RU126357U1 - DATA PROCESSING CENTER - Google Patents

Abstract

A data center containing at least two modules, each of which includes IT racks with computing equipment and data storage systems, telecommunication systems equipment, power supply system, air cooling system, security alarm and access control system, fire extinguishing system, automated supervisory control system, cable and network equipment, passages are formed around IT racks that organize the flow of cold and hot air with the organization of the cold flow air through a refrigeration center, IT racks with computing equipment and data storage systems are located in an isolated room with the possibility of communication with an air cooling system and a refrigeration center, characterized in that the data center is a building with a basement or technical floor above which the machine floor is located , and represents for each floor the central part, fenced by walls, to which outside isolated and located at a distance from each other premises adjoin, of which the equipment of a separate module is located, while the rooms isolated from each other in relation to the central part are arranged according to the “star” scheme, rooms isolated from each other are arranged on the basement or technical floor to accommodate the equipment of the air cooling system, cold centers and water supply system and water preparation, isolated from each other premises are arranged on the engine floor to accommodate equipment of uninterruptible power supplies, while outside the walls, restricting

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction and the field of computer technology, in particular to the designs of stationary computer centers, and can be used in cases of increasing or reducing the power of data centers, redistributing power between existing data centers, when replacing equipment, and routine maintenance on elements and modular data center systems.

The data center (DPC) is a set of prefabricated modules that allow you to quickly build an efficient data center in terms of energy use, space and reliability in continuous operation, including a modifiable data center. The data center is a building with a complex of computing equipment and engineering infrastructure for the placement and reliable operation of computing facilities.

Known modular data center (Modular Computing Environments) US patent 7738251 (H05K 7/20, B60F 1/00, G06F 15/16, F25D 23/12, F28F 7/00, G06F 13/00, publ. 06/15/2010 .) containing containers with servers, data storage systems, telecommunication systems equipment and a heat exchanger located under the floor, which is a system of pipes with coolant (water or refrigerant), and warm air from the hot corridor passes through the pipes and returns to the cold corridor with by fans, the communications of the container heat exchanger transfer cooling zhdayuschuyu liquid in the central cooling unit, the containers are connected with engineering systems: a power supply system, air conditioning system process, fire-extinguishing system, cable and network equipment's own needs, through a hub with a communication system.

The disadvantages of the above technical solutions include:

- insufficiently high flexibility of systems in the conditions of continuous operation, including a modifiable data center, for example, when equipment is modified, when wear and tear is guaranteed by an overhaul, which does not allow efficiently redistributing the resources of the data center systems;

- insufficiently unified system of integration with other parts of data centers, leading to insufficient installation and quick commissioning as part of a data center.

