RU113611U1 - DEVICE FOR MANIPULATING CHARGED PARTICLES - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for manipulating charged particles, containing a set of electrodes located to form a channel for moving charged particles, as well as a power supply that provides a supply voltage to the electrodes, causing the creation in the channel of an inhomogeneous high-frequency electric field, the pseudopotential of which has one or more local extrema along the length of the channel for moving charged particles, and at least one of the said extrema of the pseudopotential moves in time, at least along a part of the length of the channel for moving charged particles. ! 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein said pseudopotential has alternating maxima and minima along the length of the channel for moving charged particles. ! 3. The device according to claim 1, in which the extremum or extrema of the pseudopotential move in time according to a predetermined law, at least along part of the channel length. ! 4. The device according to claim 1, in which the direction of movement of the extremum or extrema of the pseudopotential changes sign for at least part of the channel length. ! 5. The device according to claim 1, in which the movement of the extremum or extrema of the pseudopotential, at least along part of the channel length, has an oscillating character. ! 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pseudopotential is uniform along the length of the channel at least over some length of the conveying channel. ! 7. The device according to claim 1, in which successive extrema, or only successive maxima, or only successive minima of the pseudopotential are monotonically increasing, at least over a part of the length.

Description

The device relates to the field of optics of charged particles and mass spectrometry, namely to radio-frequency systems for transporting and manipulating charged particles.

The ion sources used in mass spectrometry produce continuous or quasi-continuous beams of charged particles. Even when the ion source is operating in a pulsed mode, it may be necessary to accumulate charged particles over several cycles of operation in a special storage device. Therefore, in the case when the mass analyzers operate in a pulsed mode, special devices are used that ensure the splitting of a continuous beam of charged particles or the contents of the storage device into separate portions and their transportation to the input of the mass analyzer. Modern devices for transporting charged particles can also effectively solve the problems of cooling and spatial compression of packets of charged particles in order to reduce emittance (the size of the packet in phase space), and during the process of transportation, additional manipulations with charged particles (for example, fragmentation of charged particles, the formation of secondary charged particles, selective selection of charged particles subjected to detailed analysis, etc.).

Mass spectrometry uses several types of radio frequency devices to manipulate charged particles. The first group of devices close to the described invention is mass analyzers (as well as mass separators and mass filters). Their task is to select from the set of charged particles those particles that are characterized by a certain ratio of mass to charge. The main types of mass analyzers using radio frequency fields are quadrupole mass filters and ion traps.

Paul's radio frequency quadrupole mass filters and ion traps have been known since about the 1960s. Both types of mass analyzers are proposed in US Pat. No. 2,993,952. More recently, linear ion traps have been invented with radially ejected charged particles from the trap (US Pat. No. 4,20425) and ion ejection along the axis of the trap (US Pat. No. 6,177,768). A detailed description of the operating principles of these devices is given, for example, in REMarch, JFJTodd, Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, 2 ^nd edition, Wiley-Interscience, 2005; FJMajor, VNGheorghe, G.Werth, Charged Particle Traps, Springer, 2005; G.Werth. VNGheorghe, FJMajor, Charged Particle Traps II, Springer, 2009.

The work of quadrupole mass filters is based on the theory of stability of solutions of the Mathieu equation (see, for example, N.V. Mac-Lachlan, Theory of the application of Mathieu functions, Publishing House of Foreign Literature, M., 1953, pp. 71-127, M. Abramowitz and I. Stigan, Handbook of Special Functions, M., Nauka, 1979, p. 532-535 and p. 537-540). With correctly selected parameters of the intensity of the constant quadrupole electric field, the intensity of the radio-frequency quadrupole electric field and the frequency of the radio-frequency quadrupole electric field, only charged particles with a certain mass-to-charge ratio pass through the quadrupole radio-frequency mass filter. The remaining charged particles lose their motion stability and are thrown out of the mass filter channel.

The work of mass analyzers based on ion traps is also mainly based on the theory of the Mathieu equation. These mass analyzers use a quadratic or almost quadratic electric field, achieved through the use of ideal hyperbolic electrodes, and are filled with light gas at a fairly low gas pressure. In these devices, charged particles, after their speed is quenched as a result of numerous collisions with gas molecules, are sequentially ejected from the device by rocking a group of charged particles with the desired mass-to-charge ratio using the radio frequency electric field of the desired frequency. The picture described here is fairly approximate, since in practical mass spectrometry of ion traps, quite sophisticated methods for isolating, fragmenting, and selectively ejecting charged particles from the trap by exposing the particles to specially designed radio frequency fields have been developed and are used.

Another important group of radio frequency devices are transporting radio frequency devices. Their task is to hold a beam of charged particles of different masses in a limited area inside the device (for example, near the axis of the device) and transfer charged particles from one point in space (entrance) to another point in space (exit).

A wide class of such devices is based on a two-dimensional multipole field or an approximate two-dimensional multipole field elongated along the third coordinate. These devices are used, for example, to transfer ions from a gas-filled ion source, operating at sufficiently high gas pressures, to an ion analysis device, operating at a much lower gas pressure or simply in a vacuum. Since such linear multipole traps are not used directly for mass analysis, strict quadratic or strict multipole electric fields are not so necessary, and to simplify the technological manufacture of these devices, hyperbolic and multipole electrodes are usually replaced by cylindrical rods or even more roughened shapes electrodes.

When loading charged particles into a linear multipole trap, collisions of charged particles with gas molecules reduce their kinetic energy and force them to group near the axis of the device (US Pat. No. 4,963,736). This ensures the performance of such an important function as cooling and spatial compression of a beam of charged particles in order to reduce the emittance of the beam (that is, the size in the phase space of an ensemble of charged particles corresponding to the beam). The radio-frequency electric field provides radial localization of charged particles at the stage when the decrease in the kinetic energy of charged particles has not yet occurred, even at relatively high kinetic energies, and “compresses” the particles to the axis as they lose kinetic energy.

The described linear gas-filled multipole transporting devices are often used simultaneously and as cells for fragmentation of charged particles in tandem mass spectrometers (for example, see US Pat. No. 6,093,929). A constant electric field directed along the device’s axis, formed by additional electrodes, can be used to force the transport of charged particles along the transport channel (ion transport device in US Pat. No. 5,847,386; cell for ion fragmentation in US Pat. No. 6,111,150).

If the ends of a linear multipole transporting device are drowned out by barriers from electric fields, one more type of radio frequency devices used in mass spectrometry is obtained — a linear multipole ion trap, or a storage device for charged particles. Such traps are widely used for the accumulation of charged particles and the pulsed transfer of charged particles to the analyzer (US Pat. Nos. 5,179,278, WO 02078046, US 5763878, US 6020586, US 6507019, GB 2388248, etc.). Multipole traps are also often used to purposefully subject charged particles to ion-molecular reactions with neutral particles (US Pat. Nos. 6,140,638, US 6,011,259), with electrons (GB Pat. US 6627875), to provide additional fragmentation of charged particles due to exposure to charged particles, for example, by photons or other external physical factors.

For the same purpose as a multipole linear trap, a Paul radiofrequency trap or a linear radiofrequency trap can be used, when instead of sequentially resonantly ejecting the necessary groups of ions one after another, the entire contents of the trap are injected into the analyzer by an electric voltage pulse (patents WO 2006/129068, US 2008/0035841). Similarly, a multipole linear trap in which injection into the analyzer is made mass-selective can be used as a coarse mass filter that selects the desired groups of charged particles for further detailed analysis (US patent 2007/0158545).

Similar in function to the conveying devices having the aforementioned design are conveying devices and / or storage devices using electrodes in the form of a set of plates with holes to which high-frequency electrical voltages with phase shift between adjacent plates are applied (patents US 6812453, US 6894286, US 5818055) or between parts of one plate (patent GB 2010/001076). In this case, due to the symmetry of the electrodes, the emerging high-frequency field near the axis of the device is practically zero, while when approaching the boundaries of the transport channel, it sharply increases. Therefore, as in the case of linear multipole transporting devices, charged particles will be repelled from the electrode surfaces and held by a radio frequency field in a limited volume surrounding the axis of the device, and as kinetic energy decreases as a result of collision with gas molecules, charged particles will group together near the axis of the device.

In the absence of additional electric fields, it can be seen that in the vicinity of the axis of the device, the forces promoting the movement of charged particles along the axis of the conveying device are practically absent due to the symmetry of the electrodes and the high frequency of the electric field (US patents 5818055, US 6894286), and the movement of charged particles along the length The transport channel is not very efficient. Therefore, in patents US 5818055 and US 6894286, capture of charged particles by an electric potential wave moving along the axis of the device does not occur, particles with different masses and different initial conditions (coordinates and speeds) move along the transport channel with different effective speeds, and as a result, no splitting the beam of charged particles into separate spatially separated and synchronously moving packets of charged particles. (In terms of the claimed device, it can be said that when the voltages indicated in these patents are applied, there is no pseudopotential wave traveling along the charged particle transport channel and allowing charged particles to be captured in local zones of pseudopotential minima.) The application between the neighboring plates of a constant voltage difference, which helps to create along the axis of the constant electric field device, by analogy with the patents US 5847386 and US 6111250 solves the problem of transportation along the axis of the device CTBA, but the output of the charged particle device is still not a discrete and synchronized in time.

The most successful solution among those available should be recognized as a superposition of a high-frequency electric field that is nonuniform in radius and ensures the localization of charged particles in the vicinity of the device axis in the radial direction, and a quasistatic traveling wave of the electric field along the device axis, which splits the beam of charged particles of different masses into spatially separated packages and synchronous transportation of these packages along the axis of the device (see, for example, US 6812453, GB 2010/001076).

However, since positively charged particles are grouped in the vicinity of the minima of the traveling wave of the potential of the quasistatic electric field, and negatively charged particles are grouped in the vicinity of the maxima of the traveling wave of the potential of the quasistatic electric field, it is not possible to transport positively and negatively charged particles in a single packet of charged particles by this method.

The basis for the functioning of most radio frequency mass spectrometric devices is the property of a high-frequency electric field to “push” charged particles, regardless of the sign of the charge, from a region with a large amplitude of the electric field to a region with a smaller amplitude of the electric field. This property is a consequence of the inertia of the motion of charged particles with a nonzero mass occurring under the influence of a rapidly oscillating electric field.

Quantitatively, this effect is described using the theory of effective potential, or pseudopotential, first introduced by P.L. Kapitsa (see L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshits, Mechanics, ser. Theoretical Physics, M., Fizmatlit, 2004, p. .124-127; G.M. Zaslavsky and R.Z. Sagdeev, Introduction to nonlinear physics: from the pendulum to turbulence and chaos, M., Nauka, 1988, pp. 49-51 and pp. 52-54; MIYavor, Optics of Charged Particle Analyzers, Ser. Advances of Imaging and Electron Physics, Vol. 157, Elsevier, 2009, p. 142-144). Namely, if the frequency ω of the oscillations of the electric field occurring by law high enough (where is the amplitude of the electric field oscillations at the point in space (x, y, z), ω is the oscillation frequency, φ is the initial phase of the oscillation, t is time), and the displacement of a charged particle with mass m and charge q for one period of change in the electric field is small , then the motion of a charged particle can be represented in the form of an “averaged” or “slow” motion, to which a rapidly oscillating motion is added, which, however, has a small amplitude. In this case, the equation for the averaged motion looks as if the averaged motion occurs in an electric field with a potential where q , m and ω, characterizing an oscillating electric field and a charged particle, were determined earlier. Details and justification of the theory can be found in the links mentioned above.

Due to the fact that in the expression for the potential charge q and mass m, potential acts equally on positive and negative charged particles, and also its effect is dependent on the mass of the charged particle. In the case of the true electric potential U (x, y, z), positively charged particles are affected by a force directed against the gradient of the electric potential, and negatively charged particles are affected by a force directed along the gradient of the electric potential, and this force does not depend on the particle mass. From the expression for potential it follows that the charged particle is “ejected” from the region where the amplitude of the high-frequency field oscillation is high, to the region where the indicated amplitude of the high-frequency field oscillation will be less (that is, from the region where the potential matters more, the particle moves to the area where the potential less important). The repulsive effect of the high-frequency electric field is independent of the sign of the charged particle and moves both positive and negative charged particles in the same direction. For charged particles with a larger mass, the buoyant action of the high-frequency electric field affects with less force than for lighter charged particles. The repulsive effect of the high-frequency electric field can be adjusted by changing the oscillation frequency of the electric field.

Potential called the effective potential, or pseudopotential, and is a convenient mathematical tool for describing and analyzing the averaged motion of a charged particle (although in reality it, of course, does not correspond to any physical fields). We give without proof some of its properties. For electric field , which varies in time t according to the law of harmonic oscillations constant amplitude at the point (x, y, z), with a constant frequency ω and with a constant phase shift φ = const, the pseudopotential acting on a charged particle with a charge q and mass m, is calculated by the above formula . If the phase of the high-frequency field is not constant in the whole space, but changes from point to point according to a given law φ = φ (x, y, z), so that the law of variation of the high-frequency electric field from time t has a more complex form where is the harmonic amplitude cosωt at the point in space (x, y, z), is the harmonic amplitude sinωt at the point in space (x, y, z), and the quantities , ω and φ (x, y, z) were previously determined, then the pseudopotential corresponding to a given high-frequency electric field calculated by the formula , where q is the particle charge, and m is its mass. If the high-frequency field is a time-periodic function, so that the electric field at a point in space (x, y, z) at time t is represented using Fourier series in the form of an expression where is the harmonic amplitude coskωt of the electric field at a point in space (x, y, z), is the harmonic amplitude of the sinkωt of the electric field at the point in space (x, y, z), k is the harmonic number, ω is the base frequency of the high-frequency electric field, then the pseudopotential such a high-frequency electric field is calculated as the sum of the contributions of individual harmonics by the formula , where q is the particle charge, and m is its mass .. If, in addition to the high-frequency electric field there is a static electric field with potential U (x, y, z), a static potential U (x, y, z) and a pseudopotential are summarized. If there are several different high-frequency electric fields with substantially different frequencies, the individual pseudopotentials for these electric fields are summed, but if the frequencies of the high-frequency fields differ slightly, this rule does not apply. If, to simulate the quenching of the kinetic energy of a charged particle as a result of collisions with gas molecules, we introduce effective viscous friction acting on the charged particle with force where is the particle velocity at time t, is the gas velocity at the point (x, y, z), and γ is the coefficient of viscous friction, which does not depend on time, or on coordinates, or on the electric field, then the result of the “slow” motion of a charged particle will be as if all three factors (static potential, pseudopotential and viscous friction) act on a charged particle simultaneously and independently.

It should be emphasized that the description of the motion of a charged particle using a pseudopotential is only a mathematical approximation obtained under certain assumptions regarding the motion of a charged particle, and may not correspond to its true motion. So, to analyze the movement of charged particles in the above-mentioned radio-frequency quadrupole mass filters and radio-frequency ion traps, it is necessary to use a full-fledged analysis of the movement of a charged particle in a true electric field (i.e., the theory of the Mathieu equation) in order to obtain the correct structure of the motion stability zones. The approach based on the pseudopotential will not give the correct answer in this case, since under conditions when a charged particle moves at the boundary of the stability zone and there is a resonance between the “slow” oscillations of the charged particle and the high-frequency electric field, the charged particle is displaced in one period of a change in the high-frequency electric fields can not be considered small.

