RU117660U1 - DEVICE FOR DETECTING AND MEASURING A PULSE SIGNAL OF KNOWN POLARITY - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for detecting and measuring a pulse signal of known polarity, containing a differentiating filter 3, connected to its output, the first comparator 4, connected to the output of the first comparator 4, the first "AND" circuit 14, characterized in that an analog-to-digital converter is introduced at the input of the device (ADC) 1, to the output of which a differentiating filter 3 is connected, a sampling frequency generator 2 is introduced, the first 5 and second 6 accumulators, the first 7 and the second 8 are multi-input shift registers, connected to the output of the first comparator 4, the "NOT" circuit 27, the first 23 and the second 24 short pulse shapers on the fronts of the output signal of the first comparator 4, also connected to the output of the first comparator 4, the second 18, the third 19, the fourth 20, the fifth 21 and the sixth 22 comparators, the second 15, the third 16, the fourth 17 of the "AND" , first 12 and second 13 adders, averaging digital filter 25, first 9, second 10, third 11 multipliers by a constant coefficient, fourth a multiplier 26, connected by inputs to the output of the fourth 17 of the "AND" circuit and to the output of the second 13 adder, while the generator 2 of the sampling frequency is connected to the trigger input for converting ADC 1, to the inputs of the first 14 and second 15 circuits "AND", the output of the circuit " NOT "27 is connected to the input of the second 15 circuit" AND ", the output of the differentiating filter 3 is connected to the first 5 accumulator and the input of the first 9 multiplier by a constant coefficient, the output of the first 9 multiplier by a constant coefficient is connected to the second accumulating adder 6, the output of the first 14 circuit "And" is connected to the clock input of the first 5 accumulator, the output of the second 15 circuit "AND" is connected to the clock input

Description

The device relates to means for detecting and measuring parameters of electrical pulse signals at the output of a preamplifier of an infrared scanning system. The preamplifier includes a low-pass filter and a differentiating filter. The device can be used in a rocket launcher having an optical homing head (OGS), as well as in optical direction finders.

The presence in the spectrum of the electric signal from the photodetector of the scanning system of noise and interference components having a spectrum that decreases with increasing frequency requires the use of differentiating filters of at least second order to reduce these noise and interference components. In atmospheric transmission windows of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths of 3-5 μm, a useful signal is created by targets having a known (positive) contrast relative to the background. Therefore, it is necessary to detect and measure an electrical signal from a target of known polarity.

A device is known that detects an electrical signal using double differentiation [1] (analogue). Its disadvantages are low noise immunity when changing the level of interference, because there is no automatic adjustment of thresholds of comparators, as well as the use for making decisions about detecting a pulse of signals not only after the second differentiation, but the signal itself and the signal after the first differentiation.

A detection device with automatic threshold adjustment is known (US patent 5280289, January 18, 1994, IPC G01S 7/34), in which the difference between the positive and negative values of the pulse of the useful signal after the filter from a source having a positive contrast relative to the background is used to adjust the threshold. The device contains a notch filter of the constant component, a spatial filter 3 × 3 (5 × 5), the output buffer of the filter, which determines the maximum negative value of the signal (Find Most Negative Signal), the averaging device of this negative signal has a controlled time constant, depending on the average value signal from the cells of the spatial filter. The threshold is calculated using two constant parameters and a signal from the averaging device. It is argued that the ratio of the maximum positive impulse to the most negative for the useful signal after the filter is 4: 1, and for “Gaussian”, “non-Gaussian” noise and noise from the edges of the clouds is 1: 1, which allows us to successfully use negative values for threshold correction. The disadvantage of this device when used for a signal with an OGS having a photodetector elongated along one axis is the practical difficulty of creating such a spatial filter, since individual sections of the photodetector move along the image in the focal plane at different speeds.

