RU117684U1 - ADAPTIVE FIRE ALARM SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Fire alarm system, including:! at least one fire detector capable of transmitting signals containing information about the current value of the monitored fire factor; ! fire control device capable of receiving from fire detectors signals containing information about the current value of the monitored fire factor, with the ability to determine the current value of the monitored fire factor based on the received information and with the possibility of generating a warning and / or alarm signal if the current value the controlled fire factor exceeds the selected warning and / or emergency threshold value of the controlled fire factor; ! characterized in that the system contains a means for monitoring technological parameters, made with the ability to generate signals that characterize significant operating modes of technological equipment, as well as with the ability to transmit these signals to the control device; at the same time, technological parameters are selected taking into account their influence on such undesirable factors of the technological process, which have an effect on the used fire detectors similar to the effect of a controlled fire factor, and can trigger a fire alarm in the absence of a fire; the fire control device is configured to receive signals from the technological parameters control device that characterize the significant operating modes of the technological equipment, which are selected taking into account their effect on such an unwanted person

Description

This utility model relates to fire fighting equipment, and more particularly, to fire detection systems by automatic fire detectors in a process room, where undesirable process factors have an effect similar to that of a controlled fire factor and can trigger a fire alarm in the absence of a fire ( hereinafter in the description such factors will be designated as “undesirable factors of technological cessa ”).

BACKGROUND

According to GOST R 53325-2009 "Fire-fighting equipment. Technical means of fire-fighting automation. General technical requirements. Test methods" according to the type of controlled sign (factor) of fire, automatic fire detectors (IPA) are divided into:

- thermal;

- smoke;

- flame;

- gas;

- combined;

- on another basis (factor) of the fire.

In the present description, the term “controlled fire factor” is used, which should be understood as any of the possible fire factors. Monitoring can be carried out using any fire detectors.

In this case, GOST R 53325-2009 gives the following definitions:

Thermal Fire Detector: AIP that responds to a temperature value and / or rate of temperature increase.

Smoke detector: API, reacting to particles of solid or liquid products of combustion and / or pyrolysis in the atmosphere.

Fire Flame Detector: IPA that responds to electromagnetic radiation from a flame or smoldering fire.

Gas fire detector: IPA that responds to changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere caused by a fire.

In addition, according to clause 4.1.1.2 of GOST R 53325-2009, according to the nature of the exchange with fire alarm control panels, automatic fire detectors are divided into:

- threshold;

- analogue.

In this case, GOST R 53325-2009 gives the following definitions:

Threshold fire detector: IPA that gives an alarm notification when a controlled parameter reaches or exceeds a specified threshold.

Analog fire detector: IPA, which provides information on the current value of the controlled fire factor to the control panel.

An analysis of the possibility of using the above APIs in technological rooms shows that even in the absence of a fire, the course of the technological process can be accompanied by undesirable technological factors that have a standard (performed in accordance with GOST R 53325-2009) APIs similar to fire factors. Such “imitating” fire, undesirable technological factors include: heat generation by technological equipment; leakage of combustion products with a change in the chemical composition of the atmosphere from technological equipment; electromagnetic radiation of technological equipment.

Obviously, such undesirable technological factors can trigger a fire alarm even in the absence of a fire. For example, various methods and devices for fire alarms are known in the room, where possible significant temperature changes are not associated with the occurrence of a fire, and heat is assumed at the initial stage of the fire.

At the same time, normative documents in the field of fire safety (see clause 13.1 of the code of rules SP 5.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems. Norms and design rules) give recommendations on the selection of thermal fire detectors:

- maximum thermal fire detectors should be used if heat generation is expected in the control zone when a fire occurs at its initial stage, and the use of differential and maximum differential heat fire detectors is impossible due to temperature changes that are not associated with the occurrence of a fire and lead to fires alarm in the absence of fire;

- maximum thermal fire detectors are not recommended for use in rooms where the air temperature during a fire may not reach the threshold temperature of the detectors or reach it after an unacceptably long time;

- the threshold value of the maximum detectors must be at least 20 ° C higher than the maximum allowable air temperature in the room.