As the closest analogue of the claimed device, the authors selected a device for handling charged particles (US 6812453).

The device in question contains an electrode system, which is a sequence of coaxial plates with holes located to form an internal volume between the electrodes, oriented along the longitudinal axis of the device and designed to move ions in it. The device also contains a power supply device that provides an electric supply voltage to the electrodes, including an alternating high-frequency voltage component, the positive and negative phases of which are alternately applied to the electrodes, as well as a quasistatic voltage component, for which static or quasistatic voltages are applied to the electrodes sequentially and alternately, in particular, unipolar or bipolar pulses of constant voltage.

An electric field is formed in said device, the intensity of which described by the expression where - a quasistatic electric field that varies along the length of the channel for transporting charged particles, depending on the spatial coordinates (x, y, z) and time t, is the amplitude of a high-frequency electric field that is stationary in time and non-uniform at least in the radial direction, depending on the spatial coordinates (x, y, z) and not depending on time t, f (t) = cos (ωt + φ) is a rapidly oscillating function time t, which in this case describes strictly harmonic oscillations with a frequency ω and an initial phase φ. Quasistatic function and the oscillation speed of the function f (t) are understood in the sense that during the time when the function f (t) manages to make several oscillations, the function practically will not change. Mathematically, this condition is written as inequality which must be completed in order for the device to function properly. Thus, a change in the electric field in time has two time scales: “fast time”, during which the value of the function changes noticeably , and “slow time”, during which the value of the function changes noticeably .

Figure 1 shows the circular diaphragm used as a single electrode for the device of the patent US 6812453, and figure 2 shows the location of the set of circular diaphragms relative to the channel for moving charged particles according to the patent US 6812453. Figure 3 shows the distribution of the axial component of the electric fields for US 6812453 along the transportation channel for several closely spaced instants of time t, t + δt, t + 2δt, t + 3δt, ... (that is, on a “fast” time scale). Figure 4 shows how the envelope of the axial component of the electric field for U.S. Pat. No. 6,812,453 changes along the channel for some rather distant moments of time t and t + Δt (that is, on a "slow" time scale). The radial component of the electric field on the axis of the device for patent US 6812453 is equal to zero due to the symmetry of the configuration of the electrodes. Figure 5 shows a two-dimensional distribution along the length of the transport channel and in the radial direction of the transport channel of the pseudopotential , which corresponds to a high-frequency electric field for US patent 6812453. FIG. 6 shows a possible two-dimensional distribution (at some point in time) of the potential U _a (x, y, z, t) of a quasistatic electric field for patent US 6812453. In Fig.7 shows a possible distribution of the potential U _a (x, y, z, t) of a quasistatic electric field for patent US 6812453 along the length of the transportation channel. Fig. 8 shows the possible total electric voltages that can be applied to the first, second, third, fourth electrodes in each of the periodically repeated fours of electrodes, respectively, according to the patent US 6812453. (In these examples, the simplest possible case of a traveling wave of a quasistatic potential U _a ( x, y, z, t) formed along the channel for moving charged particles according to US Pat. No. 6,812,453 - namely, the case of a wave with a purely sinusoidal shape.)

According to the patent US 6812453 as a result of the action of the radio frequency field and the formation of a pseudopotential along the radius of the barrier when moving away from the axis of the device , the charged particles are "pressed" to the axis of the device and after attenuation of kinetic energy to an equilibrium value, they are concentrated in the vicinity of the axis of the device. Due to the fact that along the device axis there is a distribution of a quasistatic electric potential with alternating maxima and minima, positively charged particles do not just concentrate in the vicinity of the device axis, but are collected in local minima of the quasistatic electric potential, as soon as their kinetic energy is less than the local maxima of the quasistatic electric potential. Accordingly, negatively charged particles after cooling as a result of collisions with gas molecules gather local maxima of the quasistatic electric potential (positively charged particles act against the gradient of the electric potential, negatively charged particles act against the gradient of the electric potential).

The fact that the radial electric field of the quasistatic potential repels the charged particles from the axis of the device does not of particular importance, since the repulsive effect of the radio frequency field, which returns the charged particles back to the axis of the device, outweighs. When a wave of quasistatic potential U _a (x, y, z, t) moves slowly along the axis of the device, it captures charged particles concentrated near the axis of the device in the vicinity of local maxima and minima of the quasistatic potential, forcing particles with different masses and different kinetic energies move synchronously. This process is shown schematically in FIG. 9.

Numerical modeling of the true motion of charged particles in the described electric fields confirms this qualitative picture of motion. For output devices operating in pulsed mode, this method of dividing a continuous stream of charged particles into discrete portions seems to be the most successful. With the correct setting of the time intervals between the receipt of individual discrete portions of charged particles at the output of the transporting device and, accordingly, at the input of the device following it (which, as a rule, is a mass analyzer operating in a pulsed mode), and the time of subsequent analysis of the received portions charged particles, this method allows you to analyze all charged particles coming from a continuous beam into the analyzer with virtually no loss.

The device under consideration does not provide the ability to combine positively and negatively charged particles in a single transportable package.

The objective of the claimed utility model is to provide the possibility of combining in a single transportable package of positively and negatively charged particles.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that the device for manipulating charged particles contains a set of electrodes located to form a channel for moving charged particles, as well as a means of power supply, which provides a voltage supply to the electrodes, causing a non-uniform high-frequency electric field in the channel, whose pseudopotential has one or more local extrema along the length of the channel for moving charged particles at least by some A second time interval, at least one of the indicated extremes of the pseudopotential moves in time, at least at some time interval, at least in part of the channel length for moving charged particles.

New in the claimed utility model in comparison with the closest analogue is that the pseudopotential created in the channel of a high-frequency electric field has one or more local extrema along the length of the channel for moving charged particles, at least for some time interval, and at least one of these extremes of the pseudopotential moves in time, at least at some time interval, at least in part of the channel length for moving charged particles.

In the particular case of the utility model, the pseudopotential has alternating highs and lows along at least part of the channel length for moving charged particles.

In the particular case of the utility model, the extremum or extrema of the pseudopotential move in time according to a given law, at least in part of the channel length, at least in a certain time interval.

In the particular case of the utility model, the direction of movement of the extremum or extrema of the pseudopotential, at least for a part of the channel length, changes sign at some moment or some time points.

In the particular case of the utility model, the movement of the extremum or extrema of the pseudopotential, at least in part of the channel length, at least in a certain time interval, has an oscillating character.

In the particular case of the utility model, the pseudopotential, at least at some time interval, at least at some length of the transportation channel, is uniform along the length of the channel.

In the particular case of the utility model, consecutive extrema, or only consecutive maxima, or only consecutive minimums of the pseudopotential, are monotonically increasing, at least in part of the channel length, at least in some time interval.

In the particular case of the utility model, consecutive extrema, or only consecutive maxima, or only consecutive pseudopotential minima, are monotonically decreasing, at least in part of the channel length, at least in some time interval.

In the particular case of the utility model, the value of the pseudopotential at one or more points of the local maximum of the pseudopotential along the channel length varies, at least in a certain time interval.

In the particular case of the utility model, the value of the pseudopotential at one or more points of the local minimum of the pseudopotential along the channel length changes at least in some time interval.

In the particular case of the utility model, additional constant and / or quasistatic and / or alternating and / or pulsed and / or high-frequency voltages are applied to the electrodes to control the radial confinement of charged particles in the vicinity of the charged particle transport channel.

In the particular case of performing the utility model, additional constant and / or quasistatic and / or alternating and / or pulsed and / or high-frequency voltages, which unlock and / or block the exit of charged particles through the ends of the channel for transporting charged particles, are applied to the electrodes.

In the particular case of the utility model, additional constant and / or quasistatic and / or alternating and / or pulsed and / or high-frequency voltages are applied to the electrodes to control the spatial isolation of the packets of charged particles from each other along the length of the channel for transporting charged particles.

In the particular case of the utility model, additional constant and / or quasistatic and / or alternating and / or pulsed and / or high-frequency voltages are applied to the electrodes, providing control of the time synchronization of the transport of packets of charged particles.

In the particular case of the utility model, additional constant and / or quasistatic and / or alternating and / or pulsed and / or high-frequency voltages are applied to the electrodes, providing additional control over the transport of charged particles.

In the particular case of the utility model, additional constant and / or quasistatic and / or alternating and / or pulsed and / or high-frequency voltages are applied to the electrodes to control the movement of charged particles inside the local capture zones of charged particles.

In the particular case of the utility model, additional constant and / or quasistatic and / or alternating and / or pulsed and / or high-frequency voltages are applied to the electrodes to provide additional potential or pseudopotential barriers and / or potential or pseudopotential wells along the channel transporting charged particles at least at one point of the channel path, at least at some time interval.

In the particular case of the utility model, the mentioned potential or pseudopotential barriers, and / or potential or pseudopotential barriers change in time or move in time along the transport channel, at least at some time interval.

In the particular case of the utility model, additional constant and / or quasistatic and / or alternating and / or pulsed and / or high-frequency voltages are applied to the electrodes, providing for the creation of additional stability zones and / or additional instability zones along the charged particle transport channel, at least at one point on the channel path, at least at some time interval.

In the particular case of the utility model, the mentioned stability zones and / or instability zones change in time or move in time along the transportation channel, at least at some time interval.

In the particular case of the utility model, additional constant and / or quasi-static and / or alternating and / or pulsed and / or high-frequency voltages are applied to the electrodes, providing selective selection of charged particles.

In the particular case of the utility model, additional constant and / or quasistatic and / or alternating and / or pulsed and / or high-frequency voltages are applied to the electrodes, which provide control over the significant dependence of the motion of charged particles on the mass of charged particles.

In the particular case of the utility model, a supply voltage is applied to the electrodes, the frequency of which changes at least over a certain time interval.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles has a rectilinear orientation.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles has a curvilinear orientation.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles has a variable profile along the channel length.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles is closed in a loop or ring.

In the particular case of the utility model in the central part of the channel for moving charged particles is an additional electrode or electrodes.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles is divided into segments.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles consists of several channels connected to each other, possibly separated by additional regions or devices.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles is formed by several parallel channels for moving charged particles, at least in some part of the channel.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles is split into several parallel channels in a certain section.

In the particular case of the implementation of the utility model of several parallel channels for moving charged particles are connected at some point in a single channel for moving charged particles.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles contains a region that performs the function of the cumulative volume for charged particles located at the channel inlet and / or outlet from the channel and / or inside the channel.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles is muffled from at least one of the ends, at least for a certain time interval.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles has a plug controlled by an electric field, at least from one of the ends.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles comprises an electric field-controlled mirror placed in the channel for moving charged particles from at least one of the ends.

In the particular case of performing a utility model, the device comprises a device for inputting charged particles located in a channel for moving charged particles, operating in a continuous mode.

In the particular case of performing a utility model, the device comprises a device for inputting charged particles located in a channel for moving charged particles, operating in a pulsed mode.

In the particular case of performing a utility model, the device comprises a device for inputting charged particles located in a channel for moving charged particles, capable of switching between a continuous mode of operation and a pulsed mode of operation.

In the particular case of the implementation of the utility model, the device comprises a device for outputting charged particles located in the channel for moving charged particles, operating in a continuous mode.

In the particular case of performing a utility model, the device comprises a device for outputting charged particles located in the channel for moving charged particles, operating in a pulsed mode.

In the particular case of performing a utility model, the device comprises a device for outputting charged particles located in a channel for moving charged particles, capable of switching between a continuous mode of operation and a pulsed mode of operation.

In the particular case of executing a utility model, the device comprises a device for generating charged particles located in a channel for moving charged particles, operating in a continuous mode.

In the particular case of performing a utility model, the device comprises a device for generating charged particles located in the channel for moving charged particles, operating in a pulsed mode.

In the particular case of executing a utility model, the device comprises a device for generating charged particles located in a channel for moving charged particles, capable of switching between a continuous mode of operation and a pulsed mode of operation.

In the particular case of the utility model, high-frequency harmonic voltages, and / or periodic non-harmonic high-frequency voltages, and / or high-frequency voltages containing two or more frequencies in their frequency spectrum, and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum are used as a supply voltage an infinite set of frequencies, and / or high-frequency pulse voltages to which amplitude modulation is applied, or a superposition of such voltages.

In the particular case of the utility model, high-frequency harmonic voltages, and / or periodic non-harmonic high-frequency voltages, and / or high-frequency voltages containing two or more frequencies in their frequency spectrum, and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum are used as a supply voltage an infinite set of frequencies, and / or high-frequency pulse voltages to which frequency modulation is applied, or a superposition of such voltages.

In the particular case of the implementation of the utility model of the invention, high-frequency harmonic voltages and / or periodic non-harmonic high-frequency voltages and / or high-frequency voltages containing two or more frequencies and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency frequency are used as a supply voltage The spectrum has an infinite set of frequencies, and / or high-frequency impulse voltages to which phase modulation is applied, or a superposition of such voltages.

In the particular case of the utility model, high-frequency harmonic voltages and / or periodic non-harmonic high-frequency voltages and / or high-frequency voltages containing two or more frequencies in their frequency spectrum and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum are used as a supply voltage an infinite set of frequencies, and / or high-frequency pulse voltages, which are characterized by two or more close base frequencies, or a superposition of such voltages.

In the particular case of the utility model, high-frequency harmonic voltages and / or periodic non-harmonic high-frequency voltages and / or high-frequency voltages containing two or more frequencies and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum are used as a supply voltage an endless set of frequencies, and / or high-frequency impulse voltages, which are turned into time-synchronized trains of high-frequency voltages, or a superposition of the same stress.

In the particular case of the utility model, high-frequency voltages synthesized digitally are used as the supply voltage.

In the particular case of the utility model, the set of electrodes is periodically repeated electrodes.

In the particular case of the utility model, the set of electrodes is periodically repeated cascades of electrodes, while the configuration of the electrodes in a separate cascade is not necessarily periodic.

In the particular case of the utility model, some or all of the electrodes can be solid, while the remaining electrodes or part of the remaining electrodes break up into a periodic sequence of elements.

In the particular case of the utility model, some high-frequency voltages may not be applied to some electrodes.

In the particular case of performing a utility model in a set of electrodes, some or all of the electrodes have a multipole profile.

In the particular case of performing a utility model in a set of electrodes, some or all of the electrodes have a roughened multipole profile formed by flat, steps, piecewise-stepped, linear, piecewise-linear, circular, rounded, piecewise-rounded, curved, piecewise curved profiles, or a combination of these profiles.

In the particular case of performing a utility model in a set of electrodes, some or all of the electrodes are thin metal films deposited on a non-conductive substrate.

In the particular case of performing a utility model in a set of electrodes, some or all of the electrodes are wire and / or grid and / or have cuts and / or other additional holes that make them transparent to the gas flow or reduce the resistance provided by the electrodes to the gas flow.

In the particular case of performing a utility model, a vacuum is created in the channel for moving charged particles.

In the particular case of the utility model, the channel for moving charged particles is filled with a neutral and / or (partially) ionized gas.

In the particular case of the utility model in the channel for the movement of charged particles, a stream of neutral and / or (partially) ionized gas is created.

In the particular case of the utility model, some or all of the electrodes have slots and / or holes designed to enter charged particles into the device and / or output from the device.

