RU114130U1 - HEAT BATTERY WITH ADJUSTABLE HEAT SELECTION - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A heat accumulator with controlled heat extraction, containing a housing located between the pipeline of the heated medium and the pipeline of the heating medium and filled with heat storage material, at least two heat pipes are placed in the heat accumulator casing, characterized in that the heat pipes are placed in the heat accumulator casing in pairs, temperature sensors are also installed in the housing, temperature sensors and flow meters are installed on the pipelines of the heated medium and the heating medium, an ultrasonic device is installed at the ends of the housing, consisting of a source and a receiver, in addition, the heat accumulator is equipped with a computing device containing a microprocessor interconnected, a mode programmer operation of the heat accumulator, the converter and the pulse-width modulator, the inputs of the computing device through the converter are connected to the outputs of the temperature sensors, the outputs of the flow meters and the output of the receiver of the ultrasonic device, the pipe is made in the form of a cylindrical body, at the ends of which mesh membranes are installed, embedded in dielectric inserts fixed on the walls of the body, and the inner space of the heat pipe body is filled with a capillary-porous material, in addition, the heat accumulator is additionally equipped with a source of alternating voltage, which is its input is connected to the output of the pulse-width modulator of the computing device, and the outputs are connected to the mesh membranes of the heat pipe. ! 2. Heat accumulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the computing device additionally

Description

The utility model relates to heating systems for residential and other buildings, consisting of their autonomous heaters, such as thermal batteries.

Alternative sources of thermal energy cannot work in stationary mode. Therefore, it is promising, for example, to accumulate thermal energy at night, and during the day, during peak hours, to use it. As a result, the pulsations of thermal energy are “smoothed out" both during its production and during generation. For this purpose, for example, thermal batteries can be used.

A heat accumulator is known (application for invention No. 94019250, IPC F28D 20/00, priority 05/12/1994). The proposed heat accumulator comprises an outer casing, inside of which there is an inner casing filled with a heat storage element. The space between the inner and outer casing forms an insulated cavity with a reduced pressure. A pipe for circulating a heat-carrying medium having an inlet end and an outlet end, as well as an additional exhaust gas pipe having an inlet end and an outlet end, the internal cavities of which are formed in an inner case filled with, passes through the walls of the outer case, the insulated cavity, and the walls of the inner case. heat storage element (filler), channels. The channel has an inlet end of the pipeline and an outlet end, respectively. The channel has respectively an input end and an output end of an additional tube.

The disadvantages of this heat accumulator should include the fact that its design allows the accumulation and expenditure of thermal energy, but does not provide an adjustable selection of thermal energy.

A heat accumulator is known that implements a method of controlled heat extraction from a heat accumulator using a heat pipe (application for invention No. 2007143856, IPC F24D 15/00 with priority dated November 26, 207). The heat accumulator comprises a housing (body) and a heat pipe located in a channel in the body of the heat accumulator. The heat pipe is made with the possibility of moving deep into the body of the heat accumulator as it cools.

A disadvantage of the known heat accumulator is the constructive (technological) complexity of regulating heat extraction since heat is removed by moving the heat pipe deep into the body.

A design variant of a heat accumulator with heat pipes is also known (“Traditional and alternative heat supply of low heat power facilities” website http://www.truba.ua, magazine “Heating, water supply, ventilation, air conditioning” No. 1 of 2005). The heat accumulator comprises a housing with a granular matrix, supplying and removing heat pipes, a collector (pipeline) with a heated medium and a collector (pipeline) with a heating medium.

This thermal battery is the closest to the claimed technical solution and adopted as a prototype.

The design of this heat accumulator with heat pipes allows more efficient use of the stored heat energy, while heat pipes are used as heat exchange surfaces. However, this design of the heat accumulator does not provide an adjustable selection of thermal energy.

The utility model is based on the task of developing the design of a heat accumulator, which allows for the controlled selection of heat, while ensuring ease of layout, reliability and stability.