The features of standard (developed in accordance with GOST R 53325-2009) types of maximum thermal detectors include a fixed threshold temperature value, which makes it difficult to use such technical means of fire detection in industrial premises, where the air temperature varies widely over different operating conditions (for example, depending on from the operating modes of the cooling system of hot technological equipment). Detectors with a high threshold value exceeding the maximum permissible air temperature in the room (for example, possible during an incident with an abnormal shutdown of the heat removal system from hot process equipment) do not provide speed during the main operating mode of the process equipment (during normal operation of the process equipment cooling system). Moreover, with a significant difference in the maximum allowable and standard air temperature in the room where the technological equipment with limited fire resistance is located, the maximum heat fire detectors may not be effective (because the time required for heating the air in a room to a threshold temperature of the heat detector may exceed the time limit determined by the fire resistance of the equipment).

At the same time, other features of the production room may make it difficult to refuse to use not very effective thermal fire detectors. For example, the clutter of the room with technological equipment makes it difficult to use high-speed flame detectors due to the large number of visually uncontrolled "dead" zones (a significant increase in the number of flame detectors to control all zones may not be economically feasible). For such rooms, the combined use of both thermal fire detectors (to control the room area) and fire flame detectors (to control fire hazardous equipment with the lowest level of fire resistance) may be optimal.

Given the need to ensure acceptable (taking into account the fire resistance of the controlled equipment) fire alarm performance, designers may be forced to choose standard thermal fire detectors with a temperature threshold below the maximum possible temperature (for example, in the event of an emergency shutdown of the heat removal system from hot process equipment) in the technological room . However, it is obvious that such an increase in sensitivity not only improves performance, but also increases the likelihood of "false" (in the absence of a fire) fire alarm in incidents with technological equipment.

Thus, the known method of using maximum fire detectors has the following disadvantage: in technological rooms with significantly unstable, due to the peculiarities of heat and cooling modes

technological equipment, air temperature, where there is a significant difference between the maximum possible (in incidents without fire) and standard (in the main operating modes) indoor air temperature, while ensuring the necessary reliability of the fire alarm, the probability of a false fire alarm is sharply increased.

However, the consequence of an incident with an abnormal shutdown of the heat removal system from hot process equipment may not be limited only by an increase in temperature in the process room. At the same time, the surface temperature of the equipment itself can increase, and as a result, the level of its infrared radiation, which must be taken into account when choosing the sensitivity level of infrared flame detectors (which, as the least sensitive to pollution optics, are often used in production) since Vibrating (during equipment operation) hot surfaces can cause a false alarm. The lack of standard flame detectors the ability to automatically change (adapt) the sensitivity depending on operating conditions (including the level of background electromagnetic radiation of the protected equipment at different operating modes) negatively affects the efficiency of the fire alarm (to prevent false alarms of the fire alarm, the sensitivity must be roughened under highest level of background electromagnetic radiation).

Similar difficulties exist when using gas and smoke fire detectors. So, according to clause 13.1.7 of the code of rules of SP 5.13130.2009: gas fire detectors should not be used in rooms where, in the absence of a fire, gases may appear in concentrations causing a fire alarm to be triggered.

As a result, the efficiency of using gas (or smoke) fire detectors is negatively affected by incidents with abnormal shutdown of ventilation in a controlled technological room, where combustion products may leak from the equipment with a change in the chemical composition of the atmosphere. Such a shutdown of ventilation can cause an increase in the concentration of combustion products in the air and provoke a false fire alarm based on the signals of gas (or smoke) fire detectors.

By analogy with other types of APIs, we can conclude that the lack of standard gas (or smoke) detectors the ability to automatically change (adapt) threshold values depending on operating conditions (including ventilation operation modes, whose shutdown can lead to an increase in the level of leakage concentration combustion products in the controlled area) negatively affects the efficiency of the fire alarm (to exclude false alarms of the fire alarm, threshold values must be selected under the most e high level of background concentration of combustion products).