In the particular case of the utility model, the gap between the electrodes is used to enter charged particles into the device and / or output from the device.

In the particular case of performing a utility model, at least part of the electrodes, at least at some time interval, additional impulse or step voltages are applied, causing the input to the device and / or output from the device and / or locking inside the device of charged particles.

In contrast to the closest analogue described above, in the inventive device, the behavior of a rapidly oscillating electric field inhomogeneous in the space of the channel for moving charged particles obeys other laws. This allows not only to split the existing ensemble of charged particles into spatially separated packets of charged particles and synchronously move them along the transport channel, regardless of mass and kinetic energy, but also to additionally combine both positively charged and negatively charged particles in a single package.

Consider the behavior of the high-frequency electric field used in the inventive device, using a specific example. Take the electric field, the tension which is described by the expression where is the quasistatic amplitude of the electric field oscillation, which varies along the length and along the radius of the channel for transporting charged particles, which depends on the spatial coordinates (x, y, z) and time t, and f (t) is a rapidly oscillating function of time with a zero mean value, in in the particular case, which has the form of harmonic oscillations f (t) = cos (ωt + φ), where ω is the frequency of harmonic oscillations, and φ is the initial phase of harmonic oscillations. Quasistatic function and the oscillation speed of the function f (t) are understood in the sense that during the time when the function f (t) manages to make several oscillations, the function practically will not change. Mathematically, this condition can be written as inequality , and in the total time derivative t of the electric field member contribution Outweighs Member Contribution .

Change in indicated electric field in time t has two time scales: “fast time”, for which the value of the function f (t) changes noticeably, and “slow time”, for which the value of the function changes noticeably . In a first approximation, the “slow” or “averaged” motion of a charged particle in such a field is described by a slowly varying pseudopotential over time , where the term "slow" means that the characteristic time of a noticeable change in the pseudopotential much more than the characteristic time required for a single oscillation of a high-frequency electric field according to the law f (t).

For the case when the law of variation of the electric field in time has the form where Is a “slow” function of time, and cos (ωt + φ) is a “fast” function of time describing harmonic oscillations with a frequency ω and an initial phase φ, a slowly varying pseudopotential acting on a charged particle with a charge q and mass m is expressed in terms of the quasistatic amplitude oscillations of the electric field as . In a more general case, when the law of variation of the electric field in time is periodic, but not harmonic, and the electric field at a point in space (x, y, z) as a function of time t is represented in canonical form in the form of a Fourier series where is the “slow” amplitude of the “fast” harmonic cos (kωt) of the electric field is the “slow” amplitude of the “fast” harmonic sin (kωt) of the electric field , k is the harmonic number, ω = 2π / T is the basic circular frequency of the time-periodic function having a period T, then the pseudopotential slowly varying in time calculated as , where q is the particle charge and m is the particle mass. In the most general case, if the electric field strength at a point in space (x, y, z) at time t admits a representation in the form where and are the “slow” functions of time t, a cos (ω _k t) and sin (ω _k t) are “fast” harmonic oscillations with frequencies ω _k that are far enough apart from each other, then the pseudopotential slowly varying in time is calculated as , where q is the particle charge and m is the particle mass.

(To separate functions from time to “slow” and “fast”, the upper boundary of the “slow” frequencies δ and the lower boundary of the “fast” frequencies Δ are introduced, and Δ >> δ. The function h (t} is called "slow" if its spectrum vanishes (or is negligible) outside the frequency range ω∈ (-δ, + δ). A function H (t) is called “fast” if its spectrum is zero (or negligible) in the frequency interval ω∈ (-Δ, + Δ). The indicated restrictions on the spectrum of functions entail fair “average” inequalities and . The condition that the frequency ω _k is “fast” will be equivalent to the inequality | ω _k | ≥Δ. The condition that the frequencies ω _m and ω _n are far enough apart from each other will be equivalent to the inequality | ω _m -ω _n | ≥Δ. So that the electric field can be represented as , it is sufficient that the voltages applied to the electrodes change as , where p _k (t) and q _k (t) are “slow” functions, and ω _k are “fast” and “far-spaced” frequencies. Moreover, in order for the signal f (t) to be represented in such a canonical form, it is required that, after the Fourier transform, the signal spectrum decays into sufficiently far apart and sufficiently short intervals outside which the spectral function F (ω) can be considered equal zero (see figure 10). Technically, such signals can be generated, for example, by amplitude modulation and / or phase modulation and / or frequency modulation of high-frequency signals, and / or as a result of superposition of several high-frequency voltages with several close frequencies, and / or as trains of high-frequency voltages of a given forms synchronized in time. A detailed account of the theory of slowly varying pseudopotentials is beyond the scope of this description.)

Consider a special case of the claimed device, when the radial component of the electric field on the OZ axis is identically equal to zero, and the axial component E _z (z, t) of the electric field changes in time t according to the law E _z (z, t) = E ₀ cos (z / Lt / T) · cos (ωt), where E ₀ is the amplitude of alternating maxima and minima of the axial distribution of the electric field, z is the spatial coordinate along the device axis, L is the characteristic spatial scale along the device axis, T is the characteristic time scale of “slow” time , ω is the “fast” frequency of harmonic oscillations lation of the electric field. The condition for the quasistatic amplitude of the electric field oscillations is reduced to the condition ωT >> 1. 11 shows the distribution of the axial component of the electric field along the transport channel for several closely spaced instants of time t, t + δt, t + 2δt, t + 3δt, ... (that is, on a “fast” time scale). Fig. 12 shows how the envelope of the axial component of the electric field strength along the channel changes for some rather distant moments of time t and, t + Δt (that is, on a "slow" time scale). Such a law of variation of the axial component of the electric field in time is fundamentally different from the graphs shown in figure 3 and figure 4.

A two-dimensional graph of the pseudopotential of this high-frequency electric field is shown in Fig. 13. Pseudopotential Behavior along the OZ axis is described by the formula where E ₀ is the amplitude of the high-frequency field; m is the mass of the ion; ω is the frequency of the high-frequency field; L and T are characteristic length and time, respectively; i.e represents a sine wave moving slowly along the OZ axis (see Fig. 14). Just as this happens in the high-frequency electric field of the prototype, the pseudopotential of which is shown in Fig. 5, the charged particles are repelled by the high-frequency electric field with the pseudopotential shown in Fig. 13, from the electrodes and are concentrated near the axis of the device. However, just as the charged particles are repelled by the pseudopotential barrier from the electrodes and concentrated near the axis, the maxima of the pseudopotential repel the charged particles and cause them to concentrate in the vicinity of those points of the axis where the rapidly changing electric field is characterized by the pseudopotential minima. In contrast to the case of a quasistatic electric potential, charged particles with charges of both signs are equally concentrated near the minima of the pseudopotential. When the pseudopotential minimum moves along the OZ axis “slowly”, the charged particles are forced to move synchronously with the pseudopotential minima. This process is illustrated in FIG.

A significant difference between the electric fields used by the prototype and the electric fields used in the inventive device is in qualitatively different laws of changes in electric fields over time, which is clearly illustrated in Figures 3-4 and 11-12, and quantitatively described by the difference in behavior pseudopotentials of the corresponding high-frequency fields, as shown in Fig.5 and Fig.13-14.

Numerical simulation of the motion of charged particles in the indicated high-frequency electric field in the presence of a neutral gas confirms the qualitative picture of motion presented here. On Fig-18 shows the solutions of the corresponding differential equations for a set of charged particles uniformly distributed at the initial time in a certain segment of the transportation channel with a certain offset in the radial direction relative to the axis. On Fig shows the dependence of the coordinate z (t) (which corresponds to the axis of the device) on time t. On Fig shows the dependence z (t) -νt, where ν is the speed of movement of the minima of the pseudopotential along the transport channel, which is a characteristic of a high-frequency electric field. On Fig shows the dependence of the coordinate r (t) (which corresponds to the radial direction) from time t. It is clearly seen that the set of charged particles is divided into spatially separated packets, which are then synchronously transported at a constant speed ν along the transport channel in accordance with the movement of the minima of the pseudopotential of a rapidly oscillating electric field.

This picture occurs both during the transportation of charged particles in vacuum and during transportation of charged particles in a rarefied gas, when the scattering of charged particles in collisions with neutral gas molecules is simulated by the Monte Carlo method. The difference is that in the presence of a damping gas, those charged particles that did not initially fall into the stability region in the vicinity of the pseudopotential minimum jump to one of the previous stability regions, are captured by it, and continue to move synchronously along the transport channel with the corresponding constant displacement of the packet of charged particles along the transportation channel (this process is clearly visible in Fig.17). In the absence of the damping effect of the gas, particles that are in the region of instability sequentially jump backward along the transport channel from one region of instability to another, simultaneously swaying in the radial direction - until, in the end, they leave the device or collide with the electrodes.

The above example illustrates the general principle on which the operation of the claimed device is based. If the high-frequency field of a device is characterized by a time-varying pseudopotential, for which along the transport channel of charged particles there is a minimum moving in time along the transport channel, then charged particles are grouped as a result of the indicated high-frequency field in the vicinity of the minimum of the pseudopotential, and when the minimum moves along the transport channel time-synchronized movement of the resulting packet of charged particles is carried out (Fig.19) . In the same way, the presence of a moving maximum of the pseudopotential along the transport channel pushes charged particles out of the transport channel ahead of the maximum (Fig. 20). If the pseudopotential has alternating maxima and minima along the transport channel, as in the above example, the set of charged particles falling into the transport channel is divided into spatially separated packets of charged particles that are synchronously moved from input to output (Fig. 21 )

Due to the specifics of the pseudopotential, these packets of charged particles combine both positively charged and negatively charged particles with different masses and kinetic energies (kinetic energy should not be so large that charged particles can overcome pseudopotential barriers that limit spatially separated packets of charged particles).

Thus, the technical result achieved by the implementation of the claimed utility model is the possibility of combining positively and negatively charged particles in a single transportable package.

Moreover, the inventive device, as will be shown below, provides ample opportunities for manipulating charged particles.

In the inventive device, the presence of a buffer gas in the channel for transporting charged particles to quench their kinetic energy is not absolutely necessary, and the process of moving charged particles can be carried out in vacuum if the pseudopotential barriers are high enough.

The electric fields used in the inventive device and its prototype in US Pat. If, in US Pat. voltage and the electric field created by them in the inventive device will fundamentally differ from those used in the prototype from the patent US 6812453 ak in shape, and on the effects exerted by them on the charged particles. The same is true for the total electric field, which is the sum of the controlling electric field and the holding electric field.

Generally speaking, the presence of additional confining fields in the inventive device is not necessary, since this function can be successfully performed by the same electric fields that ensure the transport of charged particles. In the case of the presence of confining electric fields in the inventive device (see below), they, for the most part, have the same form as for the closest analogue. However, while for the closest analogue the presence of holding high-frequency electric fields is an integral component of the invention, for the inventive device, the presence of separate holding high-frequency fields is not necessary if the pseudopotential barriers formed by the controlling high-frequency field are high enough.

To identify that a particular high-frequency electric field belongs to the claimed class of high-frequency electric fields, it is necessary to determine a method for calculating the value of a slowly changing pseudopotential from a given high-frequency electric field. By definition, pseudopotential - this is such a scalar function, calculated according to certain rules through the high-frequency field available in the system, that the average motion of a charged particle in a given high-frequency electric field is described by the equations of motion of a charged particle in a pseudoelectric field up to correction terms of small order. When the voltages U _n (t) = U _n0 · f _n (t) applied to the electrodes change in time as where p _nk (t) and q _nk (t) are “slow” functions, and ω _k are “fast” and “far-spaced” frequencies, a high-frequency electric field at a point in space (x, y, z) at time t can be represented as where are the functions and are the “slow” functions of time, and cos (ω _k t) and sin (ω _k t) are “fast” functions that oscillate according to the harmonic law, whose frequencies ω _k are far apart from each other. In this case, the slowly varying in time pseudopotential , which describes the average motion of a charged particle, is calculated in accordance with the formula where q is the particle charge and m is the particle mass. In order for the signals indicated by f _n (t) to be represented in the required canonical form, it is necessary that after the Fourier transform the signal spectrum decays into sufficiently far spaced apart and sufficiently short intervals outside which the spectral function can be considered equal to zero (see figure 10). This mathematical expression for a pseudopotential is derived from its physical meaning, where the physical meaning is decisive. For the case of impulse functions, the formula for calculating the pseudopotential is constructed in a similar way with the replacement of continuum harmonics by discrete harmonics. The generalization of the classical theory of pseudopotential to the class of slowly varying pseudopotentials is new and has not been used before.

Dividing charged particles into locally spatially separated packets and transporting them from the input of the device to the output of the device is far from the only way to control the behavior of charged particles using these high-frequency electric fields.

So, if instead of the axial high-frequency electric field, changing according to the law E _z (z, t) = E ₀ cos (z / Lt / T) · cos (ωt), where E ₀ is the amplitude of the high-frequency field; ω is the frequency of the high-frequency field; L and T are characteristic length and time, respectively; we synthesize a high-frequency electric field whose axial component varies according to the law E _z (z, t) = E ₀ cos [z / Lg (t)) cos (ωt), where g (t) is a given quasistatic function of time, slowly changing in time in comparison with the function ωt, then instead of uniform transportation we will ensure that the centers of the packets of charged particles move according to the law z _k (t) = L · g (t) -πL (k + 1/2) along the transport channel instead of uniform movement . Thus, in particular, we will get the opportunity to transfer charged particles to the input of the subsequent device at predetermined times, synchronized in time with the pulse mode of operation of the output device, if necessary.

If instead of the z / L function we use any other h (z) function in this formula, we get the opportunity to control the position of the centers of the packets of charged particles during transport and, for example, to deliberately thicken and / or cut them along the transport channel in certain areas to certain moments of time.

The function g (t) indicated earlier does not have to be a monotonic function of time. If it has an oscillating character, then the movement of packets of charged particles along the transport channel will have an oscillating character. In particular, this can be used to organize the cyclic movement of packets of charged particles from input to output and vice versa, thereby creating a trap for charged particles or a storage volume for targeted manipulation of charged particles.

Purposeful construction of such high-frequency electric fields in which the values of the pseudopotential at the minimum and maximum points satisfy certain additional requirements provides additional opportunities for manipulating charged particles on the basis of this general principle. Consider, for example, a device in which the law of variation of the axial component E _z (z, t) of a high-frequency electric field as a function of time t is given by E _z (z, t) = E ₀ (π / 2 + arctan (z / H) ) · Cos (z / Lt / T) · cos (ωt), where E ₀ is the characteristic scale of the amplitude variation of the axial distribution of the electric field, z is the spatial coordinate along the axis of the channel for moving charged particles, H is the characteristic spatial scale of the “attenuation” of the pseudopotential oscillation , L is the characteristic spatial scale of a single oscillation of the pseudopotential, T is the characteristic slow "time offset scale pseudopotential oscillations along the axis of the device, ω -« fast "high-frequency harmonic oscillation of the electric field, and H and ωT >> L >> 1, as shown in Figure 22. Then, at −∞ <z <-2H, the amplitude of the high-frequency electric field will be practically zero, and the extremely small local maxima and minima of its pseudopotential shown in Fig. 23 will not affect the movement of charged particles along the OZ axis in this section of the channel length for movement of charged particles. Thus, at −∞ <z <-2H, we will have a region of accumulation of charged particles instead of a region of transport of charged particles. However, as we approach the point z = 0, we can observe monotonically increasing maxima of the pseudopotential, forming a growing wave moving towards z = + ∞ and moving along the axis. This structure ensures the "pumping" of charged particles from the storage device and their sequential movement to the output of the device in the form of a set of spatially separated and time-synchronized packets of charged particles.

