RU129699U1 - POWER CABLE NOT CONTAINING LEAD COMPOUNDS, DANGEROUS TOXICITY OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A cable containing at least one conductive core coated with insulation in the form of an extruded film of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic compound, and an outer sheath in the form of an extruded film of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, filled with cable polyvinyl chloride plastic compound in the form of an amorphous internal filler, wherein PVC the plastic compound for insulation and the outer shell contains polyvinyl chloride, an ester plasticizer, a stabilizer and a flame retardant smoke suppressor, including calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, trihydrate t alumina, magnesium hydroxide, antimony trioxide, zinc borate, chlorinated polyethylene, calcium oxide or hydroxide, magnesium oxide or copper oxide, calcined kaolin, dipentaerythritol, or a mixture of polymeric pentaerythritol esters, or maleic anhydride, phthalic ester of organic acids, or mono glycerol, or an ester of a polyol and organic fatty acids in the following ratio of components of the composition, parts by weight: Suspension polyvinyl chloride 100 Ester plasticizer 35-80 Stabilizer 3-10 Calcium carbonate 10-15 0 Zinc oxide 0.2-9 Alumina trihydrate or magnesium hydroxide, or a two-component mixture in the ratio 0.5-1: 125-100 Antimony trioxide 0-4 Zinc borate 0.5-20 Calcium oxide or hydroxide 0.5-10 Magnesium oxide or copper oxide 0.2-2 Caolin calcined 1-15 Chlorinated polyethylene 0-12 Dipentaerythritol or a mixture of polymer pentaerythritol esters, or maleic anhydride 0.1-1.5 Phthalic ester of organic acids or glycerol monooleate, or a complex ester of polyol and organic fatty acids 0.1-22. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation and / or outer shell

Description

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely, to cable technology, in particular, to the designs of power cables intended for transmission and distribution of electrical energy.

A power cable is known that contains conductive conductors twisted in one direction, each of which is coated with PVC compound insulation and an external sheath of PVC compound located on top of the conductive wires, the insulation and external sheath is made of PVC compound, including, by weight: Polyvinyl chloride - 100 , Ester plasticizer - 40-55, Lead stabilizer - 5-7, Fire retardant smoke suppressor - 60-130, Ionol with diphenylol propane in the ratio 3: 1-1: 3 - 0.4-1 and / or titanium dioxide with kaoli Mr. dehydrated in a ratio of 2: 1-1: 2 - 10-20. The cable is additionally equipped with armor placed over twisted conductive conductors and additionally contains an inner sheath located under the outer sheath and made of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, including, by weight: polyvinyl chloride - 100, ester plasticizer - 60-80, lead stabilizer - 3-6 , Fire retardant smoke suppressor - 120-520, Ionol with diphenylol propane in a ratio of 3: 1-1: 3, and / or Titanium dioxide with kaolin dehydrated in a ratio of 2: 1-1: 2 - 10-20 (RU N 20407).

The disadvantage of this cable is the presence of lead compounds in its composition - highly toxic substances, the use of which is regulated by European Directives and is constantly limited.

Known power cable containing copper or aluminum conductive conductors, each of which has a thermal barrier and is coated with insulation from polyvinyl chloride plasticate, does not contain lead stabilizers and including, parts by weight: Polyvinyl chloride 100; plasticizer 45 ÷ 65; Ca-Zn complex stabilizers 4 ÷ 12; epoxy stabilizers 0.5 ÷ 5; UV stabilizers 1 ÷ 5; anti-smoke suppressor 20 ÷ 80; filler 30 ÷ 80; lubricants of internal and external action 0.1 ÷ 5; ionol to 0.1; diphenylpropane up to 0.3, twisted together, on top of twisted insulated conductive cores, an inner sheath of polyvinyl chloride plasticate is applied, including parts by weight: polyvinyl chloride 100, plasticizer 50 ÷ 90, Ca-Zn complex stabilizers 4 ÷ 10, epoxy stabilizers 0.5 ÷ 3, anti-smoke suppressor 5 ÷ 20, filler 90 ÷ 320, lubricants of internal and external action 0.1 ÷ 4, ionol up to 0.1, diphenylpropane up to 0.3, on top of which an outer shell of PVC compound that does not contain lead stabilizers is applied including m s.ch polyvinyl .: 100; plasticizer 45 ÷ 65; Ca-Zn complex stabilizers 4 ÷ 12; epoxy stabilizers 0.5 ÷ 5; UV stabilizers 1 ÷ 5; anti-smoke suppressor 20 ÷ 80; filler 30 ÷ 80; lubricants of internal and external action 0.1 ÷ 5; ionol to 0.1; diphenylpropane to 0.3. The cable further comprises a thermal barrier overlaid on top of the inner shell, or further comprises a thermal barrier and a shield in the form of a winding made of copper foil or tape over the inner shell, or further comprises a thermal barrier and armor from steel tapes over the inner shell (RU N 94374, prototype).