However, a fire alarm device is disclosed in the prior art, disclosed in patent RU 2324234 C1, published May 10, 2008. It was adopted as the closest analogue of the present invention. The essence of the invention, according to the abstract, is to increase the reliability of detection of an early stage of fire development by taking into account the mutual influence of individual factors characterizing the development of a fire. The result is achieved through the use of several sensory sensors that respond to various fire factors. It is also disclosed in the description of this patent that the operation of this device involves the adjustment of threshold values (conditional threshold levels) based on sensor signals of various factors.

The disadvantage of the device, according to the closest analogue, is the need to use detectors of various types, which leads to its cost and complexity. Also, the device, according to the closest analogue, does not take into account the influence of undesirable process factors on the operation of fire detectors, which reduces the reliability of the fire alarm. Moreover, to increase the reliability of the fire alarm of the known device, it becomes necessary to use more types of detectors.

The challenge facing the developers of this utility model was to create a fire alarm system that was easier to implement, providing high reliability of the fire alarm in process rooms, where undesired process factors have an effect similar to that of a controlled fire factor on fire detectors used, and can trigger a fire alarm in the absence of a fire. Also, the task was to expand the arsenal of technical means.

DISCLOSURE OF A USEFUL MODEL

This problem is solved by selecting (adapting) threshold values of the controlled fire factor depending on the values of controlled technological parameters characterizing such changes in the operating mode of technological equipment in which undesirable process factors that have an effect similar to that of controlled fire factors on fire detectors used can Exceed thresholds in the absence of fire. Here, threshold values are understood to mean the values of the controlled fire factor established for a particular mode of operation of technological equipment, upon reaching which an alarm or warning signal is generated.

The technical result of this utility model is to increase the reliability of fire detection by automatic fire detectors in conditions where undesirable process factors affect the fire detectors used, similar to the effects of controlled fire factors, and can trigger a fire alarm in the absence of a fire, as well as the implementation of the fire alarm function .

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the fire alarm system includes: at least one fire detector, configured to transmit signals containing information about the current value of the controlled fire factor; fire alarm detector, configured to receive signals from fire detectors containing information about the current value of the monitored fire factor, with the ability to determine the current value of the monitored fire factor based on the received information and with the possibility of generating a warning and / or alarm in case the current value of the monitored fire factor exceeds the selected warning and / or emergency threshold value of the monitored fire factor. At the same time, the claimed fire alarm system differs from the closest analogue in that the fire alarm control device is capable of receiving signals characterizing significant operating modes of technological equipment, which are selected taking into account their influence on such undesirable process factors that have on fire detectors used exposure similar to that of a controlled fire factor, and can trigger a fire alarm in the absence of fever; wherein the receiving-control device is configured to select warning and / or emergency threshold values of monitored fire factors, depending on the current operating mode of the process equipment.

In addition, to further improve the reliability of operation, the system is additionally characterized in that the control and reception device is configured to receive a signal from the personnel on the correctness of the formation of a warning and / or alarm signal about a fire, based on which the alarm and / or warning threshold values of monitored fire factors for the current mode of operation of technological equipment, while the value of the new threshold values is set more than poppy the maximum values of the controlled fire factors recorded for the current operating mode of technological equipment.

Thus, in the event of a false fire alarm in case of receiving a signal from the personnel about the erroneous generation of fire signals, the threshold values of the monitored fire factor for the current operating mode of the process equipment are reset, and thereby the likelihood of a similar false fire alarm in the future is reduced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a block diagram of an adaptive fire alarm system;

Figure 2 - block diagram of the method of operation of the adaptive fire alarm system.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A GOOD MODEL