A well-known data center, including at least one server cell with racks installed in it with servers, data storage systems, telecommunication systems equipment, at least one vestibule cell, power supply system, forced air cooling system, alarm system and access control, fire extinguishing system, automated dispatch control system, cable and network equipment, the server cell is equipped with a screen separating the flows of cold and hot air the ear, with the organization of the flow of cold air through the equipment, the server cell is made in the form of an isolated room with the ability to connect to a similar cell server cell air duct server, cell corridor, cell air duct corridor cell, tambour cell, cell dynamic uninterruptible power supply, cell complete distribution devices and cell household and structurally combined into a module for the placement and provision of server cells, compatible with another mode with a muzzle or other modules for placing and providing server cells and the possibility of at least electrical connection with the electric power generator module, the server cell also contains: brackets and holes for attaching and placing racks, racks are equipped with plugs for separating cold and hot air zones in the direction “Front-back” or “back-front” in servers, data storage systems, telecommunication systems equipment, and devices providing cold passage of air through the cooling equipment in the direction of the "bottom-up" or "top-down" at the organization of such cooling lines in servers, storage systems, telecommunications equipment; temperature sensors and humidity sensors with a hardware-software system for monitoring the climatic parameters of the server cell; smoke sensors and / or gas analyzers with a hardware-software fire alarm system, curtains and / or blinds to seal the cell volume in case of fire; autonomous fire extinguishing system; at least one system for transmitting and distributing electricity to power racks, servers, data storage systems and telecommunication systems equipment, with ammeters and voltmeters with a hardware-software system for monitoring electrical parameters; at least one system for transmitting and distributing electricity to power internal consumers, for example fire valves, general and emergency lighting, with ammeters and voltmeters with a hardware-software system for monitoring electrical parameters; fiber-optic cable system for connecting racks and equipment to communication systems; access control and management system; forced air exhaust system; additional cooling system; transitions for access to neighboring cells, cable energy and information channels connecting neighboring cells; uninterruptible power supply system; direct cooling systems with liquid refrigerant; the cooling cell contains a heat exchanger with the possibility of taking air from outside, cooling the hot air circulating in the modular data center, and discharging heated external air into the environment, as well as minimally sufficient to provide ventilation during the exchange of air from the environment with the air circulating in the modular data center; the module for hosting and providing server cells contains: at least one access zone to the cells of the module, at least one transition, at least one corridor, a power supply system with predetermined parameters of power quality, a hardware-software system for monitoring controlled parameters of cells, access zones for module cells, passages and corridors, fire alarm system, fire extinguishing system, curtains and / or blinds to seal the module volume in case of fire, lighting system, control system Proportion of access control to the at least one passage to move to another module; an electric energy generator module comprises: a diesel engine, a diesel engine cooling system, an electric energy generator, a ventilation chamber with electric fans, a cooling tower, an electrical panel, a fuel tank, an air filter, an expansion tank, at least one door; access control and management systems for the modules are integrated into a single access monitoring, control and management system, module fire alarm systems are integrated into a single fire alarm system (RU 2444868, H05K 7/20, published 10.03.2012).

This decision was made as a prototype.

In this data center, the cooling capacity of the data center systems is greater than or equal to the released heat of all equipment used at full capacity, the data center when operating in the entire range of ambient temperatures.

The disadvantages of the device include:

- insufficiently high flexibility of systems in the conditions of continuous operation, including a modifiable data center, for example, when equipment is modified, when wear and tear is guaranteed by an overhaul, which does not allow efficiently redistributing the resources of the data center systems;

- insufficiently unified system of integration with other parts of data centers, leading to insufficient installation and quick commissioning as part of a data center.

Over the past years, the number one problem for the data center is energy supply. The shortage of free power capacities, which in some regions of the Russian Federation has simply become catastrophic (up to 90% of consumers who have submitted applications for connection to power grids, do not receive energy), has led to the fact that the cost of power supply is comparable to the cost of the data center, and in some cases even exceeds it . The growth of electricity tariffs also has a no lesser effect, because the share of the cost of paying for electricity reaches 40% of the data center operating budget. Another important problem - the need to remove more and more heat - only exacerbates the first. Modern climate equipment allows you to divert up to 30 kW or more of thermal power from the rack, however, the operation of such installations requires a significant energy consumption. As a result, up to half of the electricity consumed by the data center today is spent on heat dissipation. In an attempt to solve the problems identified above, many companies are moving towards increasing the efficiency of using computing resources through their consolidation and virtualization, while simultaneously solving the third eternal problem of data centers - the problem of increasing complexity of management and administration. Others take more radical steps and transfer their data centers closer to sources of electricity, as well as to regions with relatively low average annual temperatures. The latter solution can significantly reduce the cost of cooling in the data center through the use of low “outboard” temperatures (for example, Microsoft’s plans to build data centers in the Irkutsk region received wide publicity).

There are three main approaches to creating a data center. The first of them - the classic one - is the construction of a stationary data center, the second is the use of a mobile data center, the third is the placement of equipment in a commercial data center.

The first option is very resource-intensive, but it is good in that it allows you to implement a data center in full accordance with the requirements of modern resource provision. According to the Gartner Group, the average global user data per company is 120 terabytes. In turn, according to IDC estimates, last year in one hour in the world 35 billion messages were sent. Considering these numbers, it turns out that about 3.4 MB of information falls on one message. Powerful computing resources must be used to maintain bandwidth. In addition, dozens of databases themselves are processed in various applications covering almost all aspects of the company. Such capacities can be deployed only from specialized stationary centers, where it is possible to ensure guaranteed reliable reserved operation of the life support systems of computing servers. The intense data flows circulating in the information systems of many enterprises require a special organization of IT infrastructure. It must adapt to the changing requirements of the business and, in particular, ensure a constant increase in the productivity of the solutions used and the maximum efficiency of their operation. In the conditions of a mobile data center or when placing equipment in a commercial data center (due to the fact that the conditions of the data center dictate the capabilities of server systems), achieving high capacities becomes a serious problem.

