RU115726U1 - TRANSPORT SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A transport system containing a mobile vehicle capable of moving on an air cushion and installed on a transport route made in the form of supports with a bearing surface erected on the track, air flow generators with the ability to forcefully influence the transport route, power wires and an orientation device, characterized in that the transport path is made in the form of successively arranged, at least two rows of supports, on which masts are fixed in the form of rods, the bearing surface is made in the form of a web connected with the supports, and the mobile vehicle is made in the form of a wagon having the shape of the aerodynamic wing and forming the space between the bed and the bottom of the car, while the air flow generators are installed on the mobile vehicle. ! 2. Transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the orientation device is made in the form of wings located on the periphery of the vehicle and equipped with a tail rudder mounted on the rear of the car. ! 3. The transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the power cables are located on the supports of the transport track and masts associated with the supports. ! 4. Transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the system further comprises a membrane that is located under the wings of the vehicle and is secured to supports and masts.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the field of land high-speed vehicle and can be used to create high-speed trunk stabilizers, using vehicles with minimal friction on the track surface, for example, air-cushion vehicles carrying passengers and goods over long distances along the transport route .

Various high speed transport systems for moving air cushion vehicles are known.

A rail-type hovercraft is known (RF patent No. 20033531, CL. B60V 3/04, 1997.12.10). The essence of the invention lies in the fact that wagons are installed on the monorail with the possibility of moving on an air cushion thanks to a linear engine consisting of two parts, one of which is mounted on the wagon and represents a developed (linear) winding of the rotor engine, and the other is mounted on transport path and represents a similar winding "stator". The cars have flexible air cushion fencing and centrifugal compressors for its formation under their bottom.

This transport system is operated as follows: along the path length, an alternating voltage is applied simultaneously to the stationary winding of the track and the winding of the linear motor mounted on the car, creating between them a stationary and moving magnetic field that carries train cars along, and to reduce the coefficient of friction cars on the transport bed under them with the help of compressors installed in each car, create an air cushion on which the cars are hung and moved.

The disadvantages of this transport system is that it has a significant mass, is complex and uneconomical for solving modern problems of creating high-speed trunk transportation systems, since in the known device the actuators, linear motor and compressor do not have multifunctionality (each works only for its own needs).

It should be noted that all modern trains with a linear engine have a significantly greater mass compared to traditional trains, because under their bottom along the entire length of the car is a copper winding with a magnetic circuit of the linear rotor.

In addition, the operation of compressors to create an air cushion on such a heavy vehicle leads to significant energy costs, additionally complicates the design and reduces the reliability of the transport system.

At the same time, a powerful magnetic field will pose a serious threat to the health of passengers.

Known transport system "Aerotrain" produced in France with a vehicle developing a speed of more than 400 km / h.

This transport system includes a transport path with a longitudinal guide, a vehicle mounted on it, comprising a mating part in the bottom of the housing, equipped with devices covering the above-mentioned guide, centering the vehicle during movement. The vehicle is equipped with a compressor and a supercharger-air intake for creating an air cushion, (www.aerotrain. Corn., Www.aerotrain-wikipedia.com)

The weight of one such self-moving car is 60 tons and to ensure high speed, create a powerful air cushion, overcome significant aerodynamic drag and friction of the vehicle against the guide rail, a vehicle mounted turbojet engine using hydrocarbon fuel with a total capacity of 2,700 kilowatts is used as a propulsion system.

To move a vehicle of this transport system, two different systems are used:

an air cushion (3 mm high) is created with the help of compressors and superchargers-air intakes located in the vehicle by supplying air flows to special annular cavities with closed guards located under the bottom of the vehicle,

- acceleration and braking of the vehicle is created using a turbojet engine of the vehicle and gas-dynamic reflectors installed behind its nozzle.

However, this system has not received its distribution due to the high complexity of the design, low efficiency and negative impact on the environment.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed utility model is a transport system containing a movable vehicle mounted on a transport path made in the form of towers constructed on the highway with a bearing surface, with the possibility of moving on an air cushion, air flow generators with the possibility of force acting on the transport path , power wires and orientation device (RF patent No. 2252880).

In the known system, at certain distances along the route, supports with a height of at least 10-12 m are installed on piles, monolithic on top with grillages.

From above, in the direction of the axis of the track, the support is made trough-shaped, covering the vehicle at least 1/3 of the height.

