RU121006U1 - COMBINED ELECTRIC ENGINE - Google Patents

Abstract

A combined engine containing a piston, a cylinder with inlet and outlet ports that provide a periodic change of the working fluid, and a linear electric generator consisting of an electric winding and an armature core, characterized in that the armature core is located on the same axis with the cylinder, mechanically connected to the piston and is installed on its rod, which is included in the space of the electric winding, while the piston rod is connected to a crank mechanism, which serves to provide it with reciprocating motion.

Description

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building, and can be used for more efficient operation of reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICE).

Currently, the sources of mechanical energy in automobiles are mainly thermal engines, primarily internal combustion engines. The conversion of fuel energy into mechanical energy in them is associated with significant losses. The main disadvantage of ICE is a small efficiency (25-40%).

During the operation of the internal combustion engine, 1/3 of the fuel energy is converted into mechanical work, 1/3 is transferred to the environment by cooling and 1/3 is removed as heat contained in the exhaust gases. Improving the internal combustion engine is on the way to reduce losses and achieve maximum return of energy contained in the fuel.

An important indicator is the engine efficiency (Efficiency), which shows how much fuel energy is converted into mechanical work.

Combined engines are known in which an increase in the efficiency of an internal combustion engine occurs due to the utilization of thermal energy of the engine, which includes the main internal combustion engine with a cylinder and piston, and a recovery engine.

Known combined engine according to the patent for utility model No. 35844 [1], containing a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a recovery engine connected to it through an exhaust manifold and a heat accumulator. The piston of the recovery engine is an anchor, and on the outside of the cylinder there is an electrical winding for generating electrical energy, as a result of which the recovery engine is a thermoelectric generator that is not mechanically connected to the piston engine.

During the work cycle in the cylinder, the piston-armature moves inside the winding and excites the emf in it, acting on the principle of a linear generator.

The generated electricity can be used to drive ICE units (a cooling system fan, a liquid pump and a lubrication pump, etc.), eliminates the costs of a standard generator drive available on ICE 1 and relieves ICE from the energy costs of the unit drive.

The disadvantages of the known combined engine are: 1. The complexity of the energy transfer system generated by the recovery engine to the internal combustion engine.

2. Large overall dimensions of the combined engine as a whole due to the additional utilization engine.

3. The need for supplying water to the recovery engine to perform piston operation (stroke).

Thus, the main disadvantages of the known combined engines are:

firstly: a significant complication of the design, since in fact two heat engines are obtained;

secondly, the issue of increasing the efficiency of the main engine is not resolved. According to the totality of features, the combined engine according to the patent for utility model No. 35844 [1] is selected as the closest analogue.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICE).

The technical result achieved by the claimed combined engine is to simplify the design, reduce overall dimensions and increase the efficiency of the combined engine.

The technical result is achieved in that in a combined engine containing a piston, a cylinder with inlet and outlet windows providing for a periodic change of the working fluid, and a linear electric generator consisting of an electric winding and a core-armature characterized in that the core-armature is located on the same axis as the cylinder is mechanically connected to the piston and mounted on its rod, which enters the space of the electric winding, while the piston rod is connected to a crank mechanism, which serves to provide it in reciprocating motion.

The list of figures illustrating the claimed utility model.

Figure 1 - General diagram of a combined electrothermal engine;

Figure 2 is a diagram of the dependence of the effective force F _eff and the velocity υ of this force on the position L of the piston.

2.1 is a diagram of the velocity υ of the piston; a - heat engine, b - combined electric thermal engine;

2.2. - diagram of the effective force F _eff piston; a - heat engine, b - combined electric thermal engine;

2.3 is a diagram of the net power N _{floor of the} piston; a - heat engine; b - combined electric thermal engine.

Figure 3 is a torque diagram for a typical ICE.

4 is a diagram showing the dependence of pressure on the piston on the position of the piston.

The list of positions in figure 1:

1 - a working cylinder;

2 - the piston;

3 - anchor;

4 - electric winding:

5 - a rod;

6 - crank;

7 - inlet window;

8 - spark plug;

9 - exhaust window;

10 - spring;

11 - piston rod.

The combined electrothermal engine (figure 1) contains a working cylinder 1 with an inlet 7 and an outlet 9 windows, providing for a periodic change of the working fluid, spark plug 8, piston 2.

A linear generator for generating electrical energy is located on the same axis as the cylinder 1 and consists of a core-armature 3 and an electric winding 4.

The electric winding 4 is fixed in the engine motionless relative to the cylinder 1 and is electrically (not shown in the diagram) connected with consumers:

electric motor, battery, etc. The electric winding can be made in the form of a cylinder.

The core-armature 3 of the generator is mechanically connected to the piston 2, i.e. coaxially connected to the piston rod 11 and enters the space of the electric winding 4. The core-armature 3 can be either a permanent magnet, for example, a cylindrical shape, or an electromagnet consisting of a core of magnetically conductive material and its own electrical winding, with electricity supplied from an external source (not shown in the diagram)

The piston 2 is mechanically, through the rod 11, connected with a crank mechanism 5, 6, which serves to smoothly brake the piston with the armature in extreme positions and provides them with a return movement. The spring 10 serves to absorb shock effects.

