RU127818U1 - HEAT ELECTRIC STATION WITH ABSORPTION BROMY-LITHIUM REFRIGERATING MACHINE OPERATING IN THE HEAT PUMP MODE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Thermal power station containing an absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine 1 connected to a coolant circuit 2, a coolant circuit 7 connected to internal and external cold consumers 9 and 10, characterized in that the lithium bromide absorption chiller is made with a coolant circuit 11, combined with the water treatment circuit for the heat supply system of consumers of thermal power plants and auxiliary needs of thermal power plants. 2. The station according to claim 1, characterized in that the coolant circuit 7 provides for the possibility of connecting to the heat exchangers internal consumers of cold 9 and 10 of the thermal power station, both by dependent and by independent schemes.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of electric power industry, namely to a thermal power plant (TPP) with a lithium-bromide absorption refrigeration machine included in its technological scheme, which is operated in the heat pump mode.

Known thermal power plant with an absorption of lithium bromide refrigeration machine, containing an absorption of lithium bromide-chiller connected to the condenser of a steam turbine of a thermal power station (see application JP No. 2007322028, CL F25B 15/00, 12/13/2007). This thermal power plant with an absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine practically does not use the opportunities for the utilization of low-grade heat of thermal power plants.

Close to the utility model in technical essence and the achieved result is a thermal power station containing an absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine connected to a heat carrier circuit with additional heating of the heat carrier by steam and an open cooler circuit connected to a circulation circuit of the technical water supply system of a thermal power station (see Utility Model Patent RU No. 62166, class F01K 19/10, 03/27/2007). This thermal power station with an absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine also does not fully utilize the thermal energy of thermal power plants, which narrows its capabilities.

The closest technical solution (prototype) of the proposed utility model is a thermal power station containing an absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine with a coolant circuit, a closed coolant circuit and an intermediate cooling circuit included in the technological scheme of thermal power plants (see patent for utility model RU No. 119394, CL F01K 17/06, F25B 27/02 of 03/07/2012). The disadvantage of this model is the presence of an open cooler circuit connected to the atmosphere through a cooling tower, which does not allow to fully realize the potential of integrating an absorption bromide-lithium refrigeration machine into the TPP technological scheme in terms of reducing thermal emissions of TPPs, as well as ensuring year-round efficient operation of absorption bromide lithium refrigeration machine, limiting the period of its use to the summer period.

The purpose of the utility model is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the TPP operation by integrating the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration machine into the TPP technological scheme.

The proposed model allows to obtain a double effect, which consists not only in providing a stable operating mode of cooling systems regardless of climatic conditions, which allows to remove existing technological restrictions on the generation of electric power and electricity in winter and summer periods, but also in the beneficial use of thermal energy, discharged into the cooling system of technological equipment (operation in the heat pump mode).

The tasks solved using the utility model are to increase the efficiency of using an absorption lithium bromide chiller at thermal power plants, which is achieved due to the extremely high degree of use of waste heat and the possibility of economically sound operation of circuits based on this model throughout the year.

The technical result is to ensure a stable year-round operation of cooling systems of technological equipment of thermal power plants with minimal heat loss to the environment, which in turn leads to the elimination of technological restrictions on the generation of power and electricity in both winter and summer, improving performance indicators TPP operations in general. Minimization of heat loss to the environment is achieved through the beneficial use of waste heat from the cooling systems of TPP equipment for the preparation (heating) of water for heat supply systems of consumers from TPPs and the TPP's own needs (in particular, for hot water supply, heating systems, feed water treatment, etc. P.).

The problems are solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the thermal power plant contains an absorption lithium bromide-chiller 1 connected to the coolant circuit 2, connected to the coolant circuit 7, connected to internal and external cold consumers 9 and 10, connected to the circuit cooler 11 connected to the water treatment (heating) circuit for heat supply systems of consumers from thermal power plants and auxiliary needs of thermal power plants.

In this case, the coolant circuit 7 can be connected to heat exchangers of consumers of cold 9 and 10 of the thermal power station in a dependent circuit (through heat exchanger 8) or in an independent circuit. In order to ensure reliable and uninterrupted cooling of consumers of cold 9 and 10, the scheme provides for the possibility of using the technical water supply system 6 connected to the station cooling tower 13 as a standby regular station. The applied approach allows us to consider the proposed scheme as an integrated system solution aimed at improving the efficiency of cooling systems with an improvement in their reliability.

As a cooler circuit for an absorption bromide-lithium refrigerating machine 1, a water treatment loop is used for the heat supply system (hot water supply, heating, ventilation) of consumers from thermal power plants and auxiliary needs of thermal power plants 11.

The proposed model allows to obtain a significant increase in the efficiency of thermal power plants due to the beneficial use of heat generated by technological equipment during its operation and taken to the cooling system of this equipment, which is released into the atmosphere in traditional schemes. Using the capabilities of the absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine in the heat pump mode, this heat is transferred to the water treatment systems for heat supply (hot water supply, heating, ventilation) of consumers from thermal power plants or their own needs. This effect is characteristic both in the period of high and low outdoor temperatures, which makes it possible to operate the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration machine year-round. Taking into account the return of condensate heating the steam of the absorption bromide-lithium lithium chiller to the heat and power cycle of the TPP, the efficiency of the proposed model is extremely high, due to minimal heat loss to the environment (only through the surfaces of pipelines and equipment).

One of the distinguishing features of the model is its versatility, which is ensured by the ability of the lithium bromide absorption chiller to operate in a wide range of cooling capacity control with different temperature levels of the coolant, coolant and cooler. This feature allows you to adjust the cooling circuits connected to the lithium bromide absorption chiller to achieve the optimum temperature of the cooling water. The adjustment is carried out using modern automatic control systems (including, controller, control valves, measuring instruments and sensors, other automation equipment).