Super-permanent magnets and super-electromagnets are installed in a certain direction from the inside of the trough-like surface of the support to maintain the vehicle in suspension, without touching the support, its trough-like part.

In addition, a stator of a linear electric motor with super-winding with superconducting wires cooled by liquid helium at a temperature of -250 ° C is installed on the support.

Super-permanent magnets are made from a rare-earth metal alloy SmCo ₅ , and superconductors are made from an alloy of vanadium with galium, which is not a rare-earth metal.

Both permanent magnets and electromagnets are oriented on one side, the lower ones are upward on the horizontal part of the gutter, and on the sides on a curve facing perpendicular to the tangent curve, i.e. to the conditional middle of the vehicle.

In addition, compressed air is supplied to the trough-shaped part of the support, which contributes to the creation of additional lifting force in the form of an air cushion between the trough-shaped top of the support and the lower part of the vehicle and ensures that the trough-shaped part of the support is clean from snow, ice, dusting at any time of the year and in any weather by systematic, automatic inclusion.

The vehicle itself is an articulated fuselage with high aerodynamic quality K = 25 (the ratio of the lifting force of electromagnets and air cushion to the force of any resistance) mainly from three sections: the front section (fore), middle and tail.

In this case, the sections are located on the same axis and are interconnected by bundles, providing a limited turn to the side at the turns of the track.

Moreover, the nose and tail sections are slightly longer than the distance between the supports in order to be able to stop the vehicle on four supports, which helps to reduce the weight of the vehicle.

The bow section has a navigational cockpit, and stabilizers installed externally on the same level, creating additional lifting force that prevents the section from bending when they are in a cantilever position.

The stabilizer rotation sensor is a laser mounted at the bottom in front of the section.

The tail section has a traditional keel and arrow-shaped stabilizer, performing mainly the functions of aerodynamic brakes, as well as a deflection stabilizer when the tail section is cantilevered,

In the lower part of all three sections, on their horizontal parts and on the sides, to the level of the top of the trough-shaped part of the support, superconstant magnets and super-electromagnets are fixed in a certain alternation, which are directed by the poles to repel.

The driving force of the vehicle is a linear electric motor.

Rotor - the lightest part of the electric motor is a straight rod made of steel. What cross section, economically and technically justified, has yet to be investigated, studied: rectangular, square, round, hexagonal or tubular.

To achieve additional lifting force and systematic cleaning of the trough-like surface of the support along the route, a compressed air pipe, for example, with a diameter of 500 mm and a volume of 120,000 cubic meters, is laid in the ground or in a special tunnel channel.

Opposite each support, a tap was made with an input to the consumable receiver at the bottom of the support.

Each receiver, connected directly to the main line of compressed air, is equipped with a safety valve. Even if 10 valves fail on the highway, then 3990 in the main tubular receiver is in good condition, provided that there are 150 meters between the supports.

Electric energy consumption can be twofold. Due to the country's energy system and autonomous, independent, due to wind, solar energy. The linear electric motor will work in a matter of seconds, and if the vehicle capacity is 5,000 people, even on the Moscow-St. Petersburg route, the stator on the support will turn on only once or twice a day.

The disadvantages of the known design are:

1. High gas-dynamic losses, leading to a decrease in carrying capacity and speed due to the impact on the vehicle of low-energy air flows, since the air ducts are cluttered with a system of valves and jets, which slows down the flows in the nozzles, as well as in the valves from the impact of the flows when leaving the opposite windows valve body.

When the operator tilts the platform to move the vehicle in question, the already weakened air flows coming from under its bottom surface are not concentrated, but, on the contrary, are sprayed, which leads to dispersal and decrease of the components of the reactive forces and additional weakening of the air cushion.

2. High energy costs associated with a constant flow of air and its replenishment along the entire path, made in the form of an extended cavity-box with jets, to ensure stable parameters of the air flow.

3. Low reliability of the entire transport system under the influence of adverse environmental factors, since the air supply devices and valves are made on the principles of moving precision elements in a small space that does not allow contamination, freezing and corrosion of working surfaces. In addition, air drawn from the atmosphere and passed through the above-mentioned valves requires filtration, since the valve elements also prevent not only solid, but any liquid components that can form layers and jams in the gaps of the moving elements, which will cause the valves to stick and cause pressure loss .