In the inventive combined engine, the energy of the heated gas is transferred to the working body (wheel, electric generator, battery, etc.) by means of a linear electric generator located on the same axis as piston 2 and converting the pressure of the moving piston 2 into electric current (in during the work cycle in the cylinder, the piston-armature moves inside the winding and excites EMF in it, acting on the principle of a linear generator).

Both four-stroke and two-stroke duty cycles are possible.

The inventive combined engine operates on a four-cycle cycle as follows.

1. Intake. During this stroke, the piston 2 lowers from the top dead center (TDC) to the bottom dead center (BDC), through the inlet window 7 a fresh air-fuel mixture is sucked into the cylinder. 2. Compression. The piston goes from BDC to TDC, compressing the working mixture. In this case, the temperature of the mixture increases significantly. 3. Combustion and expansion (piston stroke). Shortly before the end of the compression cycle, the air-fuel mixture is ignited by a spark from the spark plug. During the piston's journey from TDC to BDC, the fuel burns out, and under the action of the heat of the burnt fuel, the working mixture expands, pushing the piston. 4. Release. After the BDC of the working cycle, the exhaust window 8 opens and the upward-moving piston displaces the exhaust gases from the engine cylinder. When the TDC piston is reached, the outlet window closes and the cycle starts again.

During the work cycle in cylinder 1, the core-armature 3 of the linear generator, mechanically connected with the piston 2, moves inside the electric winding 4 and excites the emf in it.

The linear generator resulting from the stroke of the piston 2 has a power sufficient to absorb most of the energy than the crank mechanism.

When the piston is at a dead center, then the magnitude of the force F _eff creating torque on the shaft is zero. In this position, the pressure P is the largest.

Comparative diagrams of the effective force F _eff and, accordingly, the useful power N at the same piston speed V are shown in the graph 2.2a, b, 2.3a, b.

Due to the increase in power (fig.2.3b, shaded area), the efficiency of the inventive combined electric thermal engine can be increased by 1.5 times

In confirmation of the achievement of the technical result is an increase in efficiency, we give the following arguments.

Typically, to characterize an internal combustion engine, the concept of torque is used (Fig. 3) (see w / Youth Technique No. 916, 2010, Fig. 6, page 39). However, to characterize linear motion (as with an anchor of an electromagnet), one can use only the concept of force. Therefore, instead of torque, we use the concept of a force perpendicular to the crank arm at different positions of the piston. We denote this force going directly to the rotation of the crank (crankshaft) as F _eff .

Like torque, this force changes from F _eff = 0 at top dead center, with a further change, similar to torque. For simplicity of presentation, we assume that this force varies in a sinusoid, and reaches its maximum value (F _eff. Max) at the average position of the piston, as in the graph of Fig.2.2 a.

At this point, F _eff max = P _cp × S. Here P is the pressure in the cylinder with the piston in the middle position, S is the piston area.

When plotting the graph F _eff = P × S for the inventive engine, we can assume that all this force is converted into electricity, starting from the top dead center, where this force is the greatest (Fig.2.2b). Such an assumption can be made due to the rejection of the crank mechanism as an energy converter.

A diagram showing the dependence of the pressure on the piston on the position of the piston L is shown in Fig. 4 is a diagram of the Otto cycle - thermodynamic cycle describing the internal combustion engine workflow (http://ru.wikipedia.org).

For comparability of results, i.e. net power N _floor Imagine the speed of the piston υ the same, in a sinusoid (Fig.2.1a, b) for both types of engines. Then, after adding up the graphs of speed and force, we get the graphs of power (Fig 2.3a, b), because N _pol . = Υ × F _eff .

(× is the multiplication sign).

Comparing the power graphs of Fig.2.3, a) and b) we see that the area of the power graph (Fig.2.3b) for the proposed engine is about one and a half times more than the known one. Accordingly, 1.5 times more and efficiency, which confirms the achievement of a technical result.

The inventive combined electrothermal engine is a reciprocating heat engine powered by heated gas energy, having a crank mechanism, but part of the gas energy in it can be converted into electrical energy by means of a linear electric generator, the electric winding and armature of which are mounted coaxially with the working cylinder and are connected mechanically with him and with the piston; moreover, the larger the share of power (compared with the power transmitted to the crank mechanism) falls on a linear electric generator, the greater the increase in efficiency. The maximum increase in efficiency, according to graphic calculations, can reach 1.5; i.e. theoretically possible efficiency of the proposed engine - 60%

Compared with the prototype, which actually consists of two heat engines, the inventive combined engine has a simpler design, and, consequently, lower overall dimensions.

INFORMATION SOURCES.

1. Patent for utility model No. 35844. Combined engine. Published - 02/10/2004 - the closest analogue

2. The journal "Technique of Youth" No. 916, 2010, the article "Chervyakov's cycle, or how to increase the effectiveness of ICE", Fig. 6 on page 39.

Claims (1)

A combined engine containing a piston, a cylinder with inlet and outlet windows providing for a periodic change of the working fluid, and a linear electric generator consisting of an electric winding and an armature core, characterized in that the core armature is located on the same axis with the cylinder, is mechanically connected to the piston and mounted on its rod, which enters the space of the electric winding, while the piston rod is connected to a crank mechanism, which serves to provide it with reciprocating motion.