According to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, an adaptive fire alarm system includes: at least one fire detector configured to transmit signals containing information about the current value of the monitored fire factor;

fire alarm detector, configured to receive signals from fire detectors containing information about the current value of the monitored fire factor, with the ability to determine the current value of the monitored fire factor based on the received information and with the possibility of generating a warning and / or alarm in case the current value of the monitored fire factor exceeds the selected warning and / or emergency threshold value of the monitored fire factor. The fire alarm control device is also capable of receiving signals characterizing significant operating modes of technological equipment, which are selected taking into account their influence on such undesirable process factors that have an effect similar to that of a controlled fire factor on fire detectors used and can trigger fire alarm in the absence of fire. At the same time, the control and reception device is configured to select warning and / or emergency threshold values of the controlled fire factors, depending on the current operating mode of the process equipment. As fire detectors, automatic fire detectors can be used.

In the most preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the control and reception device can be configured to receive a signal from personnel about the correctness of generating a warning and / or alarm signal about a fire, based on which the alarm and / or warning threshold values of controlled fire factors are reset for the current the operating mode of technological equipment, while the value of the new threshold values is set more than the maximum values controlled fire factors recorded for the current mode of operation of technological equipment.

Signals characterizing significant operating modes of technological equipment can be received from an automated process control system. At the same time, analog fire detectors are used as fire detectors.

In addition, the receiving-control device 2 can be configured to receive a signal from the personnel about the correctness of generating warning or alarm signals, based on which, for example, in the case of a signal about the erroneous generation of a fire signal, the alarm and / or warning threshold values are reset controlled fire factors for the current mode of operation of technological equipment. Moreover, the value of the new threshold values is set greater than the maximum values of the controlled factors recorded by the analog fire detector 1 for the current operating mode of the process equipment.

The fire alarm control device 2 continuously measures the controlled fire factor by analogue fire detectors 1. Simultaneously, the fire alarm device 2 determines the current operating mode of the process equipment using signals from the automatic process control system 3 (modes are considered from the point of view of the influence of undesirable process factors on the functioning of firefighters detectors) and warning and emergency threshold values of the controlled fire factor from connected with the device 2 by the control panel for the current mode of operation of technological equipment.

The measured values of the controlled fire factor are subjected to statistical acceptance by the device 2, while the maximum reception (peak) values of the controlled fire factor for all normal (without fire) equipment operating conditions are recorded by the receiving-control device 2, including during incidents with the erroneous formation of warning and / or fire alarms. The processed values of the monitored fire factor are compared by the control and reception device 2 with the selected threshold values. If the processed value of the controlled fire factor exceeds the selected threshold value, the device 2 by the control panel generates warning and / or alarm signals about the fire. In the case of the formation of warning and / or emergency commands about a fire, the control and reception device 2 asks the service personnel for a correct fire alarm. In the event that a signal is received from the personnel about the erroneous generation of warning and / or alarm signals about a fire, the receiving-control device 2 resets the warning and / or emergency threshold values for the current operating mode of the process equipment to values whose values have the minimum allowable value, but at this warning threshold should be higher than the maximum value of the monitored fire factor previously recorded for the current operating mode whom the equipment in the absence of fire.

The adaptive fire alarm system can operate according to an algorithm that includes the following steps:

control 6 of the current value of the controlled fire factor by automatic fire detectors;

receiving 7 signals from automatic fire detectors containing information about the value of the controlled fire factor;

comparing the 8 accepted values of the controlled fire factor with the selected threshold values;

in case the accepted current values of the controlled fire factor exceed the selected warning threshold values, the formation of 9 fire warning signals; and if the accepted values of the controlled fire factor exceed the selected emergency threshold values, the formation of 9 fire alarms;

receiving 4 technological signals containing data on such changes in the operating mode of technological equipment, in which undesirable factors of the technological process,

having an effect similar to that of controlled fire factors on fire detectors used can exceed threshold values;

selecting 5 as a threshold value of a threshold value set for the current operating mode of the process equipment;

request 10 from the personnel for a signal on the correct formation of warning and / or alarms;

receiving 4 a signal from the personnel about the correctness of the formation of warning and / or alarms;

registration of 11 maximum values of the controlled fire factor for all normal operating modes of equipment, including in incidents with erroneous generation of warning and / or alarm signals;

if a signal is received from personnel about the erroneous generation of warning or alarm signals, 12 alarm and / or warning threshold values of the monitored fire factor are reset for the current operating mode of the process equipment, and the threshold values are set such that the threshold values have the minimum allowable values, but the threshold values being higher than the maximum values of the controlled fire factor previously recorded for the current operating mode of technological equipment in the absence of fire.