This useful model is aimed at achieving a technical result consisting in increasing the economic efficiency of energy use by centralizing the structure of a complex of machine rooms with computing equipment in a stationary equipment layout.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the data center containing at least two modules, each of which includes IT racks with computing equipment and data storage systems, telecommunication systems equipment, power supply system, air cooling system, burglar alarm system and access control, fire extinguishing system, automated dispatch control system, cable and network equipment, passages are organized around IT racks that organize the flow of single and hot air with the organization of the flow of cold air through the refrigeration center, IT racks with computing equipment and data storage systems are located in an isolated room with the possibility of communication with the air cooling system and the refrigeration center, the data center is a building with a basement or technical floor above which the machine floor is located and represents for each floor the central part, fenced with walls to which are insulated and located at a distance adjoining from each other premises, in each of which the equipment of a separate module is located, while the rooms isolated from each other with respect to the central part are arranged according to the “star” scheme, isolated from each other rooms are arranged for the placement of equipment of an air cooling system , refrigeration centers and water supply and water treatment systems, on the engine floor, rooms are isolated from each other to accommodate equipment for uninterruptible power supplies, at On the outside of the walls that limit the isolated room of each module, they are mounted in the form of modules isolated from each other, each of which is a technological air conditioning system based on central ventilation units designed to remove heat surplus from computing equipment and data storage systems on IT racks, which is a modular air handling unit with two separate air movement circuits, respectively, along the circuit, o espechivayuschemu removal heat releases with computing equipment with subsequent energy transfer from the insulated hot corridor into the external circuit through a rotary heat exchanger or plate heat exchanger, and the contour of the chilled air to the cold aisle IT-racks.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present utility model is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible one, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the required technical result.

In Fig.1 a diagram of the structure of the underground floor or technical floor of the data center building;

figure 2 - placement of server equipment on the machine floor in the data center building;

figure 3 is a block diagram of a process air conditioning system for a machine room.

According to this utility model, a data center design is considered that contains at least two modules, each of which includes IT racks with computing equipment and data storage systems, telecommunication systems equipment, power supply system, air cooling system, burglar alarm and control system access, fire extinguishing system, automated dispatch control system, cable and network equipment, passages are formed around IT racks, organizing e flows of cold and hot air with the organization of the flow of cold air through the refrigeration center, IT racks with computing equipment and data storage systems are located in an isolated room with the possibility of communication with the air cooling system and the refrigeration center.

The data center is a building with a basement or technical floor, above which there is a machine floor and represents for each floor a central part, fenced with walls, to which are insulated and located at a distance from each other rooms, each of which has separate equipment module. The rooms isolated from each other in relation to the central part are arranged according to the “star” scheme. On the basement or technical floor, separate rooms were arranged to accommodate the equipment of the air cooling system, cold centers and water supply and water treatment systems, and separate rooms for the placement of uninterruptible power supply equipment were arranged on the machine floor.

Outside the walls that limit the isolated room of each module, they are mounted in the form of modules isolated from each other, each of which is a technological conditioning system based on central ventilation units designed to remove heat surplus from computing equipment and data storage systems on IT racks, which represents a modular air-handling unit with two separate air movement circuits, respectively, along the circuit, printing heat dissipation from computing equipment with subsequent transfer of energy from an isolated hot corridor to an external circuit through a recuperator in the form of a rotary or plate heat exchanger, and along the circuit for supplying chilled air to the cold corridors of IT racks.

The following is an example of a utility model.

The data processing center is a complex of telecommunication and computing equipment located in standardized information desks of various sizes and designs. In accordance with the functional purpose of the building, the main areas of the data center building are defined for the placement of server equipment, equipment and communications of engineering infrastructure. The placement of computing equipment is carried out in four modules of the same type 1, adjacent to the central part 2 of the building. Each module contains areas with Tier III and Tier IV engineering infrastructure reliability levels. The main infrastructure equipment is located in the central part 2 of the data center building (core).