Adding to the described structure of the pseudopotential a high-frequency field obeying the law E _z (z, t) = 0.45E ₀ (π / 2-arсtan (z / H)) · sin (ωt), where E ₀ is the characteristic scale of change the amplitudes of the axial distribution of the electric field, z is the spatial coordinate along the channel axis of the movement of charged particles, H is the characteristic spatial scale of the “attenuation” of the pseudopotential oscillations, ω is the “fast” frequency of high-frequency harmonic oscillations of the electric field; we obtain a segment with monotonically decreasing maxima and minima, as in Fig. 24, thereby increasing the capture and pumping efficiency of both positively and negatively charged particles. In this scheme, a not very pleasant payment for increasing the efficiency of pumping out charged particles is that in the storage region there is a substantially nonzero high-frequency field that constantly “sways” charged particles and increases their average kinetic energy.

A similar addition to the pseudopotential can be organized using a constant electric field with the potential U (z) = U ₀ (π / 2-arctan (z / H)) ² , where is the scale of the jump in the electrostatic potential, H is the characteristic spatial scale of the “attenuation” of the oscillation of the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field, E ₀ is the characteristic scale of the change in the amplitude of the axial distribution of the electric field, q is the particle charge, m is the particle mass. However, in this case, only one sign is contracted into the capture region of charged particles (Fig. 25 shows the total attractive potential function acting on positively charged particles, and Fig. 26 shows the total repulsive potential function acting on negatively charged particles). On Fig and Fig shows a similar effect achieved by applying a constant electric field. In Fig.29 shows the structure of the electrodes, which can provide a high-frequency field that mates the storage region with regular pumping from its edge of discrete packets of charged particles.

A dynamic decrease in the pseudopotential amplitude at a point in time during the transport of charged particles at the pseudopotential maximum point separating two adjacent pseudopotential minimums provides new additional possibilities for the targeted manipulation of charged particles. With this operation, it becomes possible to combine the contents of two adjacent packets of charged particles into one packet of charged particles. Moreover, depending on the level to which the maximum of the pseudopotential decreases, it is possible to completely combine the neighboring packets of charged particles, as well as a partial transition of charged particles from one packet to another. In particular, taking into account the fact that the same distribution of the high-frequency field generates different pseudopotentials with different barrier heights for different masses, it is possible to make the exchange of charged particles between neighboring packets mass-selective.

Instead of changing the value of the pseudopotential at the maximum point or in parallel with changing the value of the pseudopotential at the maximum point, you can purposefully change the value of the pseudopotential at the minimum point. If the value of the chosen minimum of the pseudopotential is increased above a certain threshold, individual packets of charged particles can be selectively destroyed. According to the same scheme, one can “transfer” the contents of a packet of charged particles into an adjacent packet of charged particles by synchronously lowering the maximum of the pseudopotential located between the two minima of the pseudopotential and increasing one of the two minima of the pseudopotential, and then restore the used capture region of charged particles in the previous state, but already without charged particles inside it. Due to the fact that the value of the pseudopotential depends on the mass of the charged particle and is different for different particles, this process can be made mass-selective.

For reliable radial confinement of charged particles in the vicinity of the transport channel of the base high-frequency electric field, characterized by a slowly changing pseudopotential with an extremum or extrema moving along the transport channel, it may not be enough. To ensure reliable radial confinement of charged particles, an additional high-frequency or pulsed electric field can be used, the pseudopotential of which does not have an extremum or extrema moving along the transport channel, but which forms a radio-frequency barrier for charged particles when they are removed from the device axis when approaching the electrodes. If it is necessary to temporarily or permanently block the exit of charged particles through the end or ends of the channel for transporting charged particles, these high-frequency electric fields and the radio frequency barriers created by them can be localized on the axis of the transport channel near the corresponding end or ends of the transport channel.

Instead of high-frequency electric fields, static or quasistatic electric fields can be used for the same purpose. Thus, the radial confinement of the beam can be ensured by a system of periodic electrostatic lenses, and the blocking of the exit of charged particles through the end or ends of the conveying device can be provided with an additional potential barrier provided by the application of a direct voltage transmission channel to the end electrodes.

Both additional high-frequency or pulsed electric fields, and additional static or quasistatic fields can be used in the device for manipulating charged particles for other purposes than improving the radial confinement of charged particles and / or blocking the exit of charged particles through the ends of the transport channel. These include: a) improving the spatial isolation of individual packets of charged particles from each other, b) improving the time synchronization of the movement of packets of charged particles along the transport channel and / or the time synchronization of the exit of packets of charged particles from the device and / or the timing of the loading of charged particles into the device , c) additional control of the transportation of charged particles in the device.

A special case of additional control of the transportation of charged particles is the creation of local potential barriers and / or local potential wells in the path of transportation of charged particles. These potential barriers and / or pits can be created by both high-frequency electric fields and static and / or quasistatic electric fields. High-frequency barriers and / or pits can be used, in particular, to introduce mass-selective effects into the process of transporting charged particles. Static and quasistatic barriers and / or pits can be used, in particular, to separate positively charged particles from negatively charged particles. Potential barriers and / or wells of one type or another can be used to block and / or unlock the transport of charged particles, change the kinetic energy of charged particles, etc. These potential barriers and / or wells can exist continuously, turn on and / or off at a certain interval or at certain points in time, change their parameters (height and / or depth), move along the transportation channel or along part of the length of the transportation channel.

A special case of additional control of the transportation of charged particles is the creation of local stability zones and / or local zones of instability of the movement of charged particles along the length of the transport channel. The indicated local zones of stability and / or local zones of instability of movement can exist continuously, turn on and / or turn off at a certain interval or at certain points in time, change their parameters (height and / or depth), move along the transportation channel or along part of the length of the transportation channel .

For example, a superposition of a static or quasistatic field and a high-frequency field, as occurs in quadrupole mass filters, allows you to create separate zones through which only particles that have a given controlled mass range can be transported. Another way to control the stability of motion and, in particular, to rebuild the window of masses corresponding to the stable motion of charged particles, is to rearrange the carrier frequency of the high-frequency voltage and / or apply additional high-frequency voltages with multiple frequencies (which corresponds to the theory of quadrupole radio-frequency mass filters and ion traps the transition from the Mathieu equation to the more general Hill equation, which provides more opportunities for the configuration of stability zones).

The local capture regions of charged particles moving along the transport channel, bounded by the maxima of the pseudopotential, are actually a set of local ion traps, and they can be handled in exactly the same way as is accepted in ion trap mass spectrometry. The application to the local capture regions of charged particles slowly moving along the axis, concentrated around the minima of the pseudopotential of the main high-frequency field, of resonant swinging high-frequency voltages allows the selective extraction of charged particles of a certain mass, as occurs in ion-frequency RF traps, as well as other operations for selective control of the ensemble charged particles well developed in mass spectrometry of ionic radio frequency traps . The advantage of these operations carried out on local capture regions, rather than on a separate device such as an ionic radio frequency trap, is that these rather time-consuming operations do not cause special pauses in the work of the ion source and the ion-analyzing device. Indeed, these operations only slow down the time required for transporting a specific group of particles from entrance to exit, since during the execution of operations on the local capture zone, new packets of charged particles continue to be loaded into the device for transporting charged particles, and already processed packets of charged particles enter the analyzer device.

To create the above high-frequency, pulsed, static, quasistatic and variable electric fields, both additional device electrodes and existing device electrodes can be used, to which the corresponding additional voltages are applied.

The channel for transporting charged particles can be either rectilinear or curved (see Fig. 30 and Fig. 31). The transportation channel can be closed in a ring, constantly or at some time interval, or the device can carry out bi-directional cyclic movements of charged particles from entrance to exit and back, constantly or at some time interval (in these cases, an ion trap is formed, and / or storage device and / or allocated volume for handling charged particles).

The cross-sectional profile of the transportation channel can vary along the length of the channel. A special case of a variable profile is the profile of the channel for transportation, which has the configuration of a funnel and compresses the flow of charged particles during transportation (see Fig. 32).

The transportation channel in the cross section of the central part may have an additional electrode, thereby transporting packets of charged particles having an annular configuration. For example, FIG. 33 shows a single diaphragm with an additional electrode in the center, and FIG. 34 shows a channel made up of similar diaphragms aligned on one axis, which provides the formation of packets of charged particles having a ring structure in cross section.

Instead of creating packets of charged particles with an annular cross section, an additional electrode or an additional electrode system in the center of the channel for moving charged particles can serve to divide the main channel into several unconnected capture regions of charged particles, i.e. into several daughter channels for moving charged particles. An example of a single diaphragm providing such an electrode configuration is shown in FIG. 35. Despite the fact that the geometrical region for moving charged particles shown in Fig. 35 is a connected ring, due to the structural features of the high-frequency electric fields created in the channel volume, this region splits into several unconnected regions of capture of charged particles. In each capture region, charged particles move independently and in each capture region it is possible to independently control the movement of charged particles using additional electric fields created by additional voltages applied to the corresponding parts of the periodic sequence of diaphragms.

The transportation channel can be divided into separate segments, in each of which the transportation of charged particles differs in its specificity. The transport channel may be a series of transport channels separated by transition regions and / or devices.

The transportation channel can be several parallel channels. The transportation channel can be split into several parallel channels (see Fig. 36), for example, when each channel is configured to transport a well-defined range of masses, "scooped" from a common transportation channel. Several parallel channels for moving charged particles can be combined into a single channel for moving charged particles (see Fig. 37), for example, if you need to dynamically switch between different sources of charged particles and / or mix different streams of charged particles into one stream of charged particles. The method in which splitting the channel into several daughter channels and / or combining several daughter channels into a common channel is carried out by a specially designed high-frequency electric field instead of a rigid structure made up of additional electrodes, was previously shown in Fig. 35. Finally, the channel for transportation may contain a region that performs the function of the storage volume for charged particles (see Fig. 38).

When alternately bidirectional transportation of charged particles or in the case when charged particles are used and / or analyzed directly in the transportation channel, one or both ends at the transportation channel can be plugged. The plug may be in the form of a constant design feature or controlled by an electric field. To reflect charged particles in the opposite direction and to create the delay necessary for tuning control voltages for transporting charged particles in the opposite direction, the plug can take the form of an electron-optical mirror using both static or quasistatic electric fields and high-frequency electric fields.

For introducing charged particles into the channel for transporting charged particles, there may be a device for inputting charged particles operating in continuous mode, or in a pulsed mode, or having the ability to switch between pulsed mode and continuous mode of operation. To output charged particles from a channel for transporting charged particles, there may be a device for outputting charged particles operating in a continuous mode, or in a pulsed mode, or having the ability to switch between a pulsed mode and a continuous mode of operation. To generate charged particles directly in the channel for transporting charged particles, there may be a device for generating charged particles operating in a continuous mode, or in a pulsed mode, or having the ability to switch between a pulsed mode and a continuous mode of operation. In particular, to generate charged particles directly in the channel for transporting charged particles, the process of fragmentation of primary charged particles, the process of formation of secondary charged particles as a result of interaction with neutral or oppositely charged particles, ionization of charged particles using one or another ionization process can be used.

To create the required high-frequency electric field in the volume of the channel for transporting charged particles, different types of voltage can be used.

Consider, for example, a channel for transporting charged particles using an axial high-frequency electric field of the form E _z (z, t) = (U ₀ / L) cos (z / Lt / T) · cos (ωt), where U ₀ is the amplitude; ω is the frequency of the high-frequency field; L, T - characteristic length and time, respectively; determined by its electric potential U (z, r, t) = U ₀ sin (z / Lt / T) · (1 + r ² / 4L ² + r ⁴ / 64L ⁴ + ...) · cos (ωt) (the quantity r is determined as . This field corresponds to a pseudopotential having the value on the device axis (see Fig. 39) and generating spatial regions of capture of charged particles slowly moving along the device axis (see Fig. 40). The amplitude of the high-frequency field E _* (z, t) = (U ₀ / L) cos (z / Lt / T) corresponds to the amplitude of the high-frequency potential U _* (z, r, t) = U ₀ sin (z / Lt / T) = U ₀ sin (z / L) cos (t / T) -U ₀ cos (z / L) sin (t / T), i.e. this potential is a superposition of static potentials U ₀ sin (z / L) and U ₀ cos (z / L), quasistatically changing in time according to the law cos (t / T) and sin (t / T).

A good approximation to an axisymmetric electrostatic field having an axial distribution of U ₀ sin (z / L) (where U ₀ is the amplitude; L, is the characteristic length) can be organized in the following way. Consider a sequence of coaxial annular diaphragms with radius R, combined into four electrodes, periodically repeating along the length of the transport channel with a period of 2πL (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 or used below as an example of a particular embodiment of Fig. 55). If potentials + U _{R are} applied to the first and second electrodes (where U _R = U ₀ (1 + R ² / 4L ² + R ⁴ / 64L ⁴ + ...), where U ₀ is the amplitude; L, is the characteristic length, R is radius of the ring diaphragms), and apply the potentials -U _R to the third and fourth electrodes, then with a sufficiently large radius R, a potential distribution of the form U ₀ sin (z / L) is formed at points on the axis of symmetry. Accordingly, if the first and fourth electrodes to apply the potentials + U _R, and the second and third electrode to apply potentials - U _R, the axis of symmetry is formed on the potential distribution of the form U ₀ cos (z / L). (An alternative for creating potential distributions on the device axis close to the distributions we need is to apply potentials (0, + U _R , 0, -U _R ) to the four electrodes for the sine and potentials (+ U _R , 0, -U _R , 0) for cosine.)

It remains to calculate the superposition of the indicated electric fields. So, to the first electrode in each of the four electrodes it is necessary to apply a high-frequency electric voltage of the form cos (ωt + φ), amplitude-modulated according to the law to the second - voltage amplitude-modulated by law , to the third - voltage amplitude-modulated by law to the fourth - voltage amplitude-modulated according to the law .

Graphs of voltages applied to the first, second, third and fourth electrodes in each four are shown in FIG. 41. For comparison, FIG. 8 previously showed voltage graphs that must be applied to the same electrodes to create an electric field in the transport channel corresponding to the device from US Pat. No. 6,812,453, which is closest to the claimed device. Since the amplitude modulation of the electrical voltages applied to the first and third electrodes (as well as the second and fourth) will be the same, and the phase difference of the high-frequency voltages applied to adjacent electrodes, in this case, is insignificant, the repetition period of the electrical voltages applied to electrodes can be reduced from 4 to 2 while simultaneously compressing twice the sequence of packets of charged particles.

Using the technique shown here, it is possible to easily synthesize the electrical voltages required for a periodically repeating system of diaphragms creating a high-frequency electric field with a pseudopotential having the form , where U _* is the amplitude of the pseudopotential, L is the characteristic length between successive minima of the pseudopotential, T is the characteristic time of movement of the minima of the pseudopotential along the channel length, n is a natural number characterizing the steepness of the walls of the resulting pseudopotential capture regions of charged particles. For example, FIG. 42 shows the electrical voltages that need to be applied to the repeating sixes of the ring electrodes to create a high-frequency electric field having an axial distribution of pseudopotential (Fig. 43) and the corresponding capture zones of charged particles (Fig. 44), slowly moving along the axis of the device.