It should be noted that information about the value of the controlled fire factor can contain both the value of the controlled fire factor directly and some other value that makes it possible to judge the value of the controlled fire factor. For example, this information may be contained in discrete signals of one or more threshold fire detectors, that is, a notification when the controlled parameter exceeds the established threshold values. At the same time, the fire alarm control panel can determine the current value of the controlled fire factor based on the established one or more threshold values of the corresponding one or more detectors.

Adaptive fire alarm system according

of this utility model, can be recommended for monitoring the fire situation under the casing of a gas turbine installation (GTU), made on the basis of a hot gas turbine engine. Such natural gas used as fuels, gas turbines are used as a power drive in gas turbine gas pumping units and gas turbine power plants at gas and oil facilities.

In this case, the normal thermal mode of operation of the gas turbine is provided by purging the casing with fans for blowing the engine. Moreover, an abnormal (for example, due to interruptions in power supply) shutdown of the purge of the casing of the hot engine (which is recorded by the purge air flow indicator) causes an increase in temperature in the zone of location of the heat detectors and, as a result, can trigger a "false" (without a fire) operation fire alarm.

In addition, the clutter of the GTU casing with technological equipment makes it difficult to use one expensive (explosion-proof, with an extended operating temperature range, high-speed) fire detector under the casing due to the large number of visually uncontrolled "dead" zones (since a significant increase in the number of flame detectors , to control all zones, it is not economically feasible).

The analysis shows that for the control of the fire situation under the GTU cover, the combined use of both thermal fire detectors (to control the casing area) and infrared (whose optics are least sensitive to contamination) of fire flame detectors (to control fire hazardous equipment with the lowest level) can be optimal fire resistance). At the same time, fire flame detectors are most effective when the ventilation is working (when smoke and oil vapors that attenuate the radiation of the flame are removed by purging), and when the purge is turned off, the efficiency of thermal fire detectors increases. However, the high level of background infrared radiation from a hot gas turbine engine makes the sensitivity of infrared flame detectors rude, and the possibility of an increase in air temperature when the purge fans are turned off while the unit is running forces the use of thermal fire detectors with an elevated threshold temperature.

To ensure the stable operation of the fire alarm (including the elimination of “false” alarms in the event of a failure of the purge ventilation) it is advisable to use a “smart” (automatically adjusting its algorithm to the thermal operating mode of gas turbine engine and “trained” during operation) fire alarm device implementing adaptive algorithm

complex processing of both the signals of analog heat fire detectors and analog infrared flame detectors (mounted under the casing of the gas turbine), and the signals of technological sensors of the automatic control system (including the purge air flow warning device).

The adaptive fire alarm algorithm for the casing of a gas turbine unit should allow automatically raising the thresholds for the formation of fire warning and alarm signals about fire:

when starting a gas turbine and warming up a hot gas turbine engine;

- in case of unauthorized shutdown of the fans for blowing a hot engine (which is determined by the alarm signal from the purge air flow control signaling device), to the maximum values.

In this case, the minimum threshold values (maximum sensitivity of fire detectors) of fire detectors should be with the unit stopped (with a cold engine).

In addition, in case of erroneous generation of warning and / or fire alarms, the operator should be able to increase the corresponding threshold values. Moreover, such maximum threshold values must exceed the maximum value of the controlled fire factor (level of air temperature and / or level of infrared radiation), recorded when the fire alarm is false.

