RU118789U1 - ELECTRIC CABLE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. An electric cable for installations of submersible electric pumps, containing conductive conductors of aluminum or copper-plated aluminum or its alloys, insulation and a protective sheath of the conductors, as well as a protective cover made of cushion and armor, characterized in that the conductive conductors are made of aluminum or copper-plated galvanized by the method of aluminum or its alloys modified with rare or rare-earth metals from the group: zirconium, scandium, yttrium, cerium, lanthanum, vanadium, hafnium or their mixtures. ! 2. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductors are made of a heat-resistant aluminum alloy of the TAC brand, modified with zirconium.

Description

The utility model relates to cable technology, namely, to the designs of electrical cables used to supply electric energy to submersible electric pumps of oil production, water lifting and pumping liquids from pits.

Known cable design according to patent No. 14473, Russia, (analogue), containing three copper conductive wires laid parallel or twisted together, coated with polymer insulation and a sheath, and a pillow under the armor and armor plates made of galvanized steel sequentially laid on top of them. The disadvantages of this design are: high weight, the negative effect of copper on polymer insulation (accelerated destruction of insulation), high cost.

The closest in its parameters to the utility model is the electric cable according to patent No. 57959, Russia, (prototype), containing conductive wires made of aluminum, or of aluminum clad with copper or its alloys. The electric cable of the prototype (Fig.) Consists of conductive conductors 1, insulation of conductors 2, shell of conductors 3, cushions for armor 4, armor 5. Cables of the prototype are made using the following technology. A two-layer polymer insulation 2 and a polymer sheath 3 are extruded onto the conductive core 1 by extrusion. A cushion 4 made of polymer tapes and armored covers 5 made of galvanized steel is applied over conductive wires laid parallel or twisted together.

The disadvantages of the prototype include:

- reduced long-term allowable heating temperature of the cores (up to 90 ° C);

- reduced long-term allowable load current.

The disadvantages of the prototype significantly reduce the performance and scope of cables for the installation of submersible pumps, especially in oil wells. The prototype cable with aluminum conductive cores cannot be used in oil wells with a large depth and ambient temperature above 90 ° C, because at temperatures above 90 ° C, existing grades of electrotechnical aluminum and its alloys significantly lose their strength and become brittle. The use of existing heat-resistant aluminum alloys for conductive wires is problematic due to their high electrical resistivity and low manufacturability.

The technical task of the utility model is to develop an electric cable with higher performance characteristics.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the conductive conductors of the cable are made of aluminum, or of galvanically copper-plated aluminum or its alloys modified with rare or rare-earth metals from the group: zirconium, scandium, yttrium, cerium, lanthanum, vanadium, hafnium, or mixtures thereof.

A common feature of the prototype and the proposed technical solution is the presence of conductive wires of aluminum, or of copper-plated aluminum or its alloys. At the same time, the proposed cable differs from the known one by the use of conductive cores made of aluminum, or galvanically copper-plated aluminum or its alloys modified with rare or rare-earth metals from the group: zirconium, scandium, yttrium, cerium, lanthanum, vanadium, hafnium, or mixtures thereof.

Small additives (up to 1 wt.%) Of the above rare and rare-earth metals can significantly increase the strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of aluminum and its alloys without reducing electrical conductivity. For example, the addition of cerium in an amount of 0.5 wt.% Increases the strength and heat resistance of aluminum almost twice. This reduces corrosion by 10 times and significantly increases the electrical conductivity of aluminum. The addition of 0.3 wt.% Yttrium increases the conductivity of aluminum by 7.5%, and also increases its strength and heat resistance. The addition of 0.4 wt.% Scandium increases the strength of aluminum by 35%. This increases the electrical conductivity and heat resistance of aluminum. The addition of zirconium to 0.5 wt.% Allows you to significantly (2-2.5 times) increase the heat resistance of aluminum and its alloys without reducing electrical conductivity. Aluminum and its alloys modified with rare and rare-earth metals have practically no creep under load.

The galvanic method of applying copper to aluminum can significantly increase the adhesion strength of the copper coating to the aluminum core due to molecular bonding forces. This significantly increases the resistance of copper-plated conductive wire corrosion.

Advantages of the new cable:

- high operational characteristics;

- increased reliability and durability;

- wider scope.