A mathematically equivalent electric field can be created by another technical technique, without using amplitude modulation of high-frequency voltage. Let high-frequency voltages with a frequency shift be given: U ₁ (t) = U _R cos ((w-1 / T) t + φ), U ₂ (t) = U _R sin ((w-1 / T) t + φ ), U ₃ (t) = U _R cos ((w + 1 / T) t + φ), U ₄ (t) = U _R sin ((w + 1 / T) t + φ), where U _R = U ₀ (1 + R ² / 4L ² + R ⁴ / 64L ⁴ + ...), where U ₀ is the amplitude; L, is the characteristic length, R is the radius of the ring diaphragms; T is the characteristic time; ω is the frequency of the high-frequency voltage; φ is the initial phase of the high-frequency voltage. If the sum of the electrical voltages (U ₁ + U ₂ + U ₃ -U ₄ ) / 2 is applied to the first electrode, the sum of the electrical voltages (U ₁ -U ₂ + U ₃ + U ₄ ) / 2 is applied to the second electrode to the third electrode - the sum of the electrical voltages (-U ₁ -U ₂ -U ₃ + U ₄ ) / 2, and to the fourth electrode - the sum of the electrical voltages (-U ₁ + U ₂ -U ₃ -U ₄ ) / 2, then we obtain on each from the electrodes the same electrical voltages are identical as before. Instead of high-frequency voltages having close frequencies and differing from each other by a phase shift π / 2, high-frequency voltages with close frequencies and with another nonzero phase shift can be used to summarize the voltages.

Instead of amplitude modulation of high-frequency voltages or a combination of several high-frequency voltages, which differ from each other by a constant shift of frequencies and phases, phase-modulated high-frequency voltages, frequency-modulated high-frequency voltages, trains of high-frequency voltages properly synchronized in time can be used. Finally, the required electrical voltages can be synthesized digitally using a computer, microprocessor, or programmable pulse device. Figs. 45-54 show various methods for obtaining the required high-frequency voltages: a) Fig. 45 is the amplitude modulation of the high-frequency voltage cos (ωt) using the sin (t / T) function, b) Fig. 46 is the amplitude modulation of the high-frequency voltage cos ( ωt) using the function sin ² (t / T) = (1-cos (2t / T)) / 2, c) Fig. 47 shows the amplitude modulation of the high-frequency voltage cos (ωt) using the function (1-γt / T) sin (t / T), d) Fig. 48 is the sum of four high-frequency voltages with different frequencies sin ((ω + 1 / T) t) -sin ((ω-1 / T) t) + cos ((ω + 1 / T) t) + cos ((ω-1 / T) t), shifted in phase by π / 4, e) Fig. 49 - superposition of phase modulated high-frequency voltages, which is given by the formula cos (ωt + cos (t / T)) + cos (ωt-cos (t / T)) - cos (ωt), f) Fig. 50 is a superposition of phase-modulated high-frequency voltages, which is given by the formula cos (ωt + sin (cos (t / T))) + cos (ωt-sin (cos (t / T))) - 1.3cos (ωt), g) Fig. 51 - frequency modulation of the high-frequency voltage cos (ωt) using the function sin (t / T) / (t / T), h) Fig. 52 - frequency modulation of the high-frequency voltage cos (ωt) using an oscillating function. It is clear that the required electrical voltages applied to the electrodes can be created by other techniques as well - the behavior of the effective potential of the generated high-frequency electric field is a determining factor here.

The voltages applied to the electrodes do not have to be strictly periodic (see Fig. 47). All these methods for synthesizing the voltages applied to the electrodes of the conveying system ensure the creation of a high-frequency electric field with the required properties in the transport channel.

The use of a base high-frequency voltage, which undergoes amplitude modulation, phase modulation, frequency modulation, and so on, is precisely the harmonic voltage that varies according to the law cos (ωt + φ), is not required. With such success, periodic non-harmonic high-frequency voltages, and / or high-frequency voltages containing two or more frequencies in their frequency spectrum, and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum an infinite set of frequencies, and / or pulsed high-frequency ones can equally well be used voltage.

Electrodes of different types can be used to create the required high-frequency electric field in the volume of the channel for transporting charged particles.

The configuration of periodically repeating circular diaphragms shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is neither the only nor the optimal configuration of the electrodes, although it may be the most economical and structurally simple. On Fig shows a single diaphragm with a square section, which will subsequently be used as an example of a particular case of the invention. On Fig shows a quadrupole-like configuration, calculated analytically in order to get rid of the additional radio frequency voltage required in the case of circular diaphragms to more effectively press the charged particles to the axis of the device (the electrode profiles of this single diaphragm will no longer be exactly the hyperbolas corresponding to the quadratic electric field, their approximate description is represented by fourth-order curves, and the exact equation contains higher transcendental functions). In Fig. 55, Fig. 56 and Fig. 57 shows roughened profiles of the electrodes approximating said analytically calculated shape using rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal profiles. Electrode configurations using higher multipole components as a basis are constructed in a similar way. For example, on Fig shows a system of electrodes from split circular rods, which serves to create a high-frequency electric field in the transportation channel, consisting of higher multipole (sextupole) components. On Fig shows a sequence of alternating single diaphragms with rectangular holes that are deployed relative to each other, which also creates the required multipole components of the pseudopotential, inhomogeneous along the channel for moving charged particles (this configuration of the electrodes will be considered below as an example of a particular case of the claimed invention) . On Fig shows a flat split diaphragm with a curved profile in combination with a continuous electrode with a curved profile, which also create the required multipole components of the pseudopotential along the channel for moving charged particles. This configuration of the electrodes together forms a quadruple-like structure of the electrodes, and the structure of the electric field inside the volume of the device may be such that high-frequency voltages do not need to be applied to the solid electrode (this configuration of the electrodes will be considered below as an example of a particular embodiment of the claimed invention).

Structurally, the electrodes of the device can be made in the form of volumetric bodies, thin continuous surfaces, represent conductive layers of metal deposited on a dielectric substrate, have the form of grids. Mesh electrodes are convenient when charged particles are transported in a gas stream and it is required to provide a configuration of electrodes that provide minimal resistance to the gas stream. The same purpose is, for example, wire electrodes and electrodes with cuts and / or specially organized holes that do not affect or weakly affect the electric field created by the electrodes.

The device can be used both for transportation and manipulation of charged particles in vacuum, and in a neutral or partially ionized gas. An important case is when charged particles are transported in a gas stream, since this case corresponds to the interface between a gas-filled ion source and an analyzer operating in a vacuum. Some electrodes may have additional holes or slots for input and / or output of charged particles from the device. The input and / or output from the device of charged particles can also be carried out through the gaps between the electrodes. For input and / or output of charged particles from the device, additional pulse or step voltages may be required that are not directly related to the transport of charged particles inside the device.

The following is a brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1. A single circular diaphragm used as one of the possible electrodes in the device according to patent US 6812453.

Figure 2. A possible arrangement of the electrodes of the device according to the patent US 6812453. The device contains an electrode system, which is a sequence of coaxial plates with holes located between the electrodes of the internal volume, oriented along the longitudinal axis of the device and designed to move ions in it.

Figure 3. The possible distribution of the axial component of the electric field strength E _z (z, t) along the channel for moving charged particles for several closely spaced instants of time t, t + δt, t + 2δt, t + 3δt, ... (for the device according to patent US 6812453).

Figure 4. The possible envelope of the axial component of the electric field strength E _a (z, t) along the channel for some rather far apart moments of time t and t + Δt, Δt >> δt (for the device according to the patent US 6812453).

Figure 5. A possible two-dimensional distribution along the channel length for moving charged particles (z axis) and in one of the perpendicular directions (x axis) of the pseudopotential for the device according to patent US 6812453.

6. Possible two-dimensional distribution (at some point in time) along the channel length for moving charged particles (z axis) and in one of the perpendicular directions (x axis) of the potential U _a (x, y, z, t) of the quasistatic electric field for the device according to US patent 6812453.

7. Possible distribution (at some point in time) of the potential U _a (z, t) of a quasistatic electric field along the channel axis for moving charged particles (z axis) for the device according to US Pat. No. 6,812,453.

Fig. 8. Possible electrical voltages U ₁ (t), U ₂ (t), U ₃ (t), U ₄ (t) on the first, second, third, fourth electrodes, respectively, in each of the periodically repeated fours of electrodes according to patent US 6812453.

Fig.9. Capture along the channel for moving charged particles (z axis) of negatively charged particles with maxima of the quasistatic potential U _a (z, t) and positively charged particles with minima of the quasistatic potential U _a (z, t).

Figure 10. An example of the Fourier spectrum F (ω) for applied high-frequency voltages f (t), which can be represented in canonical equivalent form as the sum of “fast” harmonics with “slowly” changing amplitudes.

11. The possible distribution of the axial component of the electric field strength E _z (z, t) along the channel axis for moving charged particles (z axis) for several closely spaced time instants t, t + δt, t + 2δt, t + 3δt, ... for the claimed device.

Fig. 12. The possible distribution of the envelope of the axial component of the electric field strength E _a (z, t) along the channel (z axis) for some rather distant moments of time t and t + Δt (Δt >> δt) for the claimed device.

Fig.13. Possible two-dimensional distribution along the channel length for moving charged particles (z axis) and in one of the perpendicular directions (x axis) for the pseudopotential for the inventive device.

Fig.14. Possible distribution of pseudopotential along the channel for moving charged particles (z axis) for the inventive device.

Fig.15. Capture of negatively and positively charged particles at the minimum pseudopotential sites located along a section of the z axis.

Fig.16. The dependence of the coordinate z (t) (corresponding to the axis of the device) of the ion trajectories on time t for a particular case of the inventive device with the axial distribution of the electric field E _z (z, t) = E ₀ cos (z / Lt / T) · cos (ωt).

Fig.17. Dependence of z (t) -νt on time t, where ν is the velocity of the minima of the pseudopotential along the channel for moving charged particles. This dependence demonstrates the synchronous movement of ion packets with a total average velocity ν.

Fig. 18. The dependence of the coordinate r (t) (corresponds to the radial direction relative to the axis of the channel for moving charged particles) on time t.

Fig.19. Time-synchronized movement of a packet of charged particles and a minimum of pseudopotential along the channel for moving charged particles (z axis). In FIG. the process of moving the minimum of the pseudopotential for different times t ₁ and t ₂ (t ₁ <t ₂ ) is shown.

Fig.20. "Pushing" of charged particles with a maximum of pseudopotential along the channel for moving charged particles (z axis) with time. In FIG. the process of moving the maximum of the pseudopotential for different time instants t ₁ and t ₂ (t ₁ <t ₂ ) is shown

Fig.21. Partitioning the set of charged particles entering the channel for moving charged particles into spatially separated packets of charged particles localized in space, synchronously moving from input to output in the case when the pseudopotential has along the channel for moving charged particles (z axis) alternating maxima and minima. In FIG. The process of moving the maxima and minima of the pseudopotential for different time instants t ₁ and t ₂ (t ₁ <t ₂ ) is shown.

Fig.22. An example of the distribution of a high-frequency electric field with a non-uniform distribution Е _z (z, t) = Е ₀ (π / 2 + arctan (z / H)) · cos (z / Lt / T) · cos (ωt) of the axial component of the electric field along the axis devices (where E ₀ is the characteristic scale of the amplitude variation of the axial distribution of the electric field, z is the spatial coordinate along the axis of the channel for moving charged particles, H is the characteristic spatial scale of the “attenuation” of the pseudopotential oscillation, L is the characteristic spatial scale of a single pseudopotential oscillation, T is the characteristic " slow the “time” scale of the displacement of the oscillations of the pseudopotential along the device axis, ω is the “fast” frequency of high-frequency harmonic oscillations of the electric field, moreover, H >> L and ωТ >> 1).

Fig.23. The distribution along the channel for the movement of charged particles (z axis) of the pseudopotential a high frequency electric field with an axial component shown in FIG. As we approach the point z = 0, we can observe monotonically increasing maxima of the pseudopotential, which form a wave growing in the direction z = + ∞ and moving along the axis. This axial distribution of the electric field forms the region of stable particle accumulation at -∞ <z <-2Н, the region of stable displacement of charged particles at + 2Н <z <+ ∞ and the transition region at -2Н <z <+ 2Н.

Fig.24. Pseudopotential Example for the high-frequency field obtained from Fig. 22 by adding a high-frequency field obeying the law E _z (z, t) = 0.45Е ₀ (π / 2-arctan (z / H)) · sin (ωt) on the device axis. As a result of a superposition of these high-frequency fields in the transition region between the region of accumulation of charged particles and the region of evacuation of charged particles, a segment of the pseudopotential is obtained with monotonously decreasing minima, increasing the efficiency of capture and pumping of both positively and negatively charged particles.

Fig.25. An example of a potential function for positively charged particles, which corresponds to a superposition of a constant electric field with an axial potential distribution with the potential U (z) = U ₀ (π / 2-arctan (z / H)) ² on the channel axis for moving charged particles and a high-frequency electric field on Fig. The graph of the potential function identically coincides with the graph of the pseudopotential in Fig.24. In the transition region between the region of accumulation of charged particles and the region of evacuation of charged particles, there is a segment with monotonically decreasing maxima and minima, which increases the efficiency of capture and pumping of positively charged particles.

Fig.26. An example of a potential function for negatively charged particles, which corresponds to a superposition of a constant electric field and a high-frequency electric field with Fig. 25. The graph shows that in the transition region between the region of accumulation of charged particles and the region of evacuation of charged particles, there is a segment with monotonically increasing maxima and minima, which reduces the efficiency of capture and pumping of negatively charged particles.

Fig.27. An example of a potential function for positively charged particles, the corresponding superposition of the high-frequency electric field of FIG. 22 and a constant uniform electric field. The graph shows that such a superposition of electric fields provides a transition region that increases the efficiency of capture and pumping of positively charged particles.

Fig.28. An example of a potential function for negatively charged particles, the corresponding superposition of the high-frequency electric field of FIG. 22 and a constant uniform electric field. The graph shows that such a superposition of electric fields provides a transition region that reduces the efficiency of capture and pumping of negatively charged particles.

Fig.29. The structure of the electrodes, capable of providing a field that mates the storage region with regular pumping of discrete packets of charged particles from its edge.

Fig.30. An example of a rectilinear channel for moving charged particles.

Fig.31. An example of a curved channel for moving charged particles.

Fig. 32. A special case of a variable channel profile for moving charged particles, having the configuration of a funnel.

Fig. 33. An example of a channel for moving charged particles formed by the single diaphragms of Fig. 34 or Fig. 35, the central part of which contains additional electrodes in its cross section.

Fig. 34. An example of a single diaphragm, the central part of which contains an additional electrode in its cross section.

Fig. 35. An example of a single diaphragm with a central part in which several unconnected capture regions of charged particles are formed and, accordingly, several independent parallel channels for moving charged particles.

Fig. 36. An example of a channel for moving charged particles with splitting into several parallel channels. In this case, each channel can be configured to transport a very specific range of masses, "scooped" from a common transportation channel.