The disadvantage of this cable is insufficient fire resistance, the release of toxic products during smoldering and burning, which leads to negative consequences for human health and death in fires.

The objective of the utility model is to create an effective, technologically advanced and environmentally friendly cable design that has reduced smoke emission during smoldering and burning, as well as the release of corrosive hydrogen chloride in a fire, low toxicity of combustion products, a high degree of non-proliferation of combustion, and an increase in the possibility of maintaining operability under exposure open flame and expanding arsenal of power cables.

The technical result that ensures the solution of the problem is achieved by the fact that in the power cable containing conductive cores, polyvinyl chloride plasticate is used as polymer material, low-hazard in terms of toxicity of combustion products, with low smoke emission during smoldering and burning and an oxygen index of at least 32.

The essence of the utility model is that the cable contains at least one conductive core coated with insulation in the form of an extruded film of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic compound, and an outer sheath in the form of an extruded film of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, filled with cable polyvinyl chloride plastic compound in the form of amorphous internal filler, and PVC compound for insulation, the outer shell and internal filling contains polyvinyl chloride, ester plasticizer, stabilizer and flame retardant n damping agent comprising calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, antimony trioxide, zinc borate, chlorinated polyethylene, calcium oxide or hydroxide, magnesium oxide or copper oxide, calcined kaolin, dipentaerythritol or a mixture of polymer esters of pentaerythritol male or phthalic ester of organic acids or glycerol monooleate or ester of a polyol and organic fatty acids in the following ratio of components of the composition, parts by weight

Suspension Polyvinyl Chloride one hundred Ester plasticizer 35-80 Stabilizer 3-10 Calcium carbonate 10-150 Zinc oxide 0.2-9

Alumina trihydrate or magnesium hydroxide

or their two-component mixture in a ratio of 0.5-1: 1 25-100 Antimony trioxide 0-4 Zinc borate 0.5-20 Calcium oxide or hydroxide 0.5-10 magnesium oxide or copper oxide 0.2-2 calcined kaolin 1-15 Chlorinated polyethylene 0-12

Dipentaerythritol or

a mixture of polymeric pentaerythritol esters or

maleic anhydride 0.1-1.5

phthalic ester of organic acids or

glycerol monooleate or

ester of polyol and organic fatty acids 0.1-2

Preferably, as a complex thermal stabilizer, it contains non-toxic complex calcium - zinc thermal stabilizers with a calcium content in the range of 0.1-40%, zinc - 0.5-12%, intended for extrusion of cable insulation materials and a cable sheath of high quality.

The insulation and / or outer sheath of the cable can also be made of halogen-free silicone rubber with a toxicity index T of at least 121 g / m ³ .

In particular cases of implementation:

the cable may further comprise a winding of at least one organic or inorganic tape over the insulation of the core or of the core of the isolated core twisted;

in all versions, the cable may further comprise, on top of the insulation and / or on top of the inner sheath twisted into the core of the insulated cores additionally insulated, a metal screen made of copper tapes or copper wires;

the cable may further comprise, on top of the core insulation or on top of the core strands twisted into the core, the inner sheath and armor in the form of a winding of metal tapes superimposed overlapping, or in the form of spirally imposed metal wires;

the cable is equipped with armor placed on top of twisted conductive conductors and plastic compound of the internal filler;

the cable is equipped with a thermal barrier placed on top of the insulation of the conductive conductors and / or the outer sheath;

the cable is equipped with a thermal barrier and a shield in the form of a winding made of copper foil or tape over the insulation of conductive wires and / or the outer sheath;

the cable is equipped with a thermal barrier and armor placed on top of the insulation of conductive conductors and / or the outer sheath.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, in which the power cable is shown in section (Fig. 1-6).