A device for detecting electrical pulses from a photodetector of an optical or infrared scanning system with a limited passband, comprising two differentiating devices, comparators for estimating the positive and negative half-wavelengths of the signal after the first differentiating device, a comparator with a zero response threshold connected to the output of the second differentiating device. The signals at the output of the comparators using single-stable multivibrators and “I” logic circuits are used to evaluate the duration and shape of the pulse [3] (prototype). Useful impulses (impulses from the target) have a known sign of contrast over the background. The pulses arrive at the device after a low-pass filter with a known passband, which implies that the expected duration of the target pulse is known. The bandwidth is used to select the times of single vibrators in the detection device, with which pulses are selected with a given duration after the first differentiation. Positive and negative impulses after the first differentiating device arrive at the threshold devices. A threshold level is set to provide a given level of false alarms. Pulses after the second differentiation are fed to a comparator with a zero threshold. With the help of single vibrators and “I” circuits, the duration and symmetry of the received pulse are checked. Thus, the pulse is detected by its size and shape.

The disadvantages of this detection device are:

- lack of devices to ensure reliable detection when the interference level changes;

- the impossibility of detecting pulses in a wide range of values of their duration;

- lack of a numerical estimate of the magnitude of the detected pulse and the level of interference;

- in some cases, insufficient filtering of low-frequency interference (only a single differentiation and an additional second differentiation for additional verification of an additional parameter);

- in some cases, insufficient filtering of high-frequency noise due to the use of pulse differentiation without additional smoothing (smoothing only due to the low-pass filter, turned on before the first differentiation).

The purpose of this technical solution is to detect and measure a pulse signal of known polarity at the output of the preamplifier of the infrared scanning photodetector at an unknown level of interference with improved smoothing of high-frequency noise. The input signal from the device is the signal from the output of the preamplifier from the OGS. The preamplifier includes a low-pass filter and a differentiating filter with a single differentiation. In this case, the noise level and the magnitude of the detected pulse of the signal are measured after the second differentiation.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the claimed device contains, along with a differentiating filter connected to its output by the first comparator, connected to the output of the first comparator of the first “I” circuit, additionally introduced sampling frequency generator, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) connected in front of the differentiating filter the first and second accumulating adders connected to the outputs of the accumulating adders first and second multi-input shift registers connected to the output of the first comparator and the circuit “NOT”, the first and second short-pulse shapers connected to the output of the first comparator, the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth comparators, the second, third, fourth circuits “I”, the first and second adders, the averaging digital filter, the first , the second, third constant factor multipliers, the multiplier connected to the output of the fourth logic circuit “I” and to the output of the second adder, while the sampling frequency generator is connected to the input to the ADC conversion trigger input, to the inputs of the first and second “I” circuits, output from “NOT” is connected to the input of the second “I” circuit, the output of the differentiating filter is connected to the first accumulating adder and the input of the first multiplier by a constant coefficient, the output of the first multiplier to a constant coefficient is connected to the second accumulating adder, the output of the first “I” circuit is connected to the clock the input of the first accumulating adder, the output of the second accumulator “And” is connected to the clock input of the second accumulating adder, the output of the first driver of short pulses is connected to the input of the third circuit “And” and the input of sat the wasp of the first accumulating adder, the output of the second short-pulse generator is connected to the input of the fourth “I” circuit and the reset input of the second accumulating adder, the output of the first comparator is connected to the clock inputs of the multi-input shift registers, the output of the first accumulating adder is connected to the data input of the first multi-input shift register, the input the first adder and the first input of the second comparator, the output of the second accumulating adder is connected to the data input of the second multi-input shift reg Istra, the input of the second adder and the first input of the fifth comparator, the first output of the first multi-input shift register is connected to the input of the second adder and the input of the second multiplier by a constant coefficient, the first output of the second multi-input shift register is connected to the input of the first adder and the input of the second multiplier by a constant coefficient, the second the output of the first multi-input shift register is connected to the input of the first adder and the first input of the third comparator, the second output of the second multi-input shifts of the second register is connected to the input of the second adder and the first input of the sixth comparator, the output of the second multiplier by a constant coefficient is connected to the second inputs of the second and third comparator, the output of the third multiplier by a constant coefficient is connected to the second inputs of the fifth and sixth comparators, the outputs of the second and third comparators are connected to the inputs of the third AND circuit, the outputs of the fifth and sixth comparators are connected to the inputs of the fourth AND circuit, the output of the first adder is connected to the data input of the averaging digital filter a, the output of the third “I” circuit is connected to the clock input of the averaging digital filter, the output of the averaging digital filter is connected to the first input of the fourth comparator, the output of the second adder is connected to the second input of the fourth comparator, the output of the fourth comparator is connected to the input of the fourth circuit “And”. The improvement of high-frequency noise smoothing was achieved due to the use of a differentiating filter with an integration function as a differentiating filter, as recommended in [4], p. 330, since the proposed device can detect a pulse by its shape and size using such a filter.