Fig.37. An example of merging several channels for moving charged particles into one channel. In this case, dynamic switching between different sources of charged particles and / or mixing of different flows of charged particles into one stream of charged particles can be carried out.

Fig. 38. An example of a channel for moving charged particles, containing in its composition a region that performs the function of the storage volume for charged particles.

Fig. 39. Pseudopotential distribution example along the channel for moving charged particles (z axis), which has alternating and moving along the channel for moving charged particles maxima and minima. This pseudopotential corresponds to the axial distribution of a high-frequency electric field, obeying the law E _z (z, t) = (U ₀ / L) cos (z / Lt / T) · cos (ωt).

Fig.40. Distribution of capture regions of charged particles along a channel for moving charged particles (z axis) corresponding to the pseudopotential shown in Fig. 39.

Fig. 41. Voltages U ₁ (t), U ₂ (t), U ₃ (t), U ₄ (t) on the first, second, third, fourth electrodes in each of the four diaphragm electrodes, respectively, to create a high-frequency electric field with a pseudopotential shown in Fig. 39.

Fig. 42. Electrical voltages U ₁ (t), U ₂ (t), U ₃ (t), U ₄ (t), U ₅ (t), U ₆ (t), which are required to be applied to the repeating six diaphragm electrodes to create a high-frequency electric field with an axial distribution of pseudo potential .

Fig. 43. Pseudopotential distribution along the channel for moving charged particles (z axis) corresponding to the high-frequency electric field generated by the voltages at the electrodes of the device of FIG. 42.

Fig.44. The capture regions of charged particles corresponding to the pseudopotential along the channel for moving charged particles (z axis).

Fig.45. An example of a high-frequency voltage U (t) created by amplitude modulation of the voltage cos (ωt) by the sin (t / T) function.

Fig. 46. An example of a high-frequency voltage U (t) created by amplitude modulation of the voltage cos (ωt) by the function sin ² (t / T) = (1-cos (2t / T)) / 2.

Fig.47. An example of a high-frequency voltage U (t) created by amplitude modulation of the voltage cos (ωt) by the function (1-γt / T) sin (t / T).

Fig. 48. An example of a high-frequency voltage U (t) as the sum of four high-frequency voltages with different frequencies sin ((ω + 1 / T) t) -sin ((ω-1 / T) t) + cos ((ω + 1 / T) t) + cos ((ω-1 / T) t), phase shifted by π / 4.

Fig. 49. An example of a high-frequency voltage U (t) as a superposition of phase-modulated high-frequency voltages, which is given by the formula cos (ωt + cos (t / T)) + cos (ωt-cos (t / T)) - cos (ωt).

Fig. 50. An example of a high-frequency voltage U (t) as a superposition of phase-modulated high-frequency voltages, which is given by the formula cos (ωt + sin (cos (t / T))) + cos (ωt-sin (cos (t / T))) - 1.3cos (ωt).

Fig. 51. An example of a high-frequency voltage U (t) created by frequency modulation of a high-frequency voltage cos (ωt) using the sin (t / T) / (t / T) function.

Fig. 52. An example of voltage U (t) created by frequency modulation of a high-frequency voltage cos (ωt) using an oscillating function.

Fig. 53. A flat non-ring diaphragm used to construct a channel for moving charged particles consisting of periodically repeating single diaphragms.

Fig. 54. A quadrupole-like electrode configuration of a single diaphragm used to construct a channel for moving charged particles. This configuration allows you to more efficiently (compared with simple diaphragms) to press the ion beam to the axis of the device. Analytically calculated profiles of these electrodes are not hyperbolic and are described by transcendental equations involving higher transcendental functions.

Fig. 55. The rectangular profile of the electrodes of a single diaphragm used to construct a channel for moving charged particles, as an example of a profile for creating an electric field with the desired distribution of the pseudopotential along the axis of the device containing quadrupole components.

Fig. 56. The triangular profile of the electrodes of a single diaphragm used to construct a channel for moving charged particles, as an example of a profile for creating an electric field with the desired distribution of the pseudopotential along the axis of the device containing quadrupole components.

Fig. 57. The trapezoidal profile of the electrodes of a single diaphragm used to construct a channel for moving charged particles, as an example of a profile for creating an electric field with the desired distribution of the pseudopotential along the axis of the device containing quadrupole components.

Fig.58. An example of the profile of electrodes from split circular rods, which serves to create a high-frequency electric field in the channel for moving charged particles with the desired distribution of the pseudopotential along the axis of the device containing higher multipole (sextupole) components.

Fig.59. Flat diaphragms with a rectangular hole used to construct a channel for moving charged particles, consisting of periodically repeating alternating diaphragms with different sections, creating a high-frequency electric field with a pseudopotential having inhomogeneous multipole components along the channel length for moving charged particles.

Fig. 60. Flat split diaphragms of a quadrupole-like structure in combination with a solid quadrupole-like electrode.

Fig. 61. General view of the claimed device.

Fig. 62. A particular arrangement of the electrodes of the claimed device, which is a periodic sequence of rectangular or circular diaphragms.

Fig. 63. The inventive device, which operates in conjunction with additional devices, performing an additional effect on packets of charged particles in the process of moving them inside this device.

Fig. 64. The inventive device, operating in conjunction with a source of charged particles or with a storage device of charged particles.

Fig. 65. The inventive device, functioning as a source of charged particles for some output device.

Fig.66. The inventive device that converts a pulsed stream of charged particles at the input to a quasi-continuous stream of packets of charged particles at the output.

Fig. 67. The inventive device that converts a continuous or quasi-continuous stream of charged particles at the input to a discrete stream of packets of charged particles at the output.

Fig. 68. The inventive device included in the device for the analysis of charged particles.

Fig. 69. The cross-section along the axis and the geometric dimensions of the periodic sequences of the electrodes, composed of single flat orifice plates with a square hole, used as example 1.

Fig. 70. The geometric dimensions of a single flat diaphragm with a square section used for a periodic sequence of electrodes in example 1.

Fig. 71. The partition of the initial ensemble of charged particles into spatially separated packets and their transportation along the channel for moving charged particles in example 1.

Fig. 72. The cross-section along the axis and the geometric dimensions of the periodic sequences of the electrodes, composed of alternating single flat diaphragms with rectangular holes, used as example 2.

Fig. 73. The geometric dimensions of alternating single flat diaphragms with rectangular sections used for a periodic sequence of electrodes in example 2.

Fig. 74. The partition of the initial ensemble of charged particles into spatially separated packets and their transportation along the channel for moving charged particles in example 2.

Fig. 75. The cross-section along the axis and the geometric dimensions of the periodic sequences of the electrodes, composed of alternating single flat diaphragms with flat independent electrodes and a quadrupole configuration of the electric field, used as example 3.

Fig. 76. The geometric dimensions of alternating single flat diaphragms with flat independent electrodes and a quadrupole configuration of the electric field used for the periodic sequence of electrodes in example 3.

Fig.77. The partition of the initial ensemble of charged particles into spatially separated packets and their transportation along the channel for moving charged particles in example 3.

Fig.78. The cross-section along the axis and the geometric dimensions of the periodic sequences of electrodes made up of partitioned periodically repeating quadrupole-like electrodes and two solid quadrupole-like electrodes (see Fig. 60), providing a quadrupole configuration of the electric field and used as example 4.

Fig. 79. The geometric dimensions of alternating quadrupole-like sections made up of periodically repeated sectioned quadrupole-like electrodes and two solid quadrupole-like electrodes (see FIG. 60) used for the combination of electrodes in Example 4.

Fig. 80. The partition of the initial ensemble of charged particles into spatially separated packets and their transportation along the channel for moving charged particles in example 4.

A device for manipulating charged particles (see Fig. 61) comprises a system of electrodes 1 arranged to form a channel 2 device oriented along the longitudinal axis (z axis in the drawing) for moving charged particles 3. In particular, the device shown in Fig. 62 contains 8 sections of 4 in each, successively arranged along the longitudinal axis of the device, coaxial ring electrodes 1 with an inner diameter of the holes of 20 mm and a distance between adjacent electrodes of 2 mm; the total length of the device is 320 mm. The end sections 4 and 5 of channel 2 are the input and output of the device, respectively.

The device also comprises means (not shown in the drawing) for applying an electric supply voltage to the electrodes 1, which causes the creation of an inhomogeneous high-frequency electric field in the channel, the pseudopotential of which has one or more local extrema along the channel length for moving charged particles by at least a certain time interval, and at least one of these extremes of the pseudopotential moves in time, at least at some time interval or at least over a partial length of the channel for moving the charged particles.

On Fig presents a private view of the inventive device, which operates in conjunction with devices that provide additional effects on packets of charged particles in the process of moving them inside this device, which is carried out in the region 6 located inside the device. As such devices can be used, for example, devices for ionizing charged particles, devices for fragmenting charged particles, devices for forming secondary charged particles, devices for exciting the internal energy of charged particles, devices for the selective selection of charged particles. In this case, the device may not be a separate structural unit in the volume of the claimed device, but rather be a corresponding and purposefully organized physical process that occurs in the volume of the claimed device.

On Fig presents a private view of the inventive device, which operates in conjunction with a source 7 of charged particles. As sources of charged particles, for example, devices for generating charged particles and / or input intermediate devices, listed below in the description of FIG. 68, can be used.

On Fig presents a private view of the inventive device, which functions as a source of charged particles for some output device 8. As the output devices can be used, for example, analyzers of charged particles and / or output intermediate devices listed below in the description of Fig. 68.

On Fig presents a private view of the inventive device that converts a pulsed stream of charged particles 9 at the entrance to the stream of packets of charged particles 11 at the output of the device. The pulse flow of charged particles 9 can be received at the input of the device from any external device or formed inside the volume of the claimed device.

On Fig presents a private view of the inventive device that converts a continuous or quasi-continuous stream of charged particles 10 at the entrance to the stream of packets of charged particles 11 at the output of the device. A continuous or quasi-continuous stream of charged particles 10 may be supplied to the input of the device from any external device or formed within the volume of the claimed device.

On Fig presents a private view of the inventive device included in the device for the analysis of charged particles (for example, a mass spectrometer). Such a device may consist of a device for generating charged particles 12, an input intermediate device 13, the inventive device 14 for manipulating charged particles, an output intermediate device 15, a charged particle analyzer 16. The device for generating charged particles serves to produce primary charged particles, and can be based on a wide variety of physical processes. The input intermediate device serves to accumulate charged particles, or to cool (reduce kinetic energy) of charged particles, or to transform the properties of a beam of charged particles, or to excite charged particles, or to fragment charged particles, or to generate secondary charged particles, or to filter the desired group of charged particles, or primary detection of charged particles, or performing several of these functions at once. The inventive device for manipulating charged particles splits the input stream of charged particles into a stream of discrete and time-synchronized packets of charged particles, transfers charged particles from input to output, and can also carry out other types of manipulation of charged particles. The output intermediate device serves to accumulate charged particles, or to transform the properties of a beam of charged particles, or to fragment charged particles, or to generate secondary charged particles, or to filter the desired group of charged particles, or to initially detect charged particles, or to perform several of these functions at once. The charged particle analyzer can be, for example, a detector based on microchannel plates, or a collection (possibly consisting of a single element) of diode detectors, or a combination (possibly consisting of a single element) of semiconductor detectors, or a collection (possibly consisting of a single element ) detectors based on the measurement of the induced charge, or a mass analyzer (mass spectrometer, mass spectrograph or mass filter), or an optical spectrometer, or a separation based charged spectrometer particles on the basis of ion mobility or its derivatives. Input intermediate devices and / or output intermediate devices may be absent, and the process of ionization of charged particles and / or the process of analysis of charged particles can be carried out inside the inventive device for manipulating charged particles. Both the input and output intermediate devices can be a combination of corresponding devices, possibly separated by devices for transporting charged particles and / or devices for manipulating charged particles, including the possibility of using the claimed type of device for manipulating charged particles. All of these elements of the device can operate in continuous mode, and / or in a pulsed mode, and / or switch between continuous and pulsed modes of operation.

The operation of the device is shown in the following examples.

Example 1

As the electrodes 1, the electrode system described above was used, consisting of a periodic sequence of flat diaphragms with a square cross section (Fig. 53). The geometric parameters and dimensions of the indicated electrode system are shown in Fig. 69, the geometric dimensions of a single diaphragm with a square hole are shown in Fig. 70.

A sinusoidal power supply with amplitude modulation was used as the supply voltage. The periodic sequence of electrodes was divided into four electrodes. The former four electrodes in each applied voltage + U ₀ cos (δt) cos (ωt) , to the second electrode - the voltage + U ₀ sin (δt) cos (ωt) , a third electrode - the voltage -U ₀ cos (δt) cos (ωt), to the fourth electrodes is the voltage -U ₀ sin (δt) cos (ωt). The main frequency of the sinusoidal power was chosen equal to ω = 1 MHz, the amplitude modulation frequency of the sinusoidal power was chosen equal to δ = 1 kHz, the amplitude of the sinusoidal power was chosen equal to U ₀ = 400 Volts. The transportation channel was filled with buffer gas, nitrogen (molecular weight 28 amu) at a pressure of 2 mTor (1 Top = 1 mm Hg) and a temperature of 300 K. was used as a buffer gas. singly charged ions with a mass of 609 amu As can be seen from FIG. 71, the behavior of the charged particles was as expected: a continuous cloud of charged particles was divided into separate spatially separated packets and the said packets were uniformly moved along the device axis. The velocity of clouds of charged particles corresponded to the expected one and was determined by the frequency of amplitude modulation δ.

Example 2

As the electrodes 1, the electrode system described above was used, consisting of a periodic sequence of alternating flat diaphragms with rectangular cross-sections (Fig. 59). The geometric parameters and dimensions of the indicated electrode system are shown in Fig. 72, the geometric dimensions of a single diaphragm with a square hole are shown in Fig. 73.

A sinusoidal power supply with amplitude modulation was used as the supply voltage. The periodic sequence of electrodes was divided into four electrodes. The former four electrodes in each applied voltage + U ₀ cos (δt) cos (ωt) to the second electrode - the voltage + U ₀ sin (δt) cos (ωt) , a third elektrodam- voltage -U ₀ cos (δt) cos (ωt), to the fourth electrodes is the voltage -U ₀ sin (δt) cos (ωt). The main frequency of the sinusoidal power was chosen equal to ω = 1 MHz, the amplitude modulation frequency of the sinusoidal power was chosen equal to δ = 1 kHz, the amplitude of the sinusoidal power was increased to U ₀ = 2000 Volts (2 kV). The transportation channel was filled with buffer gas, nitrogen (the molecular mass of 28 amu) was used as a buffer gas at a pressure of 2 mTorr and a temperature of 300 K. Singly charged ions with a mass of 609 amu were used as charged particles, as well as singly charged ions with a mass of 5000 amu The amplitude of the sinusoidal power was increased compared with example 1 for more efficient manipulation of charged particles of larger mass. As can be seen from Fig. 74, the behavior of charged particles was as expected: a continuous cloud of charged particles of both masses was divided into separate spatially separated packets and uniform movement of these packets along the axis of the device. The speed of movement of clouds of charged particles was consistent with the expected. In contrast to the previous example, in this example, clouds of charged particles are stretched to a greater extent in the vertical direction, and their geometrical dimensions in the radial direction along the OY axis and along the OZ axis (here, the coordinate axis OX is selected for the device axis) periodically decrease or increase in accordance with the passage of a cloud of charged particles through alternating rectangular sections of diaphragms.