The cable (Fig. 1-2) contains conductive conductors 1, on top of each of which a winding of glass mica tapes 2, insulation 3, and a metal shield 4 are sequentially arranged. The conductors are twisted into a common core; over the core, the cable contains a winding with tape 5, inner sheath 6, metal screen 7, armor 8 in the form of a winding of metal tapes superimposed overlapping, or in the form of longitudinally superimposed metal wires, the outer shell 9.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of a cable without a shield, thermal barrier and armor, figure 4 is a diagram of a cable with armor on top of the insulation of conductive cores, figure 5 is a diagram of a cable with a thermal barrier on top of the outer sheath, figure 6 - a diagram of a cable with a thermal barrier and with a screen over the insulation of live conductors.

Figure 3-6 marked: conductive core 1 (or twisted conductive conductors), insulation 2 conductors 1, cable PVC compound 3 of the internal filler, outer shell 4, armor 5, thermal barrier 6, screen 7.

In particular cases of implementation:

- the cable is equipped with armor 5 (figure 4), applied over twisted

conductive conductors 1 and plastic compound 3 of the inner filler;

- the cable is equipped with a thermal barrier 6 (figure 5), laid on top of the insulation 2 of the conductive wires 1 and / or the outer sheath 4;

- the cable is equipped with a thermal barrier 6 (Fig.6) and a shield 7 (Fig.6) in the form of a winding made of copper foil or tape over the insulation 2 of the conductive conductors 1 and / or outer shell 4;

- the cable is equipped with a thermal barrier 6 and armor 5, laid on top of the insulation 2 of the conductive conductors 1 and / or outer shell 4.

- the cable is equipped with a thermal barrier 6 and armor 5, laid on top of the insulation 2 of the conductive conductors 1 and / or outer shell 4.

Conductor 1 is designed and carries out the passage of electric current. Insulation 2 of conductive core 1 insulates the conductor in the cable mechanically and electrically, i.e. serves to provide the necessary electrical strength of the conductive conductors (cores 1) of the power cable with respect to each other. The outer (outer) sheath 4 of the cable physically protects the internal components of the cable, making it resistant to cuts and tears, gives the appearance and provides resistance to burning.

In addition, it protects against external influences and deformation during installation. The plastic compound 3 of the internal filling is intended to eliminate free gaps between the structural elements of the power cable in order to seal, give the necessary shape and mechanical stability of the cable structure, and also serves to provide the necessary electrical strength of the conductive conductors (cores 1) of the power cable with respect to each other. Armor 5, thermal barrier 6 and shield 7 serve to give additional operational properties in special cases of cable implementation, for example, to protect (suppress) interference, protect from thermal and other radiation, etc.

The table shows the normalized cable characteristics.

Table. Cable specifications Name of characteristic Technical requirements Power cable Known cable (prototype) Proposed cable 1. non-proliferation of combustion in accordance with GOST R IEC 60332-3-22-2005, category BUT The length of the charred part is not more than 2.5 m. the length of the charred part of the cable 1.6-2 m length of charred cable part 1.0.1.3 m 2. smoke generation during combustion and smoldering of a cable product in accordance with GOST R IEC 61034-1,2 Decrease in light transmission no more than 50% reduction in light transmission not more than 25% reduction in light transmission not more than 20% 3. the content of hydrogen chloride in the combustion products in accordance with GOST R IEC 60754-1,2 The content of hydrogen chloride: not more than 15% The content of hydrogen chloride: 20-30% The content of hydrogen chloride: 3.6-6% 4. reliability requirements (service life) Not less than 30 years 20-25 years 30-36 years old 5. the equivalent indicator of the toxicity of combustion products T _x g / m ³ No less than 121 70 162 ¹⁾ 6. fire resistance of a cable product under conditions of a flame in accordance with GOST R IEC 60331 Maintaining operability under open flame conditions for at least 90 min No more than 60 minutes More than 90 min ²⁾

Cable specifications are confirmed by field tests.