The operation of the device is based on the popularity of the shape of the useful pulse from the photodetector of the scanning system, smoothed out by a low-pass filter and differentiated by a filter with differentiating properties and assigning to pulsed pulses such pulses that with high probability cannot be caused by a useful target. Noises and background noise, in contrast to the useful signal, can have a variety of shapes, both similar to the useful signal and very different from it.

Comparison of known technical solutions with the claimed device for technical implementation and the achieved result allowed us to conclude that there is novelty.

The essence of the claimed technical solution and its implementation are illustrated by the functional diagrams of the processing of the input signal and the waveforms of the signals shown in Fig.1-5.

Figure 1 shows the General structural diagram of the proposed device.

Figure 2 shows a possible block diagram of an averaging digital filter.

Figure 3, 4, 5 shows the waveforms of the signals at the inputs and outputs of the main nodes of the device (simulation).

The device for detecting and measuring a pulse signal of known polarity of Fig. 1 contains an ADC 1, a sampling frequency generator 2, a differentiating filter 3, made in the form of a filter with a finite impulse response (FIR filter), which has differentiating properties (see page 330 [4]) , the first comparator 4 (see [5] p. 101), the first 5 and second 6 accumulators (see [5] p. 152), the first 7 and second 8 multi-input shift registers (see [5] p. 144 ), first 9, second 10, third 11 constant factor multipliers, first 12 and second 13 adders, p I tear 14, second 15, third 16, fourth 17 of the “I” circuit, second 18, third 19, fourth 20, fifth 21, sixth 22 comparators, first 23 and second 24 short-pulse shapers (see [5], p. 74 ), the averaging digital filter 25, the fourth multiplier 26, the “NOT” circuit 27. The first multi-input shift register 7 records and shifts data along the rising edge of the signal from the first comparator 4. The second multi-input shift register 8 records and shifts data along the falling edge of the signal from the first comparator 4. The input of the ADC 1 is connected via a communication line to the preamp output An infrared scanning system in which the electric signal from the photodetector is filtered by a low-pass filter (low-pass filter) and is differentiated once by an analog filter. The sampling frequency generator 2 is connected to the input of the start to the conversion of the ADC 1 and the inputs of the first 14 and second 15 circuits "And". The differentiating filter 3 is connected to the output of the ADC 1, the output of the differentiating filter 3 is connected to the data input of the accumulating adder 5 and through the first multiplier 9 to the data input of the second accumulating adder 6. The first multiplier 9 by a constant coefficient has a multiplication factor equal to (-1), makes negative the signal values from the differentiating filter 3 are positive. The input of the comparator 4 is connected to the output of the differentiating filter 3, its output is connected to the first 23 and second 24 shapers of short pulses, with the clock inputs of the first 7 and second 8 multi-input shift registers, with the first 14 circuit “AND” and through the circuit “NOT” 27 with the second circuit “I” 15. The output of the first 5 accumulating adder is connected to the data input of the first 7 multi-input shift register, to the first adder 12 and the first input of the second comparator 18. For comparators 18-22 it is accepted that the signal at their outputs is set to unity if h layer on the upper input greater than the number in the lower inlet. The output of the second 6 accumulating adder is connected to the data input of the second 8 multi-input shift register, to the second 13 adder and to the input of the fifth 21 comparator. The output of the first driver of short pulses 23 is connected to the input of zeroing of the first accumulating adder 5 and the input of the third circuit “And” 16. The output of the second driver of short pulses 24 is connected to the input of zeroing of the second accumulating adder 6 and the input of the fourth circuit “And” 17. The first output of the first multi-input the shift register 7 is connected to the second adder 13 and through the third multiplier 11 by a constant coefficient to the second inputs of the fifth 21 and sixth 22 of the comparators. The first output of the second multi-input shift register 8 is connected to the first adder 12 and, through the second 10, a constant factor multiplier, to the second inputs of the second 18 and third 19 comparators. The second output of the first multi-input shift register 7 is connected to the first adder 12 and the input of the third comparator 19. The second output of the second multi-input shift register 8 is connected to the second adder 13 and the input of the sixth comparator 22. The outputs of the second 18 and third 19 comparators are connected to the individual inputs of the third circuit And "16. The outputs of the fifth 21 and sixth 22 comparators are connected to the individual inputs of the fourth circuit" And "17. The output of the third circuit" And "16 is connected to the clock input of the averaging digital filter 25. The data input is averaging about the digital filter 25 is connected to the output of the first 12 adder. The output of the averaging digital filter 25 is connected to the input of the fourth comparator 20 and serves as the output of the numerical estimation of the THRESHOLD noise level. The output of the second adder 13 is connected to the second input of the fourth comparator 20 and the fourth multiplier 26. The output of the fourth comparator 20 is connected to the fourth circuit “I” 17, the output of the fourth circuit “And” 17 is connected to the fourth multiplier 26, the output of which is used to provide a numerical estimate of the value detected pulse "S". The output of the fourth circuit "And" 17 is the output of the detector useful pulse "OBN".