The problem is solved in that the heat accumulator with controlled heat removal contains a housing located between the pipeline of the heated medium and the heating medium pipeline and is filled with heat-accumulating material. In the case of the heat accumulator heat pipes and temperature sensors are placed in pairs. Temperature sensors and flow meters are installed on the pipelines of the heating and heated media. An ultrasonic device consisting of a radiation source (generator) and a receiver is installed at the ends of the heat accumulator case. The heat accumulator is additionally equipped with a computing device containing a microprocessor interconnected, a heat accumulator operating mode programmer, a pulse-width modulator and a transducer, while the inputs of the computing device are connected through the converter to the outputs of the temperature sensors, the outputs of the flowmeters, and the output of the ultrasonic device receiver.

The heat pipe is made in the form of a cylindrical body, at the ends of which there are mesh membranes embedded in dielectric inserts fixed on the walls of the body, and the inner space of the heat pipe body is filled with capillary-porous material. The heat accumulator is additionally equipped with a source of alternating voltage, which is connected via its input to the output of the computing device through a pulse-width modulator, and the outputs of the source of alternating voltage are connected to the mesh membranes of the heat pipe. The source of alternating voltage is based on a rectifier device and a relay. In addition, for visual control of the stored and delivered heat energy and operating modes, the computing device is additionally equipped with a display.

In the claimed heat accumulator with controlled heat extraction, common essential features for him and for his prototype are:

- a housing located between the pipeline of the heated medium and the heating medium pipeline and filled with heat-accumulating material;

- heat pipes located in the housing of the heat accumulator. A comparative analysis of the essential features of the claimed heat accumulator with controlled heat and prototype shows that the first, in contrast to the prototype, has the following distinctive features:

- heat pipes are placed in the heat accumulator case in pairs;

- temperature sensors are installed in the case;

- temperature sensors and flow meters are installed on the pipelines of the heated medium and heating medium;

- an ultrasonic device consisting of a radiation source and a receiver is installed at the ends of the heat accumulator case;

- a computing device containing interconnected microprocessor, a programmer of the operating mode of the heat accumulator, a converter and a pulse-width modulator, while the inputs of the computing device through a converter are connected to the outputs of the temperature sensors, the outputs of the flowmeters and the output of the receiver of the ultrasonic device;

- the heat pipe is made in the form of a cylindrical body, at the ends of which there are mesh membranes embedded in dielectric inserts mounted on the walls of the body, and the inner space of the heat pipe body is filled with capillary-porous material;

- a source of alternating voltage, which is connected by its input to the output of the computing device through a pulse-width modulator, and its outputs are connected to the mesh membranes of the heat pipe.

This combination of common and distinctive essential features provides a technical result.

Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that the set of essential features of the claimed utility model has a causal relationship with the achieved technical result.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a functional diagram of a heat accumulator with adjustable heat extraction using controlled heat pipes; figure 2 - construction of a heat pipe with electrostatic induction of charges in the electric field of mesh membranes, controlling the selection of thermal energy; figure 3 is a block diagram of a computing device; figure 4 is a functional diagram of a source of alternating voltage; 5 is a timing diagram of the source of alternating voltage.

In the drawings, the following notation:

1 - heat accumulator housing

2 - pipeline heated medium

3 - heating medium pipeline

4 - heat storage material

5 - heat pipe

6 - temperature sensors

7, 8 - sensors of flow meters of heating and heated medium

9 - temperature sensors heating and heated medium

10 - source (generator) of an ultrasonic device (UZU)

11 - receiver of the ultrasonic device

12 - computing device (WU)

13 - heat pipe body

14 - mesh membrane of the heat pipe

15 - capillary-porous material

16 - source of alternating voltage

17 - dielectric insert

18 - microprocessor WU

19 - programmer operating mode of the heat accumulator

20 - converter VU

21 - pulse-width modulator WU

22 - display

23 - rectifier device

24 - relay.