4. The low speed of the actuators for creating traction, because in the prototype the vehicle is controlled by changing the center of mass of the platform - operator system, due to the tilt of the platform with high inertia, which does not allow them to be used for real high-speed transport systems.

5. The complexity of sealing the path, made in the form of a single cavity - boxes on its entire extent.

The technical result solved by the proposed utility model is the creation of a transport system that allows to simplify its design, increase the carrying capacity of the system while increasing the speed of movement of the vehicle, and reduce energy consumption.

The technical result in the proposed utility model is achieved by creating a transport system containing a movable vehicle having the ability to move on an air cushion and installed on a transport path made in the form of towers constructed on the highway with a bearing surface, air flow generators with the possibility of force acting on the transport path, power wires and an orientation device, characterized in that, the transport path is made in the form of sequentially arranged, at least in two rows of supports on which the masts are fixed in the form of rods, the bearing surface is made in the form of a web connected with the supports, and the mobile vehicle is made in the form of a car having the shape of an aerodynamic wing, and forming a space between the web and the bottom of the car, while the generators air flow mounted on a mobile vehicle.

In this case, the orientation device is made in the form of wings located on the periphery of the vehicle and is equipped with a tail wheel mounted on top of the rear of the wagon — the wings, and power wires are located on the supports of the transport path and the masts associated with the supports.

In addition, the transport system further comprises a membrane, which is located under the wings of the vehicle and is mounted on supports and masts.

The proposed transport system allows you to: create an air cushion, due to aerodynamic forces and the screen effect, providing high load capacity,

- to obtain high reactive forces to ensure a high speed of movement of the vehicle,

- improve performance

- increase the reliability of the system when exposed to external adverse factors.

Technical and economic advantages of the proposed technical solution is as follows:

- a relatively simple technical solution in embodiment, in the form of supports in two rows with a bearing surface in the form of a web (membrane) over specific distances;

- high reliability, safety, and profitability, since a mobile vehicle car - a wing is located above the surface of the canvas and moves due to aerodynamic forces and the screen effect;

- higher competitiveness compared to civil aviation;

- Does not interfere or cut engineering communications, does not interfere with the movement of any type of ground transport in all directions;

- does not require alienation of land, with the exception of small plots - for support, does not cut agricultural land and does not interfere with the cultivation of land;

- relatively small energy costs for creating lifting force due to aerodynamic forces and the screen effect, since the mobile vehicle wagon - wing is essentially an ekranoplane, and moves without touching the canvas, and is in a balanced position due to aerodynamic forces and screen effect, and the propulsion is air flow generators, which can be made in the form of electric screws, or electric turbines; located on the wing

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated by the following description and drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the proposed transport system;

figure 2 is a cross section of the proposed transport system

The transport system comprises a movable vehicle 1 mounted on a transport path in the form of supports 2 constructed on a highway in two rows with a bearing surface 3 made, for example, of a flexible, durable basalt sheet, the edges of which 4 are connected to supports 2.

The mobile vehicle 1 is made in the form of a car having the shape of an aerodynamic wing, and forming a space 5 between the bearing surface of the web 3 and the bottom part 6 of the mobile vehicle 1, while the air flow generators 7 are located on the mobile vehicle 1 and can be made in the form electric screws or electric turbines.

An orientation device is installed on the car 1, made in the form of wings 8 located on the periphery of the car 1 and equipped with a tail wheel 9 mounted on the rear of the car 1.

In addition, the transport system is equipped with power wires 10 and 11

The two lower power wires 10 are located on the supports 2 of the transport path and have the ability to interact with the car 1 on the sides, and the power wire 11 is installed between the masts 12 mounted on the supports 2 and has the ability to interact with the current collector 13 of the car 1.

Moreover, the lower power wires 10 simultaneously provide additional stabilization of the car 1 in the vertical and horizontal planes.

Above the power wire 11 is a lightning protection wire 14.

Under the wings 8 of the car 1, a membrane 15 is installed, which is fixed on the supports 2 on one side and mounted on the masts 12 on the other.

The execution of the movable vehicle 1 in the form of a car having the shape of an aerodynamic wing with high aerodynamic properties increases the efficiency of air blowing under the vehicle 1 and provides an increase in aerodynamic lift and screen effect due to the formation of a tunnel 6 between the bottom of the vehicle 1 and the bearing surface of the canvas 3 .