Averaging digital filter 25 may be performed in accordance with the structural diagram of figure 2. It contains two, 27 and 28, parallel registers with edge control (see [5], p. 144), an adder 29, two, 30 and 31, multipliers by a constant coefficient. The clock inputs of the parallel registers 27, 28 are connected to the clock input “C” of the averaging digital filter 25. The data input “D” of the averaging digital filter 25 is connected to the data input of the parallel register 27, the output of the parallel register 27 is connected to the adder 29, the output of the adder 29 is connected to data input parallel register 28 and the multiplier 31 by a constant coefficient. The output of the parallel register 28 through the multiplier 30 by a constant coefficient is connected to the input of the adder 29. The output of the multiplier 31 by a constant coefficient forms the output of the averaging digital filter “THRESHOLD”.

A device for detecting and measuring a pulse signal of known polarity works as follows.

At the input of the device, the input of the ADC 1, a signal is received, the shape of which is shown in figure 3, the waveform 32. The signal comes from the output of the preamplifier of the scanning system of the infrared range. The type of signal at the output of the OGS photodetector is shown on the oscillogram 33. The waveform 34 shows the type of signal at the output of the differentiating filter 3. The signal from the OGS photodetector contains periodically repeated, useful pulses 35 from a source with positive contrast relative to the background, interference pulses 36 from a source having negative contrast with background, additive component of noise. At the ADC input 1, the useful pulses have the form 37, the interference pulses have the form 38, and the pulses from the additive noise are random in shape. At the output of the differentiating filter 3, the useful pulses take the form of 39, and the interference pulses of the form 40. Note the distinctive feature of the useful pulse from the interference pulse in the waveform 34. The useful pulse has a positive half-wave 41 pulses greater than the absolute values of the negative half-waves 42 pulses before and after of this positive half-wave 41 even after multiplying the value of the positive half-wave by a coefficient less than one. The interference pulse, on the contrary, has a modulus of negative half-wave 43 of pulse 40, greater than the positive half-wave of 44 pulses before and after this negative half-wave, even after multiplying the negative half-wave modulus by a factor less than unity. In the proposed device, these differences are used to classify the received pulses as interfering and preliminary classify the received pulses as useful.