The data center building is an elevated structure based on the basement or on the technical floor (Fig. 1). The building contains the central part 2, bounded by the walls, in the plan made, for example, hex. Each second wall is adjacent to the outside of a separate room, used as module 1 for hosting server equipment 3 (machine rooms). There are four modules 1 of such rooms in this data center for the placement of computing facilities with dedicated rooms that ensure the operation of technological equipment with Tier III and Tier IV reliability levels. Other options are possible in terms of the central part, but in this case, a star-based arrangement of modules for server equipment is used, which is determined by the layout of the equipment and communications of the engineering infrastructure in the central part and in the basement system. Engineering equipment is made with an automatic control function and has the ability to remotely monitor and control through a dispatch system.

Figure 1 shows the building plan of the first (basement or technical floor) floor. The central part 2 is divided into separate rooms for equipment and communications of engineering infrastructure. Along two opposite walls between the externally located rooms for the modules 1, inside the central part 2, ventilation chambers 4 are arranged limited by overlappings from the remaining zones of the central part, stretched along these walls. Along other opposite walls of the central part between the externally located rooms for modules 1 there are rooms 5 for pumping equipment for water supply and water treatment and treatment systems (the rooms are organized in a section along one of these walls) and rooms 6 of other engineering systems. The central zone of the central part, bounded on all sides by partitions and corridors 7, separating it from the technical rooms located along the walls between the rooms for modules 1, is used to organize zones for the placement of two refrigeration centers isolated by corridor 8. Thus, the central zone is made isolated from peripherally located along the walls of the central part 2 of the premises and is separated from them by a common corridor 7, into which all doors 10 of all rooms of the central part go.

This floor can be reached by stairs or an elevator from the machine floor (Fig. 2), on which server equipment is located in modules 1 (machine rooms). In terms of this floor repeats the planned solution of the basement floor of figure 1. On this floor, the central part is divided into several isolated zones. On two opposite sides between the machine rooms are two rooms with uninterruptible power supplies 11 (UPS) of a rotor type, between them in the central zone a block of 12 rooms is formed to accommodate the electrical equipment of the building life support systems and machine rooms. On the side of one of the walls in front of the block 12 of the premises formed technological platform 13 for the behavior of various loading and unloading operations.

In each machine room of module 1, computing equipment (IT equipment) is housed in standardized information racks of 14 different sizes and constructs. The racks are arranged in racks with the formation of passages between them and corridors for placing electrical switchboards and communication equipment 15. The peculiarity of the modules is that the outside walls, limiting each module 1 as a room, mounted modules 16 (figure 2), each of which is a technological conditioning system 17 on the basis of indoor ventilation units (CVU) (figure 3), which is designed to remove excess heat from IT equipment and elements of the engineering infrastructure of the object. Around the machine room outside the room of module 1, several such modules are mounted 16. Inside the machine room, the consumers of cold (inside the modules 1) are: IT racks, electrical rooms and equipment in them - hardware and cross-section devices. For machine rooms in which the engineering infrastructure is designed with Tier IV reliability, a backup system based on water-cooled precision air conditioners is installed. The number of cooling units for each module with engine rooms - 6 pcs. taking into account the N + 1 redundancy scheme.

For machine rooms, modules 16 are used with a process conditioning circuit based on a high-performance central heating plant with a heat energy recuperator. Such systems are characterized by high energy efficiency due to the use of freecooling. Taking into account the climatic features of the construction area, the units can operate without cold consumption from external sources up to 90-95% of the time per year. TsVU is a modular air handling unit with two separate circuits of air movement. The air circulating along the internal circuit ensures the removal of heat from the server equipment with the subsequent transfer of energy to the external circuit through a recuperator in the form of a rotary or plate heat exchanger. In module 16, chilled air is supplied to the cold corridors 18 of the IT racks. Heated air is drawn from an isolated hot corridor 19. A solution with insulation of hot or cold corridors provides an additional gain in efficiency due to the absence of flows between hot and cold zones.