In this regard, an equally significant effect of the proposed model is the ability to maintain the optimal mode of cooling systems for technological equipment of thermal power plants by providing the required parameters of the cooling medium, regardless of climatic conditions. Considering that these requirements differ for each type of equipment connected to the station-wide technical water supply systems, regular station-wide system water supply systems connected to the environment through cooling towers do not allow setting individual parameters of the cooling medium (first of all, its temperature) for different coolers types of equipment, which significantly reduces the efficiency and reliability of the process equipment in both winter and summer.

The proposed model makes it possible to ensure optimal year-round operation of each type of refrigerated equipment, due to the possibility of sectioning the plant-wide technical water supply system and more flexible control of the parameters of the coolant at the inlet to the cooling systems of various technological equipment (oil coolers, generator coolers, condenser, etc.).

For example, the separation of independent cooling systems provided for by the model allows lowering the temperature of cooling water in the plant-wide technical water supply system in winter time below the limit values determined by the requirements for the operation of turbine-generator coolers and obtaining maximum vacuum in turbine condensers, which in turn leads to an increase in power turbines.

In summer, at high outdoor temperatures and a decrease in the capacity of the plant-wide technical water supply system, the above-mentioned partitioning also allows not only to eliminate restrictions on the generation of power and electricity of turbine units due to insufficient cooling of the TPP technological equipment, but also to generate additional electricity by reducing the load on the station technical water supply system and, as a result, lowering the temperature of cooling water in it, alas icheniya vacuum in the capacitors and increasing the power turbine.

In addition, the proposed scheme eliminates the inefficient costs of TPPs in the summer period for the forced replenishment of the technical water supply system with tap water, which, as a rule, has a lower temperature.

Brief Description of the Drawing

1 - absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine (ABHM); 2 - ABHM coolant circuit; 3 - steam lines purge power boilers; 4 - steam pipelines for selecting steam turbines; 5 - condensate heating steam in the technological system of TPP; 6 - circulation circuit of the technical water supply system of thermal power plants; 7 - circuit coolant ABHM; 8 - intermediate heat exchanger; 9 - heat exchangers of internal consumers of cold; 10 - heat exchangers of external cold consumers; 11 - water treatment circuit for a heat supply system of consumers from TPPs and TPP own needs; 12 - turbine unit capacitor; 13 - station cooling tower.

Installation Details

A thermal power plant with an absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine contains an absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine 1 connected to a coolant circuit 2 heated by steam from steam turbine extracts (boiler blowdown steam) and a coolant circuit 7 connected to cold consumers 9 and 10.

Absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine 1 is included in the technological scheme of thermal power plants:

- along the coolant circuit 2, it is connected to the steam pipelines of TPP 3 (extraction of steam turbines, steam pipelines to purge power boilers, etc.). Condensate steam 5 is discharged to the station condensate collection system;

- along the coolant circuit 7 can be connected both to the intermediate heat exchanger 8, and directly to the local cooling systems of the TPP 9 equipment and external cooling systems 10. The cooling systems 9 and 10 are backed up from the circulation circuit 6 of the TPP technical water supply system and station cooling tower 13;

- along the cooler circuit 11 to the water treatment system for the heat supply system of consumers from TPPs and TPP own needs.

During the operation of a thermal power plant, the water flow for the heat supply system of consumers from thermal power plants and the auxiliary needs of thermal power plants is directed to an absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine 1, where it is heated in a condenser and in an absorber. In the coolant circuit 2, the latter is heated with thermal energy of steam from the steam pipelines of TPPs 3 and 4. Condensate of steam 5 is discharged to the station condensate collection system

At the same time, using a closed coolant circuit 7, the coolant circulating in it is cooled in an absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine 1 and the cooled coolant is directed to external and internal consumers of the cold.

Thus, a TPP with an absorption bromide-lithium refrigeration machine provides the solution of two problems at the same time - supplying cold by cooling the process flows with refrigerant obtained on the absorption bromide-lithium refrigerating machine and heating water for heating systems (hot water supply, heating, ventilation) or auxiliary needs TPP.

The technical result consists in increasing the reliability and efficiency of the TPP operation by integrating the lithium bromide-absorption refrigeration machine into the TPP technological scheme, intensifying the operation of the internal cooling systems and the beneficial use of waste heat allocated to the cooler circuit in the water treatment systems for heating consumers from TPPs and their own needs of thermal power plants. The latter can lead to a revision of the approaches used in the design of not only cooling systems for technological equipment, but also air conditioning systems in the administrative and office and office premises of thermal power plants. The possibility provided by the model for the beneficial use of waste heat from air conditioning systems allows us to talk about a multiple excess of their efficiency indicators in comparison with traditional ones (based on steam compression refrigeration machines).

Also, the results of applying the utility model include the use of elements of an existing technological scheme of thermal power plants and the exclusion of a cooling tower provided for by traditional schemes using, which entails a reduction in the capital intensity of projects for integrating a lithium-bromide absorption refrigeration machine into the technological scheme of thermal power plants and an increase in the performance indicators of relevant investment projects .

Claims (2)

1. Thermal power station containing an absorption lithium bromide refrigeration machine 1 connected to a coolant circuit 2, a coolant circuit 7 connected to internal and external consumers of cold 9 and 10, characterized in that the lithium bromide absorption chiller is made with a coolant circuit 11, combined with the water treatment circuit for the heat supply system of TPP consumers and the TPP own needs. 2. The station according to claim 1, characterized in that the coolant circuit 7 provides for the possibility of connecting to the heat exchangers internal consumers of cold 9 and 10 of the thermal power station, both by dependent and independent schemes.

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