Figure 4 again shows the waveform 33 at the output of the OGS photodetector and the waveform 45 with three signals on the same time axis, namely, the signal from the output of the differentiating filter 3 (repeated waveform 34) with positive half-waves 41 from the useful pulse, the signal at the output of the first the accumulating adder 5, with pulses 46 from the positive half-waves 41 and in the inverse form (represented as negative) shows the output signals of the second accumulating adder 6 with pulses 47 caused by negative half-waves 42 (FIG. 3) of the useful pulse and pulses 48 (FIG. 4) caused by the negative half-waves 43 (FIG. 3) of the interfering pulse 40. The positive half-waves 41 of the pulse 39 cause the signal 46 at the output of the first accumulating adder 5. The negative half-waves 42 of the pulse 39 cause pulses 47 at the output of the second accumulating adder 6 (shown on the waveform 45 as negative). On the oscillograms 49 on the time axis 50, the signal at the output of the comparator 4 is shown, on the time axis 51, the signal at the output of the short pulse generator 23 in the form of positive pulses, on the time axis 52, the signal at the output of the short pulse generator 24 (pulses of positive polarity). On the time axis 51, negative pulses of unit amplitude show the signal at the output of the third 16 “I” circuit (detection of jamming pulses in their shape, this signal is shown negative for clarity). Also, on the time axis 51, negative pulses of doubled magnitude show the signal at the output of the fourth 17th “I” circuit (detection of useful pulses in their shape, the signal is shown for clarity as negative, doubled pulses, while a unit logic level at the output of the fourth comparator is forced twenty). Oscillogram 53 shows simultaneously three signals that are involved in detecting an interference pulse by its shape, it is signal 46 from the output of the first accumulating adder 5 (signal with “teeth” when the accumulation of samples occurs), signal 54 from the second output of the first multi-input shift register 7 ( a square wave signal) and represented by an inverse (for clarity negative) signal 55 from the first output of the second multi-input shift register 8.

The input signal of the device is converted to a digital representation at the output of the ADC 1 and fed to the first 5 and second 6 accumulative adders. Negative values of the signal at the input of the second accumulating adder 6 have a positive value, because multiplied by (-1) by the first 9 multiplier by a constant coefficient. The first accumulating adder 5 summarizes the signal values when it is positive, because the first “I” circuit 14 passes the pulses of the generator 2 to the clock input when the signal at the output of the first comparator 4 is 1. The second accumulating adder 6 summarizes the signal values when it is negative, because the second circuit "And" 15, passes to the clock input pulses of the generator 2, when the output of the first comparator 4, the signal is zero. The accumulated values of the sum of the samples of the input signal are stored in multi-input shift registers 7 and 8 for two cycles. On the leading edge of the signal from the first comparator 4, the value of the positive half-wave is written into the first multi-input register 7. The first driver 23 of short pulses resets the first accumulating adder 5 before starting a new measurement of the value of the positive half-wave of the signal. On the trailing edge of the signal from the first comparator 4, the value of the negative half-wave is written into the second multi-input register 8. The second driver 24 short pulses resets the second accumulating adder 6 before starting a new measurement of the magnitude of the negative half-wave of the signal.

To detect an interfering pulse by the waveform, the magnitude of the negative half-wave module (the sum of the ADC readings when the signal from ADC 1 is negative, we obtain using the accumulating register 6) is compared with the previous and subsequent positive half-waves measured by the accumulating adder 5. The value modulus of the negative half-wave is reduced by a multiplier 10 by a constant coefficient less than 1. If the magnitude of the reduced module is a negative half-wave of the signal, more than the previous value followed by positive half-waves, the second 18 and third 19 comparators will output 16 logical units to the inputs of the third “I” circuit and by the pulse from the first 23 short-pulse shaper, the value from the first adder 12 will be transferred to the averaging digital filter 25. On the oscillogram 51 we see seven negative pulses with an amplitude of (-1), this occurred the detection of pulses in a form similar to interference.