The structure of the CVM module 16 includes: silencers on the external and internal circuit of the unit, a rotary or plate heat exchanger, a recirculation section, air filters of EU5 class in the external circuit and in the internal circuit, an adiabatic cooling section, fans of the internal and external circuits with motors equipped frequency converters (redundancy scheme N + 1), sections for water cooling of the air in the internal circuit, water lines for cooling the central heating system, including all the necessary shut-off control valves and electrical equipment.

The following modes of operation of the CVC are provided:

1. Air cooling in the internal circuit is provided by a recuperator. This mode provides for the discharge of heat surplus from the internal circuit to the external due to heat transfer in the heat exchanger. Maintaining the required temperature is carried out by changing the rotational speed of the external circuit fan motors and controlling the position of the supply, exhaust and recirculation flaps

2. Combined mode 1: recuperator + adiabatic humidification chamber. When the outside air parameters do not allow cooling the internal circuit air to the required temperature, an adiabatic humidification chamber is connected. This allows you to lower the temperature of the air of the external circuit supplied to the recuperator, due to its saturation with moisture. Maintaining the required temperature is carried out by changing the performance of the humidification section.

3. Combined mode 2: recuperator + adiabatic humidification chamber + cooling section. If the adiabatic humidifier no longer provides the outside air parameters for cooling the internal air through the recuperator, a cooler section is connected. Maintaining the required temperature is carried out by changing the flow rate of the coolant by means of a control valve.

4. Direct cooling mode: cooling sections only. When the outdoor temperature rises to a value after which the humidified air of the external circuit does not provide any heat removal from the internal circuit, the external circuit fans and the humidification section are switched off. Cooling is carried out by water coolers installed in the internal circuit. Maintaining the required temperature is carried out by changing the flow rate of the coolant by means of a control valve.

Due to the fact that the machine rooms provide for the placement of information racks with high specific heat (up to 20 kVA), the most rational solution to ensure reliable cooling of the installed server equipment is the use of in-line air conditioners with uniform distribution of cold air along the entire front of the unit in combination with physical isolation "Hot" corridor from the "cold". Maintaining the temperature regime in technical rooms is carried out by channel fan coil units or central air conditioners.

In the data center, in terms of supplying fresh prepared air to the serviced premises, a general ventilation system is provided. For all the facilities of the complex, a ventilation scheme with mechanical motivation has been adopted. The system is built on the basis of central air conditioners, providing the ability to comprehensively process the outdoor air, including cleaning, heating, cooling, drainage, humidification and air supply to consumers. The ventilation system is provided with a mechanical motivation for the premises: machine rooms (modules 1), office and administrative rooms, service rooms, transformer and distribution points, main switchboard rooms, backup refrigeration centers, etc. In rooms with an unstable stay of people, systems with a variable air flow rate are provided, which change their performance depending on the workload of the premises according to the signals of the automation system. All ventilation units are located in the ventilation chambers of 4 underground floors and above-ground technical floors. The heat supply of the units is carried out from heat points, the cold supply is water from the designed refrigeration centers.

In order to reduce heat loss along the length of the condensate and the formation of condensate, the air ducts are equipped with insulation, and to reduce the consumption of electric and thermal energy, heat energy recuperators, frequency converters for motors, an automation system and automatic shutdown of modules to maintain comfortable microclimate parameters when the room is not operated by.

To achieve indoor noise levels not exceeding the normalized values created by the operating equipment of ventilation and air conditioning systems, equipment is provided in separate special rooms with soundproofed enclosing structures, the use of equipment with reduced noise levels, the installation of silencers in the supply and exhaust ducts and the use of fans with vibration isolators connected to the ducts with flexible inserts.

The refrigeration system is based on the use of a centralized refrigeration complex using District Cooling technology with the laying of a ring line. Connection to the network is carried out in a chamber equipped with a set of shutoff and control valves in such a way as to ensure the flow of coolant from both sides of the network relative to the connection point, thereby increasing the reliability of the solution in case of emergency situations on the highway. A centralized system is the main source of cold for data centers. In addition, there are backup refrigeration centers (one for two modules of machine rooms) in case of scheduled maintenance and emergency situations in the cold supply network. Consumers of cold in the data center are: central ventilation units for technological conditioning, precision air conditioners, central air conditioners for general ventilation systems.