The equipment of the mobile vehicle 1 of the car with the orientation system in the form of wings 8 located on the periphery of the mobile vehicle 1 and the tail wheel 9 provides interaction with the membrane 14, which provides roll control and improves maneuverability

The implementation of the bearing surface of the canvas 3, for example, from a flexible durable basalt sheet, provides the ability to move the vehicle on an air cushion due to aerodynamic forces and the screen effect. This allows you to create an artificial surface to provide a screen effect almost anywhere, regardless of the terrain

The fastening of the web 3 to the supports 2 forms a trough-like surface, which contributes to the stabilization and stability of the flight of the moving vehicle 1.

The presence of air flow generators 7 located on a moving vehicle 1 of the car, provides movement of the moving vehicle 1 relative to the canvas 3.

Operate the transport system as follows.

Before starting the movement of the movable vehicle 1 is installed on the transport path using auxiliary means, for example, a forklift (not shown).

To start the movement of the mobile vehicle 1 by signal from the control panel or automatically using the control system include generators of air flows 7 located on the mobile vehicle 1 in the projection zone of the upper part of the housing of the mobile vehicle 1.

By adjusting the rotation speed of the air flow generators 7, for example, using a frequency controller.

The air flows after exiting the fans 7 are directed along the movable vehicle 1, thereby creating a longitudinal thrust until the momentum of the jet, creating aerodynamic lifting force does not exceed the mass of the moving vehicle 1 made in the form of a carriage (essentially an ekranoplan).

The movement of a mobile vehicle 1 made in the form of a wagon-wing occurs in the usual way for a given class of aircraft (ekranoplanes).

After starting and increasing the rotor speed of the air flow generators 7, the pressure in the air cushion increases due to air injection through the tunnel 5 down under the movable vehicle 1 wing car.

At the maximum power of the air flow generators 7, a mobile vehicle 1 wagon-wing enters a static air cushion in place and then begins to move to the launch site.

An orientation device in the form of wings 8 is automatically released. With the wing liners 8 released, the mobile vehicle 1 wagon — the wing starts acceleration on an air cushion.

When the speed increases to 40-50 km, the wing flaps 8 from the high-pressure head (which is higher than in the air cushion) are automatically or manually removed.

Then the moving vehicle 1 car increases the speed to cruising and makes a flight, being above the canvas 3 due to aerodynamic forces and the screen effect. Landing of a mobile vehicle 1 car is carried out in the reverse order.

A mobile vehicle 1 wagon flies at a height of 1-2 m, i.e. at the height of the significant effect of the screen effect and optimal piloting. Evolutions in the air and landing of a mobile vehicle of 1 carriage - wing are carried out in the same way as an ekranoplane with a power plant providing a small excess of power and a vertical flight speed of up to 1 m / s.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed transport system is much simpler (there are no magnets, an air duct system), while the aerodynamic qualities are improved, the hydrodynamic resistance is reduced, and the operational properties are improved. The relative mass of the proposed transport route is lower than that of the prototype due to the lack of complex bulky magnetic cores and air ducts.

The value of the air cushion, lifting force, carrying capacity and speed of the moving vehicle on the way can conveniently be controlled by changing the flow characteristics at the output of the air flow generators 7, which will simplify the control of the mobile vehicle.

The claimed transport system can be implemented industrially using known materials and assemblies.

For example, axial fans, electric screws, electric turbines having significant gaps between the impeller and the casing, and sealed in accordance with standard requirements for electrical safety for industrial type fans operating outdoors, can be used as main units and providing the required protection from external adverse factors.

Composite materials and light alloys can be used to make the hull of a moving vehicle.

Claims (4)

1. A transport system containing a movable vehicle having the ability to move on an air cushion and installed on a transport path made in the form of towers constructed on the track with a bearing surface, air flow generators with the possibility of force acting on the transport path, power wires and orientation device, characterized in that the transport path is made in the form of sequentially arranged at least two rows of supports on which masts in the form of rods are fixed, supporting the surface be formed as a web, associated with the supports, and a movable transport means is a carriage having the shape of the aerodynamic wing and forming a space between the blade and the bottom of the wagon, the air flow generator mounted on a mobile vehicle. 2. The transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the orientation device is made in the form of wings located on the periphery of the vehicle and is equipped with a tail wheel mounted on the rear of the car. 3. The transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the power wires are located on the supports of the transport path and the masts associated with the supports. 4. The transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the system further comprises a membrane, which is located under the wings of the vehicle and mounted on supports and masts.