To detect an impulse similar to the target impulse in the form of the signal, the positive half-wave (the sum of the ADC readings when the signal from the ADC is positive) is compared with the values of the previous half-modules of the negative half-waves. The value of the positive half-wave is reduced with the help of the multiplier 11 by a constant coefficient less than 1. If the value of the reduced positive half-wave of the signal is greater than the magnitudes of the previous and subsequent negative half-waves, then the fifth 21 and sixth 22 comparators will output logic units to the inputs of the fourth “And” circuit 17 . A pulse similar to the target is detected. If we set a logical unit at the output of comparator 20, then with unit pulses from the second 24 short pulse shaper we obtain for the signal from waveform 33 on waveform 51 six negative pulses with amplitude (-2), this detected pulses in a shape similar to useful. In reality, only pulses 56 and 57 correspond to useful pulses, the rest are caused by noise. To exclude the detection of noise pulses similar to the target ones, a comparator 20 is used, which gives a logical unit at the output if the signal from the adder 13 exceeds the signal from the output of the digital averaging filter 25. The adder 13 summarizes the positive half-wave and the absolute values of the negative half-waves preceding and following this positive half-wave.

Thus, if the positive half-wave of the pulse is greater than the values of the modules of the previous and subsequent negative half-waves and the signal from the second adder 13 is greater than the threshold value from the output of the digital averaging filter 25, the value from the second adder 12 through the fourth multiplier 26 is fed to the output “S” of the useful value meter pulse, at the same time at the output of "Obn" a pulse is formed, indicating the detection of a useful pulse.

Figure 5 shows the waveforms of the signals in the device with a small value of the input useful signal. Oscillogram 58 shows the signal at the output of the photodetector with useful pulses 59 of positive contrast. Waveform 60 shows three signals. The signal 61 at the output of the second adder 13, the threshold level 62 from the output of the averaging digital filter 25 and the magnitude of the detected useful pulse 63. Three signals are also shown on the waveform 64. The signal at the output of the differentiating filter 3 with useful pulses 65, the signal 66 of the detected useful pulse, is equal to the pulses 63, the magnitude of the interference pulses 67 detected in shape. The waveform 68 shows the signals similar to the signals on the waveform 49 of figure 4. The waveform 69 shows the signal from the output of the comparator 4. The waveform 70 shows the signal from the output of the short-pulse generator 23. The waveform 71 shows the signal from the output of the short-pulse generator 24. On the waveform 70 we see four cases (pulses with an amplitude of -1) for detecting interference pulses by form and six cases (impulses of amplitude -2) detection in the form of presumably useful impulses. The pulses 72 on the waveform 70 correspond to the case of detection of useful pulses, the value of which exceeds the value of the "THRESHOLD" from the output of the averaging filter 25.

Using the proposed device allows you to detect and evaluate the magnitude of the useful pulses after twofold differentiation of the signal, to evaluate the level of interference and use this estimate to increase the likelihood of a correct solution when detecting pulses of known polarity.

Currently, a device for detecting and measuring a pulse signal of known polarity with OGS has been manufactured and tests have been carried out with a positive result. The device is developed on the basis of hardware and software of the digital signal processor 1867ВЦ5Т [6 |.

Information sources:

1. US patent No. 4135161, January 16, 1979, H03K 5/153 (analogue).

2. US patent No. 5280289, January 18, 1994, G01S 7/34.

3. US Patent No. 4318047, February 02, 1982, Int.Cl. ³ G01R 29/02; G01S 3/78; US Cl. 328/112 [prototype].

4. K. Lantsosh. Practical methods of applied analysis. - M .: State publishing house of physical and mathematical literature. - 1961.