In the data center, a water-cooled chiller based on 3 screw chillers connected in a serial-counterflow circuit is used for the technological cooling system. All chillers are equipped with frequency-controlled electric drives, providing soft start and low starting currents. The chiller design is designed to operate at positive pressure in the refrigerant circuit. Therefore, installation of additional equipment required for chillers operating at negative pressures is not required. Even if the chiller is partially depressurized, air / moisture will not enter the refrigerant circuit. For example, a Carrier 23XRV chiller has the lowest (ASHRAE-prone) freon leak rate in the industry — 0.1% per year. Another advantage of the chiller is that the optionally installed shut-off valve allows you to completely fill it with freon at the factory and reduce the time for commissioning and maintenance. A freon-cooled engine-compressor does not generate heat in the engine room, therefore, it is not necessary to increase the performance of the air conditioning and ventilation systems. The power spent on cooling the engine is already included in the total power consumed by the chiller and is taken into account in the refrigeration coefficient.

The cooling capacity of the chiller is controlled by changing the growth rate; therefore, the compressor design lacks such control mechanisms as a spool valve and a guiding device. The minimum number of moving elements increases the reliability of the chiller. The temperature at the outlet of the evaporator can vary in the range from + 4 to + 12 ° С, and on the condenser side - from +13 to + 38 ° С.

In addition to chillers and cooling towers, the refrigeration system includes the following equipment: pump groups for the evaporative circuit, condenser circuit and consumer circuit, expansion tanks, hydraulic separator, pipelines, filters, and shut-off and control valves. Cooling towers are installed on the territory adjacent to the data center building. Chillers, pumping groups of the condenser and evaporative circuits, as well as consumer circuits and a hydraulic separator are located in the premises of the cold centers 9.

Due to the fact that dynamic rotary UPS 11 are used as uninterruptible power supplies, the use of cold storage tanks for continuous supply of cold to consumers is not required, which gives significant savings in space and volume of the used coolant. Prepared water is provided as a coolant in the evaporative and consumer circuits. Antifreeze based on a 40% ethylene glycol solution with a complex of anticorrosion additives is used as a coolant in the condenser circuit. Circulation pumps are designed taking into account the N + 1 redundancy scheme (operating + standby). If the working pump fails, the standby pump should automatically turn on. To exclude hydraulic shocks and stabilize the operating parameters, the pumps of the cold center are equipped with frequency converters supplied as a set.

The water treatment system is designed to supply water to adiabatic humidification systems in central ventilation units and general exchange ventilation units. A water desalination system is provided. A reverse osmosis unit was adopted as a water treatment device. The installation is located in a separate water treatment room located in the basement or on the technical floor (Fig. 1).

Claims (1)

A data center containing at least two modules, each of which includes IT racks with computing equipment and data storage systems, telecommunication systems equipment, power supply system, air cooling system, security alarm and access control system, fire extinguishing system, automated supervisory control system, cable and network equipment, passages are formed around IT racks that organize the flow of cold and hot air with the organization of the cold flow air through a refrigeration center, IT racks with computing equipment and data storage systems are located in an isolated room with the possibility of communication with an air cooling system and a refrigeration center, characterized in that the data center is a building with a basement or technical floor above which the machine floor is located , and represents for each floor the central part, fenced by walls, to which outside isolated and located at a distance from each other premises adjoin, of which the equipment of a separate module is located, while the rooms isolated from each other in relation to the central part are arranged according to the “star” scheme, rooms isolated from each other are arranged on the basement or technical floor to accommodate the equipment of the air cooling system, cold centers and water supply system and water preparation, isolated from each other premises are arranged on the engine floor to accommodate equipment of uninterruptible power supplies, while outside the walls, restricting x insulated room of each module, mounted in the form of modules isolated from each other, each of which is a technological conditioning system based on central ventilation units designed to remove heat surplus from computing equipment and data storage systems on IT racks, which is a modular air handling unit unit with two separate circuits of air movement, respectively, along the circuit that provides the removal of heat from the computational about equipment with the subsequent transfer of energy from an isolated hot corridor to the external circuit through a recuperator in the form of a rotary or plate heat exchanger, and along the chilled air supply circuit to the cold corridors of IT racks.

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