Example 3

As the electrodes 1, the electrode system described above was used, consisting of a periodic sequence of flat diaphragms consisting of flat electrodes and providing a quadrupole structure of the electric field in the diaphragm section (Fig. 55). The geometric parameters and dimensions of the indicated electrode system are shown in Fig. 75, the geometric dimensions of a single square diaphragm consisting of four independent flat electrodes are shown in Fig. 76.

A sinusoidal power supply with amplitude modulation was used as the supply voltage. On the electrodes designated in Fig. 76 as electrodes "A", the electric voltage was applied in antiphase with the electrical voltage supplied to the electrodes indicated in Fig. 76 as electrodes "B". The periodic sequence of diaphragms was divided into fours made up of successive diaphragms. An electrical voltage ± U ₀ cos (δt) cos (ωt) was applied to the first diaphragms in each four (the plus sign or the minus sign is selected depending on whether this diaphragm electrode is electrode A or electrode B) ), to the second electrodes - voltage ± U ₀ sin (δt) cos (ωt), to the third electrodes - voltage U ₀ cos (δt) cos (ωt), voltage to the fourth electrodes U ₀ sin (δt) cos (ωt). The main frequency of the sinusoidal power was chosen equal to ω = 1 MHz, the frequency of the amplitude modulation of the sinusoidal power was chosen equal to δ = 1 kHz. Due to the fact that for the quadrupole configuration of the electrodes, the axial field is significantly weakened compared to the configuration of the electrodes, consisting of simple diaphragms, the amplitude of the sinusoidal power was increased to U ₀ = 4000 Volts. The transportation channel was filled with buffer gas. Nitrogen (molecular weight 28 amu) was used as a buffer gas at a pressure of 2 mTorr and a temperature of 300 K. Single charged ions of both signs (positive and negatively charged) with a mass of 609 amu were used as charged particles. As can be seen from Fig. 7, the behavior of charged particles was as expected: a continuous cloud of charged particles was divided into separate spatially separated packets and uniform movement of these packets along the axis of the device. The speed of movement of clouds of charged particles was consistent with the expected. It is also seen that charged particles of different signs are equally controlled by the applied electric field. In this example, clouds of charged particles spread to a greater extent than in example 1, due to the fact that the axial distribution of the high-frequency field is significantly weakened and, as a result, local pseudopotential wells have shallower depth and less steep edges. In addition, in this case, the high-frequency field at the edges of the electrodes has a significantly larger amplitude and, as a result, repels charged particles much stronger from the edges of the diaphragm to its center.

Example 4

As the electrodes 1, an electrode system was used, consisting of a periodic sequence of split quadrupole-like electrodes and two continuous quadrupole-like electrodes, which provides a quadrupole structure of the electric field in the section of the transportation channel (a general view of the device is shown in Fig. 60). The geometric parameters and dimensions of the indicated electrode system are shown in Fig. 78, the geometric dimensions of the quadrupole-like electrode profiles are shown in Fig. 79.

As the supply voltage, a sinusoidal power supply with amplitude modulation was used, which was supplied to the split electrodes, designated as “B” electrodes in Fig. 79. To the solid electrodes, indicated in FIG. 79 as electrodes “A”, radio frequency voltages were not applied, they were maintained at a constant zero voltage. The periodic sequence of opposing sectioned electrodes was split into fours. The first pair of electrodes applied to each quadruple voltage + U ₀ cos (δt) cos (ωt) , a pair of second electrode - the voltage + U ₀ sin (δt) cos (ωt) , the third pair of electrodes - voltage -U ₀ cos (δt) cos (ωt), to the fourth pair of electrodes - voltage -U ₀ sin (δt) cos (ωt). The main frequency of the sinusoidal power was chosen equal to ω = 1 MHz, the frequency of the amplitude modulation of the sinusoidal power was chosen equal to δ = 1 kHz. Due to the fact that for the quadrupole configuration of the electrodes, the axial field is weakened compared to the configuration of the electrodes, consisting of simple diaphragms, the amplitude of the sinusoidal power was increased to U ₀ = 3000 Volts (3 kV). The transportation channel was filled with buffer gas, nitrogen (the molecular mass of 28 amu) was used as a buffer gas at a pressure of 2 mTorr and a temperature of 300 K. Single charged, doubly charged, and triple charged ions with a mass of 609 a.u were used as charged particles. .m. The amplitude of the electric field was chosen large enough for the efficient manipulation of particles carrying different charges. As can be seen from Fig. 80, the behavior of the charged particles was as expected: a continuous cloud of charged particles was divided into separate spatially separated packets and the said packets were uniformly moved along the device axis. The speed of movement of clouds of charged particles also corresponded to the expected speed and was determined by the frequency δ.

It should be noted that during the operation of the inventive device, a method for manipulating charged particles is implemented, including exposing a plurality of charged particles localized in space to manipulate charged particles to an inhomogeneous high-frequency electric field whose pseudopotential has one or more local extrema along the length of the space for manipulating charged particles, at least a certain time interval, and at least one of these extreme pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field moves in time, at least in part of the length of the space for manipulating charged particles, at least for some time interval.

If during the operation of the device the flow of charged particles arrives at the input of the device, in which, at least at some time interval, the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field has alternating maxima and minima along the length of the region for manipulating the charged particles, then as a result, the flow of charged particles into spatially segmented packets of charged particles.

If during operation of the device the totality of charged particles is located inside the device in which, at least at some time interval, the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field has alternating maxima and minima along the region for manipulating charged particles, then the result is the grouping of charged particles into spatially segmented packets of charged particles.

The device can be paired with a storage device in which charged particles are located. In this case, the collection of charged particles is captured, at least in some area of the storage device, at least at some time interval, by a high-frequency electric field, the pseudopotential of which has one or more local extrema along the length of the space for manipulating charged particles moreover, at least one of the indicated extremes of the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field moves in time, at least in part of the length of the space for mani charged particle pooling, at least over a certain time interval.

In this case, charged particles can be pumped out in the form of spatially separated packets of at least part of the charged particles located in the storage device due to the capture of charged particles by a high-frequency electric field and moving along at least part of the channel length, at least , at some time interval, extremum or extrema of the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field.

When the device is operating, a set of charged particles can be affected by a high-frequency electrostatic field, in which the pseudopotential has alternating maxima and minima moving along the length of the region for manipulating charged particles according to a given law, as a result of which time-synchronized transportation of charged particles follows the given law from time.

During operation of the device, alternately bi-directional movement of charged particles can be carried out due to the fact that the direction of movement of the extremum or extrema of the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field, at least for a part of the length of the region for manipulating charged particles, changes sign at some point or time.

When the device is operating, an oscillatory movement of charged particles can be realized due to the fact that the movement of the extremum or extrema of the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field in time, at least in part of the length of the region for manipulating charged particles, has an oscillating character.

When the device is operating, two or more adjacent spatially separated packets of charged particles can be combined as a result of the fact that the value of the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field at the maximum of the pseudopotential separating the spatially separated packets is reduced at least by a certain time interval.

During operation of the device, at least some charged particles can be transferred at least over a certain time interval between adjacent spatially separated packets of charged particles as a result of the fact that the value of the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field at the maximum of the pseudopotential separating the spatially separated packets is reduced, at least for some time interval.

During operation of the device, at least one packet of charged particles can be destroyed as a result of the fact that the value of the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field at the minimum of the pseudopotential corresponding to the position of the packet of charged particles of interest increases above the barrier level, at least in a certain interval time.

During operation of the device, at least some charged particles can be exited from the packet at least over a certain time interval, as a result of which the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field at the minimum pseudopotential corresponding to the position of the packet of charged particles of interest increases at least for some time interval.

During operation of the device, all or some charged particles can be transferred from one packet of charged particles to an adjacent packet of charged particles as a result of the fact that the value of the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field at the maximum of the pseudopotential separating the spatially separated packets is reduced, and the value of the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field is the minimum pseudopotential corresponding to the position of the packet of charged particles of interest to us increases, at least , At a certain time interval.

When the device is in operation, creation or restoration of the capture region of charged particles can be carried out as a result of the fact that the value of the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field changes at least in a certain part of the transport channel, at least in a certain time interval, creating a local minimum.

When the device is operating, a region can be formed for the accumulation of charged particles due to the fact that at least for a certain time interval, at least for a certain length of the transport channel, the pseudopotential of the high-frequency electric field does not have maxima and minima.

When the device is used for better radial confinement of charged particles in the area for manipulating charged particles, additional static electric fields and / or additional quasistatic electric fields and / or additional alternating electric fields and / or additional pulsed electric fields and / or additional high-frequency electric fields, and / or a superposition of these fields.

When operating the device for better spatial isolation of packets of charged particles along the length of the region, additional static electric fields and / or additional quasistatic electric fields and / or additional alternating electric fields and / or additional alternating electric fields can be used to manipulate charged particles / or additional pulsed electric fields, and / or additional high-frequency electric fields, and / or a superposition of these fields.

When the device is operating, for better time synchronization of transporting packets of charged particles, additional static electric fields and / or additional quasistatic electric fields and / or additional alternating electric fields and / or additional pulsed electric fields and / or additional high-frequency electric fields can be used , and / or a superposition of these fields.

When the device is used to control the behavior of charged particles in the process of transporting charged particles, additional static electric fields and / or additional quasistatic electric fields and / or additional alternating electric fields and / or additional pulsed electric fields and / or additional high-frequency can be used electric fields, and / or a superposition of these fields, created in the volume for manipulating charged particles.

When the device is used to control the behavior of charged particles by creating additional potential barriers, or / or pseudopotential barriers, and / or potential wells, or pseudopotential wells, at least in part in the area for manipulating charged particles, at least on which at this time interval, additional static electric fields, and / or additional quasistatic electric fields, and / or additional alternating electric fields, and / or additional pulsed electric fields, and / or additional high-frequency electric fields, and / or a superposition of these fields.

Moreover, the mentioned potential and pseudopotential barriers and wells can vary in time and / or move in time in the region for manipulating charged particles, at least at some time interval, providing controlled behavior of charged particles.

When the device is used to control the behavior of charged particles using additional stability zones and / or additional instability zones, at least in part of the region for manipulating charged particles, at least at some time interval, additional static electric fields, and / or additional quasistatic electric fields, and / or additional alternating electric fields, and / or additional pulsed electric fields, and / or additional highly fixed electric fields, and / or a superposition of these fields.

Moreover, the mentioned zones of stability and instability can vary in time and / or move in time in the region for manipulating charged particles, at least at some time interval, providing controlled behavior of charged particles.

When the device for the selective selection of charged particles can be used, additional static electric fields, and / or additional quasistatic electric fields, and / or additional alternating electric fields, and / or additional pulsed electric fields, and / or additional high-frequency electric fields, and / or a superposition of the specified fields.

When the device is used to control a significant dependence of the movement of charged particles on the mass of charged particles, additional static electric fields, and / or additional quasistatic electric fields, and / or additional alternating electric fields, and / or additional pulsed electric fields, and / or additional high-frequency electric fields, and / or a superposition of these fields.

In the device, the channel for moving charged particles can have a variable profile, at least along part of the length of the region for manipulating charged particles, and when the device is operating in this channel, collection and / or focusing and / or compression of the stream of charged particles can be carried out.

In the device, the channel for moving charged particles can be closed into a ring, while during the operation of the device it can be used to create a storage volume for charged particles, and / or traps for charged particles, and / or an area for manipulating charged particles, a channel is used to moving charged particles closed in a ring.

In the device, in order to create a storage volume for charged particles, and / or a trap for charged particles, and / or a region for manipulating charged particles, a channel for moving charged particles, operating in alternately bidirectional mode for at least some time interval, can be used .

When the device is operating, the manipulation of charged particles can be carried out in a vacuum.

When the device is operated, the manipulation of charged particles can be carried out in a neutral or ionized gas.

When the device is operating, the manipulation of charged particles can be carried out in a stream of neutral or ionized gas.

When the device is operating, charged particles may arrive at the input of the device from an external source.

During operation of the device, manipulation of charged particles formed inside the device can be carried out.

During operation of the device, manipulation with secondary charged particles formed inside the device can be carried out.

During operation of the device, fragmented charged particles generated inside the device can be manipulated

Fragmented charged particles can be formed during the acceleration of charged particles using electric fields created in the inventive device, due to collisions of said charged particles with neutral gas molecules and / or with surfaces located inside the device.

Fragmented charged particles can form inside the device as a result of the interaction between positive and negative charged particles, combined into one spatially separated packet of charged particles.

When the device is operating, charged particles can be removed from the device in a direction along the channel for moving charged particles.

When the device is operating, charged particles can be removed from the device in a direction along orthogonal or inclined to the channel for moving charged particles.

When the device is in operation during transportation, the kinetic energy of charged particles can be balanced due to collisions and energy exchanges between charged particles and neutral gas molecules.

When the device is in the process of moving, filtration of charged particles by mass can occur.

When the device is in the process of moving, fragmentation of charged particles can occur.

When the device is in operation, secondary charged particles can form.

When the device is in the process of moving, secondary charged particles can form as a result of recharging of charged particles in collisions and charge exchange between charged particles and neutral gas molecules.

During operation of the device during the movement, secondary charged particles can form as a result of recharging of charged particles in collisions and exchange of charge with charged particles having a charge of the opposite sign.

When the device is in operation during the movement, secondary charged particles can form as a result of the creation of composite ions in collisions and interactions between charged particles and neutral gas molecules.

When the device is operating during the movement, secondary charged particles can form as a result of the creation of composite ions in collisions and interaction of charged particles with each other.

When the device is in operation, it is possible to manipulate charged particles by operating with packets of charged particles consisting of positively and negatively charged particles simultaneously.

Consider some specific uses of the claimed device.

The device can be used to convert a continuous ion beam into a series of time-synchronized ion pulses and thereby be used as an ion source (ion preparation system). The property of the claimed device for manipulating charged particles to provide a given law of the time of movement and exit of packets of charged particles is invaluable when used for docking with various output devices operating in a pulsed mode. When docking with such a device, it is necessary to ensure that the time intervals between successive packets of charged particles are greater than the time intervals required by the output device to process the next packet so that there is no loss of charged particles. As an output device, one can use a device that analyzes charged particles (e.g., a time-of-flight mass spectrometer or radio frequency trap), or performs targeted modification of a package of charged particles (e.g., collision cell), or selects a subgroup of charged particles with the desired characteristics (e.g., mass filter), or transfers a packet of charged particles to another device (for example, another device for transporting charged particles), or uses a pulse of a charged particles for any technical applications, or combines several functions at once.

The inventive device allows you to effectively convert a continuous beam of charged particles into a series of consecutive pulses of charged particles, since with the appropriate selection of the speed of movement of packets of charged particles along the axis of the device for transporting charged particles and, accordingly, the pulse repetition rate of firing voltages, it is possible to analyze all incoming charged particles without loss . Note that the speed of movement of packets along the axis of the device for transporting charged particles in the proposed device is determined by the frequency of the amplitude modulation and the phase shift between the control high-frequency voltages applied to the electrodes (or the frequency difference of close-in-frequency high-frequency harmonics, if this method is used for the synthesis of control voltages ) and is easily regulated by electronics. The number of charged particles in each packet can be very significant and, according to preliminary estimates, should be close to the capacity of the linear trap.