The heat accumulator with controlled heat removal comprises a housing 1, located between the heated medium pipe 2 and the heating medium pipe 3 and filled with heat-accumulating material 4. In the heat accumulator body 1, heat pipes 5 and temperature sensors 6 are arranged in pairs. On pipelines 2 and 3, temperature sensors 9 are also installed. On pipelines 2 and 3, flowmeter sensors 7 and 8 are installed, respectively. An ultrasonic device consisting of a radiation source (generator) 10 and a receiver 11 is installed at the ends of the heat accumulator housing 1. The heat accumulator is equipped with a computing device 12, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the temperature sensors 6, 9, the outputs of the flow meters 7, 8 and the output of the ultrasonic receiver 10 devices. The heat pipe 5 is made in the form of a cylindrical body 13, in the ends of which mesh membranes 14 are installed, embedded in dielectric inserts 17, with one mesh membrane installed in the upper part of the housing and two in the lower part. The inner space of the casing of the heat pipe 5 is filled with capillary-porous material 15. The design of the capillary-porous material is implemented in the form of a woven mesh made of copper wire with various mesh sizes having several layers. A layer having a smaller mesh size is located on the surface of the inner wall of the pipe in order to increase heat transfer and decrease the hydraulic resistance; in subsequent layers, the mesh size increases. The heat accumulator is equipped with an alternating voltage source 16, which is connected via its input to the output of the computing device 12. The outputs of the alternating voltage source are connected to the mesh membranes 14 of the heat pipe 5. The computing device contains a microprocessor 18 connected to each other, a heat accumulator operating mode programmer 19, and a converter (input device) 20, a pulse-width modulator 21, forming a control action on a source of alternating voltage 16. For visual control of the stored and supplied heat energy and operating modes, the computing device 12 is additionally equipped with a display 22. In this case, the input of the converter 20 is connected to the outputs of the temperature sensors 6.9, flow meters 7.8, and the receiver 11 of the ultrasonic amplifier, the inputs of the microprocessor 18 are connected to the outputs of the converter 20 and the programmer 19 of the operating mode of the heat accumulator, the outputs of the microprocessor 18 are connected to the inputs of the display 22 and the pulse width modulator, the output of which is connected to the input of the source 16 of alternating voltage. The alternating voltage source 16 comprises a rectifier device 23 and a relay 24.

Computing device 12 is made on the basis of devices manufactured in Russia by OWEN.

A copper mesh is used as a mesh membrane, braided copper wire with various mesh sizes in several layers is used as a capillary-porous material, and paraffins are used as a heat storage material. The melting point of most of which, depending on the variety, lies in the range of 40 ... 65 ° C. The melting temperature in the region of 50 ... 54 ° C is typical for highly purified paraffins, combined with a high heat of phase transition (a little more than 200 kJ / kg), which is very suitable for a heat accumulator designed to provide hot water supply and water heating, the only problem is high price paraffin wax.

The energy balance for the heat storage system in the process of heat storage in general can be written:

where: Qin - energy supplied;

Qout - allocated energy;

Q is the accumulated thermal energy.

The amount of accumulated heat in the absence of phase transitions of heat-accumulating material (TAM) is equal to:

where: m is the mass of TAM, kg;

Ср - specific heat capacity of TAM, J / (kg · ° С);

t ₁ , t ₂ - TAM temperatures before and after the accumulation of thermal energy by the heat accumulator.

Thermal battery with controlled heat selection works as follows.

The regulation of the selection of thermal energy accumulated in the housing 1 of the heat accumulator and supplied to the consumer is carried out by a heat pipe 5 depending on a given flow rate (Fig. 1). Heat is supplied to the evaporation zone, which is located in the lower part of the cylindrical body of the heat pipe 5, through which the working fluid evaporates (distilled water 80%, methyl alcohol 15%, acetone 5%). The heat release is controlled by applying alternating voltage 16 from the source of electrical voltage to the mesh membranes 14, while the number of vapors passing through the capillary-porous material 15 is changed (FIG. 2). Control alternating voltage is generated in the source of alternating voltage 16 (figure 4).

The principle of operation of the controlled heat pipe is the effect of an electric field created by the system of mesh membranes 14 on the vapor phase of the working fluid in the zone of evaporation and condensation.

The mesh membrane 14 is a two electrode system in design.

The rectifier device 23 (Fig. 4) converts the energy of an AC voltage source of 220 V into a rectified voltage of 30 V. The rectified voltage is galvanically isolated from the supply network by means of a transformer to increase electrical safety. The electromagnetic relay 24 carries out the switching voltage supplied to the mesh membrane 14.

