable thermal elongation both in the operating mode and in the ice melting mode.

The inclinometer 9 controls the change (relative to the initial value) of the angle of inclination of the housing 2 (and, therefore, element 1) with respect to the horizontal.

Using the readings of inclinometer 9, the actual elongation of element 1 can be calculated under the combined influence of temperature and distributed vertical load, for example, from ice deposits. Knowing the actual length of element 1 in the overhead span also allows you to calculate the arrow of its sagging and, therefore, the dimension to the ground or ground objects. Then, using the well-known temperature dependence of the length of element 1, it is possible, according to the readings of sensors 8 and 9, to highlight the contribution made to the elongation of element 1 by increasing the distributed vertical load and to evaluate the intensity of ice deposits.

Depending on the reliably determined value of the detected ice deposits, a decision can be made to remove them in the melting mode or a decision to increase the current load for preventive heating of the wires.

The accelerometer 10 measures a three-dimensional acceleration vector caused by the resultant force of a non-gravitational nature. The results of these measurements are used to determine the inertial speed and change the spatial coordinates of the device relative to the previously set initial three-dimensional coordinates (built-in function of the G-sensor). This, in turn, allows you to determine the frequency and amplitude of the oscillations of the controlled element 1.

An anemometer 11 (for example, an anemometer), oriented horizontally across the element 1 (for example, using a guiding device), provides data on the relative speed V of the air flow directed across the element 1. These data can be used, in particular, to calculate the frequency the formation and disruption of Karman’s vortices [Guidelines for typical protection against vibration and sub-oscillations of wires and lightning protection cables of overhead power transmission lines with a voltage of 35-750 kV, RD 34.20.182-90, SPO RPGRES, Moscow, 1991] according to the formulas e:

where υ is the frequency of formation and disruption of air vortices, Hz;

V is the relative air velocity, m / s;

D is the diameter of the element 1, mm.

When the frequency coincides with one of the natural frequencies of the oscillations of element 1, its stable forced oscillations (vibration) arise with this frequency. The intensity (amplitude) of these dangerous vibrations depends on the speed and uniformity of the air flow, the amount of self-damping of the wire and the efficiency of vibration dampers, if installed on the wire.

One of the most informative parameters for monitoring OHL is the magnitude of the tension of a wire or other controlled element of OHL. If, using meters 10 and 11, the frequency and amplitude of vibration of the wire are determined, then the magnitude of the tension N can be calculated by the formula:

where ω is the oscillation frequency, Hz

m is the known linear mass of the wire, kg / m,

And - the amplitude of the oscillations, m

The combined use of meters 9, 10 and 11 allows us to analyze their data both individually and in combination, and thereby further increase the accuracy and reliability of estimates and, as a result, increase the effectiveness of decisions to prevent accidents and reduce the risk of hazardous effects.

The range finder 14 directly determines the distance over which the current value of the size of the wire is calculated to the ground or to the ground object located at the time of measurement.

Video recorder 15 allows the dispatcher to receive visual confirmation of assessments of the state, position and behavior of the monitored overhead line element and the operational situation in its security zone based on sensor readings.

The sensor 17 measures the ambient temperature, which is used in calculating the permissible current load, as well as to detect local increases in air temperature in a controlled span (for example, due to close fires or fires in the OHL protection zone).

Industrial applicability

The proposed device is applicable for monitoring the state and position of various extended elements suspended between the supports of overhead lines - insulated wires, lightning cables, cables.

The utility model can be implemented using commercially available electronic devices that have proven themselves when used in other areas of technology (for example, tablets, smartphones, navigators, car DVRs, etc.).

Claims (12)

1. A device for remote monitoring of the state of a wire, lightning protection cable or overhead power line cable, comprising a housing intended for installation on a monitored overhead line element and an autonomous power source and a control unit located in the housing, to which a measuring unit and a wireless transceiver are connected, while the control unit is configured to bind the measurement results to the exact time stamps, transmit data and receive control commands via wireless reception a transmitter, and the measuring unit is equipped with current and temperature sensors of the line element being monitored and at least one meter from the group: an inclinometer, a three-position accelerometer with a G-sensor function, an anemometer. 2. The device according to claim 1, in which the control unit is equipped with an autonomous chronometer with the possibility of correction by control teams. 3. The device according to claim 1, in which the control unit is equipped with a receiver of accurate time signals from the satellite navigation system GPS and / or Glonass. 4. The device according to claim 1, in which the wireless transceiver is configured to exchange data and commands with transceivers of devices of similar purpose installed on the power line. 5. The device according to claim 1, in which the measuring unit is equipped with an ultrasonic or laser range finder, oriented in the direction of the earth. 6. The device according to claim 1, additionally equipped with a standalone video recorder connected to a control unit, which is configured to transmit images to a ground terminal through a wireless transceiver. 7. The device according to claim 1, in which the autonomous power source is made in the form of batteries that are not to be recharged. 8. The device according to claim 1, in which the autonomous power source is made in the form of a battery equipped with a means of recharging from a solar battery. 9. The device according to claim 1, in which the anemometer is equipped with a guiding apparatus and is oriented with the possibility of measuring the speed of the air flow directed across the line. 10. The device according to claim 1, in which the measuring unit is equipped with an air temperature sensor. 11. The device according to claim 1, in which the control unit is connected to an autonomous power source and is configured to monitor its condition and transmit monitoring results to the ground terminal via a wireless transceiver. 12. The device according to claim 1, in which the current sensor of the controlled element is based on the Hall effect.

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