Restrictions on the choice of brand of aluminum or aluminum alloy for conductive conductors are imposed by the conditions for the manufacture, installation, dismantling and operation of the cable:

- manufacture of conductive wire from wire rod by drawing;

- cable operation in oil wells at great depths in an aggressive environment at temperatures up to 160 ° C;

- the required physical and mechanical characteristics of conductive conductors: maximum breaking strength and elongation, minimum creep, minimum electrical resistance, maximum heat resistance and durability;

- price.

The above requirements are met by aluminum and its alloys modified with rare or rare-earth metals or mixtures thereof. The most affordable and cheapest are aluminum alloys modified with zirconium. The authors of the utility model propose to use wire rod made of heat-resistant aluminum alloy of the TAS brand for TU 1712-043-50289046-2012, year 2012, Russia, modified with zirconium for the manufacture of conductive cable conductors.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated by the following examples. Table 1 shows the options for wire samples for conductive wires of aluminum and aluminum alloy and their main characteristics. For the manufacture of wire used wire rod with a diameter of (9-9.5) mm:

- wire rod according to GOST 13843-78, Russia, from electrical aluminum grade A5E;

- wire rod in accordance with GOST 20967-75, Russia, from aluminum alloy of the ABE brand;

- wire rod according to TU 1712-042-50289046-2012, commissioning year 2012, Russia, from a heat-resistant aluminum alloy of the TAS brand, modified with zirconium with a content, wt.%: 0.05; 0.25; 0.35.

Table 2 shows the quality indicators of samples of a three-wire electric cable:

- KPvTBP-160 3 × 16 grades according to TU 3542-015-10995863-2005, commissioning year 2006, Russia, with copper conductive conductors with a cross section of 16 mm ² (analogue);

- grade AKPvTBP-90 3 × 25 according to TU 3542-015-10995863-2005 with conductive conductors made of aluminum alloy grade ABE with a cross section of 25 mm ² (prototype);

- grade AKPvTBP-160 3 × 25 ELKA according to TU 3542-044-50289046-2012, year of entry 2012, Russia, with conductive conductors made of heat-resistant aluminum alloy of the TAS brand, modified with zirconium with a content of wt.%: 0.05; 0.25; 0.35 (utility model).

All cable samples consist of three parallel-laid conductive conductors, two-layer insulation of conductors made of cross-linked polyethylene, a protective sheath of conductors made of thermoplastic elastomer, a pillow of non-woven fabric tapes, and armor of galvanized steel tape. The design and manufacturing technology of all cable samples, including the prototype, in the above examples were similar.

From table 1 it is seen that the heat-resistant aluminum alloy brand TAC, modified with zirconium, has the best characteristics.

From table 2 it can be seen that the new cable has higher performance.

New electric cables for the installation of submersible electric pumps have passed comprehensive tests at cable plants in the Russian Federation with positive results. Serial production of these cables is planned.

Table 1 Name of characteristics Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Wire Sample Options A5E Abe TAC-0.05 TAC-0.25 TAC-0.35 Tensile strength, MPa, according to GOST 10446-80 147 180 182 189 190 Elongation at break,%, according to GOST 10446-80 2 1,5 2.5 3 3 Electrical resistivity at 20 ° C DC, Ohm × mm ² / m, according to GOST 7229-76 0,0282 0,0300 0.0285 0,0283 0,0282 The temperature of the onset of recrystallization, ° C 130 170 210 310 320 Creep strength at 200 ° C, MPa, according to GOST 3248-81 7 12 thirty 46 48

table 2 Quality indicators for electric cables Cable KPvTBP-160 3 × 16 with copper conductors (analog) Cable AKPvTBP-90 3 × 25 with wires from aluminum alloy ABE (prototype) Cable options AKPvTBP-160 3 × 25 ELKA with conductors made of zirconium-modified aluminum alloy TAS-0.05 TAS-0.25 TAS-0.35 Estimated weight 1 km, kg 1016 872 870 865 867 Long-term permissible core heating temperature, ° C 160 90 140 160 160 Long-term permissible load current at a temperature of 90 ° C, A, according to GOST R 51777-2001 106 twenty 92 104 105

Claims (2)

1. An electric cable for installations of submersible electric pumps, containing conductive conductors made of aluminum or copper-clad aluminum or its alloys, insulation and a protective sheath of conductors, as well as a protective cover made of cushion and armor, characterized in that the conductive conductors are made of aluminum or of copper-plated galvanic by the method of aluminum or its alloys modified with rare or rare-earth metals from the group: zirconium, scandium, yttrium, cerium, lanthanum, vanadium, hafnium, or mixtures thereof. 2. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive conductors are made of heat-resistant aluminum alloy brand TAC, modified with zirconium.