In addition, it should be noted that at present, the use of gas (or smoke) fire detectors to detect a fire in shelters where gas turbines are mounted is difficult due to the possibility of leakage of fuel gas combustion products from the exhaust system of a gas turbine engine. Moreover, the incident with the shutdown of ventilation in the shelter being protected can cause an increase in the concentration of combustion products in the air and provoke a false fire alarm based on the signals of gas (or smoke) fire detectors.

The ability to automatically change (adapt) the threshold values of analog gas (or smoke) fire detectors depending on the operating modes of the process equipment (including ventilation modes, whose shutdown can lead to an increase in the concentration level of leakage of combustion products in the controlled area) will allow to expand the zone the use of such detectors. The optimal use is the integrated use of analog gas (or smoke) fire detectors (to control the area of the shelter where the gas turbine is mounted) and fire flame detectors (to control equipment with a low level of fire resistance). Such a comprehensive monitoring scheme will reduce the number of fire flame detectors in a cluttered equipment shelter.

The adaptive fire alarm system, according to this utility model, provides a comprehensive analysis of both controlled fire factors and technological signals characterizing such undesirable process factors that have the same effect on fire detectors as controlled fire factors.

As follows from GOST R 53325-2009, threshold values are not set in analog fire detectors in advance, which allows them to be used organically for the implementation of the adaptive signaling method using a special fire alarm control panel.

Threshold fire detectors, which have predefined threshold values, can also be used to implement an adaptive fire alarm system, but according to less preferred schemes:

- instead of analogue fire detectors, multi-threshold (having several different threshold values, the achievement of which is informed by the corresponding signals) can be used fire detectors, while for the formation of warning and alarm signals about the fire, different detector signals are used, corresponding to the achievement of the corresponding threshold values, at different operating modes technological equipment.

- instead of one multi-threshold fire detector with several threshold values, several single-threshold fire detectors with different threshold values can be used, while for the generation of warning and alarm signals about a fire, signals from different detectors at different operating modes of technological equipment are used.

Moreover, for the implementation of the adaptive signaling training function based on threshold fire detectors, detectors with a function for resetting threshold values in the event of false alarms are required and additional technological sensors for measuring the controlled fire factor are desirable.

The present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiment, but it is obvious that it can be implemented in various ways, without going beyond the stated scope of legal protection determined by the utility model formula.

Claims (5)

1. Fire alarm system, including: at least one fire detector configured to transmit signals containing information about the current value of the monitored fire factor; fire receiving control device, configured to receive signals from fire detectors containing information about the current value of the monitored fire factor, with the ability to determine the current value of the monitored fire factor based on the received information and with the possibility of generating a warning and / or alarm in case the current value the controlled fire factor exceeds the selected warning and / or emergency threshold value of the controlled fire factor; characterized in that the system comprises a means of monitoring technological parameters, configured to generate signals characterizing significant operating modes of the process equipment, as well as the ability to transmit these signals to the control device; the technological parameters are selected taking into account their influence on such undesirable factors of the technological process, which have the same effect as the controlled fire factor on the fire detectors used, and can trigger a fire alarm in the absence of a fire; the fire control device is configured to receive signals from the technological parameter control that characterize significant operating modes of the technological equipment, which are selected taking into account their influence on such undesirable process factors that have the same effect as the controlled fire factor on the fire detectors used, and can provoke a fire alarm in the absence of a fire; wherein the acceptance control device is configured to automatically select warning and / or emergency threshold values of monitored fire factors, depending on the current operating mode of the process equipment. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the acceptance control device is configured to receive a signal from the personnel on the correctness of generating a warning and / or alarm signal about a fire, based on which the emergency and / or warning threshold values of the controlled fire factors are reset for the current operating mode of technological equipment, while the value of the new threshold values is set more than the maximum values of the controlled fire factors recorded A current mode of operation of the process equipment. 3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means for monitoring the process parameters includes an automated process control system. 4. The fire alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that as fire detectors are used threshold fire detectors configured to various threshold values. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that analog fire detectors are used as fire detectors.