In the mode of selection of thermal energy, the relay coil 24 is de-energized (figure 3), the contacts 1P1 is in position c. A potential (+) is applied to the mesh membrane A (installed in the condensation zone). The contacts 1P2 of relay 24 are in position e. Potential (-) is applied to the mesh membrane B (installed in the evaporation zone). A potential (+) is applied to the auxiliary mesh membrane C (installed in the evaporation zone). The mesh membranes B and C form an electrode system to create an electric field. Negative charges will be induced into the vapor particles formed during the evaporation through the electric field of the B and C membranes on the surfaces. Under the influence of the electric field created by the membrane A and B, vapor particles having a negative potential will be drawn into the condensation zone under the influence of a positive potential and the heat flux will be transported.

In the mode of stopping the selection of energy, the coil of the relay 24 receives power (figure 4), the contacts 1P2 will be in position d. A negative potential (-) will be applied to the mesh membrane A. A repulsive action will be generated from the side of the membrane A to the generated vapor particles having an induced negative charge, which will lead to a narrowing of the heat flux transport channel. Figure 5 shows a timing diagram of the operation mode of a controlled heat pipe. The pulse width determines the density of the transported heat flux. The wider the pulse, the longer the heat flux is transported.

The control action for the AC voltage source 16 is formed by the computing device 12 (Fig.3), in the structure of which is included the programmer 19 of the operating mode of the heat accumulator. Based on the data obtained from temperature sensors 6, 9 and flow meters 7, 8 and the receiver UZU 11, the microprocessor 18 measures the stored and delivered heat energy to the consumer by the expression (2).

The microprocessor 18 displays information on the display 22 about the amount of stored and given thermal energy, and also archive the operating modes of the heat accumulator.

An ultrasound device consisting of an ultrasound source (generator) 9 and an ultrasound receiver 10 introduces into the microprocessor 18 of the computing device 12 an error in the specific heat values C _p TAM, since in the process of accumulation and release of thermal energy, the phase state of TAM changes.

The ultrasonic device contributes to the creation of a homogeneous structure during phase transformations of TAM, thereby increasing its contact area with the heat pipe.

The claimed heat accumulator with adjustable heat selection provides:

- regulation of the selection of thermal energy from the heat-accumulating material over a wide range through the use of an electric field created by the electrode system of the mesh membranes of the heat pipe and a source of alternating voltage;

- management of the transfer of thermal energy to consumers using a computing device with subsequent archiving of operating modes;

- the presence of visual control of the stored and supplied heat energy and the operating modes of the heat accumulator;

- correction by means of an ultrasonic device for measuring thermal energy depending on the phase state of TAM, and also helps to create a homogeneous structure of TAM to increase the contact area with the surface of the heat pipe.

Claims (5)

1. A heat accumulator with controlled heat removal, comprising a housing located between the heated medium pipeline and the heating medium pipeline and filled with heat storage material, at least two heat pipes are placed in the heat accumulator body, characterized in that the heat pipes are placed in pairs in the heat accumulator body, temperature sensors are also installed in the case, temperature sensors and flow meters are installed on the pipelines of the heated medium and the heating medium, but an ultrasonic device consisting of a source and a receiver, in addition, the heat accumulator is equipped with a computing device containing interconnected microprocessors, a heat accumulator operating mode programmer, a transducer and a pulse-width modulator, the inputs of the computing device are connected to the outputs of the temperature sensors, outputs flowmeters and the output of the receiver of the ultrasonic device, the heat pipe is made in the form of a cylindrical body, at the ends of which is installed mesh membranes embedded in dielectric inserts mounted on the walls of the casing are inserted, and the internal space of the casing of the heat pipe is filled with capillary-porous material, in addition, the heat accumulator is additionally equipped with a source of alternating voltage, which is connected by its input to the output of the pulse-width modulator of the computing device, and the outputs are connected to the mesh membranes of the heat pipe. 2. The thermal battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the computing device is additionally equipped with a display. 3. The thermal battery according to claim 1, characterized in that a copper mesh is used as the mesh membrane. 4. The thermal battery according to claim 1, characterized in that paraffin is used as the heat storage material. 5. The thermal battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the braided copper wire with different mesh sizes in several layers is used as the capillary-porous material.