The inventive cable complies with fire safety standards NPB 248-97 "Electric cables and wires. Fire hazard indicators. Test methods ", GOST R 53315-2009" Cable products. Fire safety requirements ”, according to GOST 12.1.044-89, refers to low-hazard materials.

The cable is used to transmit electric energy or signals over a distance: power lines, power supply to industrial enterprises, vehicles, public utilities, preschool and school educational institutions, specialized nursing homes for disabled people, hospitals, boarding schools; trunk communication lines, power supply to moving working machines - excavators, cutting and peat mining machines, etc .; electrical equipment of ships, aircraft, etc .; as well as gaskets in fire protection systems and other systems that must remain operational in a fire.

Using the proposed cable design will improve the fire safety characteristics of the cable - increase the non-proliferation rate, provide a low emission of smoke and hydrogen chloride during a fire, provide a low emission of toxic products during combustion while maintaining low combustibility, improve the environmental safety of cable plastic compounds, expand the arsenal of power cables

Claims (10)

1. A cable containing at least one conductive core coated with insulation in the form of an extruded film of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic compound, and an outer sheath in the form of an extruded film of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, filled with cable polyvinyl chloride plastic compound in the form of an amorphous internal filler, wherein PVC the plastic compound for insulation and the outer shell contains polyvinyl chloride, an ester plasticizer, a stabilizer and a flame retardant smoke suppressor, including calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, trihydrate t alumina, magnesium hydroxide, antimony trioxide, zinc borate, chlorinated polyethylene, calcium oxide or hydroxide, magnesium oxide or copper oxide, calcined kaolin, dipentaerythritol, or a mixture of polymeric pentaerythritol esters, or maleic anhydride, phthalic ester of organic acids, or mono glycerol, or an ester of a polyol and organic fatty acids in the following ratio of components of the composition, parts by weight: Suspension polyvinyl chloride 100 35-80 ester plasticizer Stabilizer 3-10 Calcium Carbonate 10-150 Zinc oxide 0.2-9 Alumina trihydrate or magnesium hydroxide, or their two-component mixture in a ratio of 0.5-1: 125-100 Antimony trioxide 0-4 Zinc borate 0.5-20 Calcium oxide or hydroxide 0.5-10 Magnesium oxide or copper oxide 0.2-2 Calcined kaolin 1-15 Chlorinated Polyethylene 0-12 Dipentaerythritol or a mixture of polymeric pentaerythritol esters, or maleic anhydride 0.1-1.5 Phthalic ester of organic acids or glycerol monooleate, or ester of polyol and organic fatty acids 0.1-2 2. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation and / or the outer sheath is made of halogen-free silicone rubber with a toxicity index of at least 121 g / m ³ . 3. The cable according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it further comprises a winding of at least one organic or inorganic ribbon over the insulation of the core or of the core of the isolated core twisted. 4. The cable according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains an extruded inner sheath over the twisted core of the isolated conductors. 5. The cable according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it additionally comprises, on top of the insulation and / or on top of the metal screen made of copper tapes or copper wires, superimposed on top of the inner core sheath twisted into the core of the insulated cores. 6. The cable according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises, on top of the core insulation or on top of the core strands twisted into an insulated core, an inner sheath and armor in the form of a winding of metal tapes superimposed overlapping, or in the form of spirally imposed metal wires. 7. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with armor imposed on top of twisted conductive conductors and plastic compound of the inner core. 8. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a thermal barrier placed on top of the insulation of the conductive conductors and / or outer shell. 9. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a thermal barrier and a screen in the form of a winding made of copper foil or tape over the insulation of conductive conductors and / or outer shell. 10. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a thermal barrier and armor placed on top of the insulation of conductive conductors and / or the outer shell.

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