5. Yu.V. Novikov. Basics of digital circuitry. Basic elements and schemes. Design Methods. M .: World - 2001.

6. Integrated circuits 1867VTs5T. Technical description KFDL. 431299.013TO - Voronezh; FSUE NIIET - 2007.

Claims (2)

1. A device for detecting and measuring a pulse signal of known polarity, comprising a differentiating filter 3, a first comparator 4 connected to its output, a first "I" circuit 14 connected to the output of the first comparator 4, characterized in that an analog-to-digital converter is introduced at the input of the device (ADC) 1, to the output of which a differentiating filter 3 is connected, a sampling frequency generator 2, the first 5 and second 6 accumulating adders, the first 7 and second 8 multi-input shift registers connected to the output of the second comparator 4, the “NOT” circuit 27, the first 23 and second 24 short pulse shapers along the edges of the output signal of the first comparator 4, also connected to the output of the first comparator 4, the second 18, the third 19, the fourth 20, the fifth 21 and the sixth 22 comparators, the second 15, third 16, fourth 17 of the “And” circuit, first 12 and second 13 adders, averaging digital filter 25, the first 9, second 10, third 11 multipliers by a constant coefficient, the fourth multiplier 26, connected by the inputs to the output of the fourth 17 of the “And” circuit "And to the output of the second 13 adder, with the generator 2 hours The sampling rate is connected to the start input for converting the ADC 1, to the inputs of the first 14 and second 15 “I” circuits, the output of the “NOT” circuit 27 is connected to the input of the second 15 “I” circuits, the output of the differentiating filter 3 is connected to the first 5 accumulating adder and the input of the first 9 multiplier by a constant coefficient, the output of the first 9 multiplier by a constant coefficient is connected to the second accumulating adder 6, the output of the first 14 of the "And" circuit is connected to the clock input of the first 5 of the accumulating adder, the output of the second 15 of the "And" circuit is connected to the clock input m of the second 6 accumulating adder, the output of the first 23 short pulse generator is connected to the input of the third 16 “I” circuit and the reset input of the first 5 accumulating adder, the output of the second 24 short pulse generator is connected to the input of the fourth 17 short circuit “And” and the reset input of the second 6 accumulating the adder, the output of the first 4 comparator is connected to the clock inputs of the multi-input shift registers 7, 8, the output of the first 5 accumulating adder is connected to the data input of the first 7 multi-input shift register, the input of the first 12 the adder and the input of the second 18 comparator, the output of the second 6 accumulating adder is connected to the data input of the second 8 multi-input shift register, the input of the second 13 adder and the input of the fifth 21 comparator, the first output of the first 7 multi-input shift register is connected to the input of the second adder 13 and the input of the third 11 multiplier constant coefficient, the first output of the second 8 multi-input shift register is connected to the input of the first 12 adder and the input of the second 10 multiplier by a constant coefficient, the second output of the first 7 the nogo input shift register is connected to the input of the first 12 adder and the input of the third 19 comparator, the second output of the second 8 multi-input shift register is connected to the input of the second adder 13 and the input of the sixth 22 comparator, the output of the second 10 multiplier by a constant coefficient is connected to the inputs of the second 18 and third 19 comparators , the output of the third 11 multiplier by a constant coefficient is connected to the inputs of the fifth 21 and sixth 22 comparators, the outputs of the second 18 and third 19 comparators are connected to the inputs of the third 16 circuit “And”, the outputs of the fifth 21 and sixth 22 comparators are connected to the inputs of the fourth 17 of the "And" circuit, the output of the first 12 adder is connected to the data input of the averaging digital filter 25, the output of the third 16 circuit "And" is connected to the clock input of the averaging digital filter 25, the output of the averaging digital filter 25 connected to the input of the fourth comparator 20, the output of the second adder 13 is connected to the input of the fourth comparator 20, the output of the fourth comparator 20 is connected to the input of the fourth And circuit 17, and the outputs of the fourth multiplier 26, the outputs d fourth circuit "I" and the output 17 of the averaging digital filter 25. 2. A device for detecting and measuring a pulse signal of known polarity according to claim 1, characterized in that the differentiating filter 3 is made in the form of a filter with a finite impulse response.