For output devices operating in pulsed mode, this method of dividing a continuous stream of charged particles into discrete portions seems to be the most successful. With the correct setting of the time intervals between the receipt of individual discrete portions of charged particles at the output of the transporting device and, accordingly, at the input of the device following it (which, for example, is a mass analyzer operating in a pulsed mode), and the time of subsequent analysis of the incoming portions of charged particles , this method allows you to analyze all charged particles coming from a continuous beam into the analyzer with virtually no loss.

In addition to converting a continuous beam into a series of packets, this device may have other applications.

This brief description of the preferred methods for implementing the present invention is by no means complete. It should be clear that the proposed description contains only individual implementations of the invention and possible other implementations of the described principle do not contradict the spirit of this patent and should be included in the present invention.

The inventive device can be used as part of a number of specialized physical devices, where the above scheme for its use, if necessary, can be combined with each other.

In particular, the claimed device can be used as part of a physical device, which contains a) a device for generating charged particles, b) an input intermediate device, c) a claimed device for manipulating charged particles, d) an output intermediate device, e) a device for detecting charged particles (see Fig. 68).

In the physical device in question, in particular, the input intermediate device serves to accumulate charged particles, or to transform the properties of a beam of charged particles, or to fragment charged particles, or to generate secondary charged particles, or to filter the desired group of charged particles, or to initially detect charged particles, or to perform several of these functions at once.

In the physical device in question, in particular, the input intermediate device may be a sequence of input intermediate devices shared or not shared by conveying devices.

In the physical device in question, in particular, the input intermediate device may be absent.

In the physical device in question, in particular, the output intermediate device serves to accumulate charged particles, or to transform the properties of a beam of charged particles, or to fragment charged particles, or to generate secondary charged particles, or to filter the desired group of charged particles, or to initially detect charged particles, or to perform several of these functions at once.

In the physical device in question, in particular, the output intermediate device may be a series of output intermediate devices shared or not shared by conveying devices.

In the physical device in question, in particular, the output intermediate device may not be present.

In the physical device in question, in particular, the generation of charged particles can occur within the volume of a device for transporting and handling charged particles.

In the physical device in question, in particular, detection of charged particles can occur within the volume of a device for transporting and handling charged particles.

In the physical device in question, in particular, the exit of charged particles from the device for generating charged particles and / or the input intermediate device may be blocked at certain points in time.

In the physical device in question, in particular, the entrance of charged particles into the device for detecting charged particles and / or into the output intermediate device may be blocked at certain points in time.

In the physical device in question, in particular, the device for generating charged particles may be an ion source operating in a continuous mode.

In the physical device under consideration, an ion source operating in a continuous mode may belong to a group of source types, including: 1) an electrospray type ion source (ESI), 2) an atmospheric pressure ionization ion source (API), 3) an ion source atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), 4) atmospheric pressure photoionization ion source (APPI), 5) inductively coupled plasma ionization ion source (ICP), 6) electron impact ion source (EI), 7 a) ion source with chemical ionization (CI), 8) ion source with photoionization (PI), 9) ion source with thermal ionization (TI), 10) ion source with ionization in a gas discharge of one type or another, 11) ion source with ionization by fast atom bombardment (FAB ), 12) an ion source with ionization by ion bombardment (SIMS), 13) an ion source with ionization by ions received from a liquid metal ion source (LSIMS).

In the physical device in question, in particular, the device for generating charged particles may be an ion source operating in a pulsed mode.

In the physical device under consideration, the ion source operating in a pulsed mode can belong to a group of types of sources, including: 1) a source with laser desorption (LDI), 2) a source with laser desorption from the matrix (MALDI), 3) a source with orthogonal extraction of ions from a continuous beam, 4) an ion trap, where, in particular, an ion trap can belong to a group of devices, including: 1) a radio frequency ion trap, including a linear ion trap, and / or Paul’s ion trap, and / or radio frequency trap with and using a pulsed electric field, 2) an electrostatic ion trap, including an Orbitrap type electrostatic trap, 3) a Penning ion trap.

In the physical device under consideration, the input intermediate device can be: 1) a device transporting a beam of charged particles from a source of charged particles, 2) a device for storing and storing charged particles, 3) a mass-selective device for separating charged particles of interest, 4) a device for separating charged particles on the basis of ionic mobility or derivatives of ionic mobility, 5) a cell for fragmentation of charged particles in one way or another, 6) a cell for the formation of orichnyh charged particles one way or another, 7) a combination of the aforementioned devices, wherein said devices can be both devices operating in a continuous mode, and devices operating in the pulsed mode.

In the physical device under consideration, the output intermediate device can be: 1) a device transporting a beam of charged particles to a detecting device, 2) a device for storing and storing charged particles, 3) a mass-selective device for separating charged particles of interest, 4) a device for separating charged particles on the basis of ionic mobility or derivatives of ionic mobility, 5) a cell for fragmentation of charged particles in one way or another, 6) a cell for the formation of second charged particles in one way or another; 7) a combination of the aforementioned devices, where the aforementioned devices can be either devices operating in a continuous mode or devices operating in a pulsed mode.

In the physical device under consideration, the following can be used as a detecting device: 1) a detector based on microchannel plates, 2) diode detectors, 3) semiconductor detectors, 4) detectors based on induced charge measurement, 5) mass analyzer (mass spectrometer, mass spectrograph or mass filter), 6) an optical spectrometer, 7) spectrometers based on the separation of charged particles on the basis of ionic mobility or its derivatives, where these devices can be like devices operating in continuous hedgehog, and devices operating in a pulsed mode.

In the inventive device, when it is operated as part of the physical device under consideration, the kinetic energy of charged particles can be aligned due to collision and energy exchange between charged particles and neutral gas molecules.

In the inventive device during its operation as part of the physical device under consideration, filtration of charged particles by mass can occur.

In the inventive device during its operation as part of the physical device under consideration, fragmentation of charged particles can occur.

In the inventive device during its operation as part of the physical device under consideration, the formation of secondary charged particles can occur.

In the inventive device, when it is operated as part of the physical device under consideration, a continuous beam of charged particles can be converted to a discrete set of spatially separated packets of charged particles, which is necessary for the output intermediate device and / or detection device to work correctly.

In the inventive device, when it is operated as part of the physical device under consideration, a continuous beam of charged particles can be converted into a discrete set of packets of charged particles synchronized in time, necessary for the correct operation of the output intermediate device and / or detection device.

In the physical device in question, the operation of the device for generating charged particles and / or the operation of the input intermediate device can be substantially synchronized in time with the operation of the inventive device.

In the considered physical device, the operation of the claimed device can be substantially synchronized in time with the operation of the device for detecting charged particles and / or the operation of the output intermediate device.

The inventive device can be used as a conveying device for a beam of charged particles.

The inventive device can be used as a conveying device for a beam of charged particles with damping the velocities of charged particles due to collisions with gas molecules.

The inventive device can be used as an ion trap.

The inventive device can be used as a cell for fragmentation of ions.

The inventive device can be used as a storage device for ions.

The inventive device can be used as a reactor for ion-molecular reactions.

The inventive device can be used as a cell for ion spectroscopy.

The inventive device can be used as a source of ions for continuous injection of ions into the mass analyzer or into an intermediate device preceding the mass analyzer.

The inventive device can be used as an ion source for pulsed injection of ions into a mass analyzer or into an intermediate device prior to the mass analyzer.

The inventive device can be used as a mass filter.

The inventive device can be used as a mass-selective storage device.

The inventive device can be used as a mass analyzer.

The inventive device can be used in the interface for transporting charged particles from gas-filled ion sources to the mass analyzer.

In the case of using charged particles in the interface for transporting charged particles to the mass analyzer, the inventive device can be used, in particular, for transporting ions, at least in part, between the ion source and the mass analyzer.

In the case of using charged particles in the interface for transporting charged particles to the mass analyzer, the claimed device, in particular, can cover several stages of differential pumping.

In the case of using charged particles in the interface for transporting charged particles to the mass analyzer, the claimed device can be used, in particular, for combining ion flows from several sources, including: 1) alternating operation with individual sources loading ions into the device for transportation, focusing and manipulation ions, 2) periodic switching between the main source and the source containing the substance used for calibration, 3) simultaneous operation with several sources E for mixing flows of ions or to respond ions of various types, or to calibrate the mass analyzer, mass, or to calibrate the mass analyzer sensitivity.

In the case of using charged particles in the interface for transporting charged particles to the mass analyzer, the claimed device can be used, in particular, for additional excitation of the internal energy of ions with the aim of: 1) breaking up ionic clusters, 2) fragmentation of ions, 3) stimulating ion-molecular reactions, 4 ) suppression of ion-molecular reactions.

In the case of using charged particles in the interface for transporting charged particles to the mass analyzer, the claimed device can be used, in particular, for: 1) direct and continuous or pulsed input of ions into a continuously working mass analyzer, 2) pulsed input of ions into a mass analyzer working in a pulsed mode, 3) pulsed input of ions into a mass analyzer operating in a pulsed mode by converting a continuous stream of ions into a pulsed ion stream using an orthogonal accelerator device.

The inventive device can be used in a converter of a continuous stream of ions into a discrete stream of ions.

In the case of using a continuous stream of ions in a converter to a discrete ion stream, the claimed device, in particular, can be loaded with a continuous stream of ions at the input and output a stream of discrete packets of ions at the output directly to the output device operating in a pulsed mode.

In the case of using a continuous stream of ions into a discrete ion stream in the converter in the inventive device, in particular, output discrete ion packets can be substantially synchronized in time.

In the case of using a continuous ion stream to a discrete ion stream in the converter, the claimed device, in particular, can cover several stages of differential pumping, while the gas pressure can vary significantly over the length of the said device, and the injection of ions into the said device can occur at a significantly higher pressure compared to the ion exit region and said device.

The inventive device can be used in a storage device for ions, in which the accumulation of ions occurs inside the inventive device.

In the case of using the inventive device in a storage device for ions, the inventive device can provide mass selectivity of the device.

The inventive device can be used as part of an ion source, while the generation of ions can be carried out inside the inventive device.

In the case of using the inventive device as a part of the ion source, the high-frequency fields created in the inventive device can be used for: 1) ion retention, 2) ion transport along a given path, 3) excitation of internal ion energy, 4) collisional quenching of ion velocity, 5) collisional cooling the internal energy of ions; 6) converting a discrete ion stream into a continuous or quasi-continuous ion stream; 7) protecting the solid surfaces of the source from contamination with the test substance and from accumulation The electrical charges, 8) retaining ions with opposite charges, 9) retain ions over a wide mass range, 10) the coarse ions parameter mass to charge ratio.

The inventive device can be used as part of an ion fragmentation cell, in which ions can be retained inside the inventive device due to the high-frequency electric fields of the claimed device, and ion fragmentation is caused by: 1) injecting ions into the said device with a sufficiently high kinetic energy, 2 ) ion fall on the surface of the elements of the said device, 3) bombardment of ions by fast particles, 4) illumination of ions by photons, 5) effects on ions by fast electrons, 6) subjecting the ions slow electrons and ions result in dissociation of electron capture, 7) an ion-molecule reactions with the ions of the opposite charge particles, 8) an ion-molecule reactions with aggressive action pairs.

Claims (66)

1. A device for manipulating charged particles, containing a set of electrodes located to form a channel for moving charged particles, as well as a means of power supply, providing a voltage to the electrodes, causing a non-uniform high-frequency electric field in the channel, the pseudopotential of which has one or more local extrema along the length of the channel for moving charged particles, and at least one of these extremes pseudopotential ala moves over time, at least on part of the channel length to move charged particles. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein said pseudopotential has alternating maxima and minima along the channel length for moving charged particles. 3. The device according to claim 1, in which the extremum or extrema of the pseudopotential move in time according to a given law, at least in part of the channel length. 4. The device according to claim 1, in which the direction of movement of the extremum or extrema of the pseudopotential, at least for a part of the channel length, changes sign. 5. The device according to claim 1, in which the movement of the extremum or extrema of the pseudopotential, at least in part of the channel length, has an oscillating character. 6. The device according to claim 1, in which the pseudopotential, at least at some length of the transport channel is uniform along the length of the channel. 7. The device according to claim 1, in which consecutive extrema, or only consecutive maxima, or only consecutive minimums of the pseudopotential, are monotonically increasing at least in part of the channel length. 8. The device according to claim 1, in which consecutive extrema, or only consecutive maxima, or only consecutive minima of the pseudopotential, are monotonically decreasing, at least in part of the channel length. 9. The device according to claim 1, in which the value of the pseudopotential at one or more points of the local maximum of the pseudopotential along the channel length varies. 10. The device according to claim 1, in which the value of the pseudopotential at one or more points of the local minimum of the pseudopotential along the channel length varies. 11. The device according to claim 1, in which additional electrodes are applied to the electrodes, and / or quasistatic, and / or variables, and / or pulsed, and / or high-frequency voltages, providing control of the radial confinement of charged particles in the vicinity of the channel for transporting charged particles. 12. The device according to claim 1, in which additional electrodes are applied to the electrodes, and / or quasistatic, and / or variables, and / or pulsed, and / or high-frequency voltages, which unlock and / or block the exit of charged particles through the ends of the channel for transporting charged particles. 13. The device according to claim 1, in which additional electrodes are applied to the electrodes, and / or quasistatic, and / or variables, and / or pulsed, and / or high-frequency voltages, providing control of the spatial isolation of packets of charged particles from each other along the channel length transporting charged particles. 14. The device according to claim 1, in which additional electrodes are applied to the electrodes, and / or quasistatic, and / or variables, and / or pulsed, and / or high-frequency voltages, providing control of the time synchronization of the transport of packets of charged particles. 15. The device according to claim 1, in which additional electrodes are attached to the electrodes, and / or quasistatic, and / or variables, and / or pulsed, and / or high-frequency voltages, providing additional control over the transportation of charged particles. 16. The device according to claim 1, in which additional electrodes are applied to the electrodes, and / or quasistatic, and / or variables, and / or pulsed, and / or high-frequency voltages, providing control of the movement of charged particles inside the local capture zones of charged particles. 17. The device according to claim 1, in which additional electrodes are applied to the electrodes, constant and / or quasistatic, and / or variables, and / or pulse and / or high-frequency voltages, providing the creation of additional potential or pseudopotential barriers, and / or potential or pseudopotential wells along the channel for transporting charged particles at least at one point on the channel path. 18. The device according to 17, in which the aforementioned potential or pseudopotential barriers, and / or potential or pseudopotential pits change in time or move in time along the transportation channel. 19. The device according to claim 1, in which additional constant and / or quasistatic and / or alternating and / or pulse and / or high-frequency voltages are applied to the electrodes, providing for the creation of additional stability zones and / or additional instability zones along the channel transporting charged particles at least at one point on the channel path. 20. The device according to claim 19, in which the said stability zones and / or instability zones vary in time or move in time along the transportation channel. 21. The device according to claim 1, in which additional constant and / or quasistatic and / or alternating and / or pulsed and / or high-frequency voltages are applied to the electrodes, providing selective selection of charged particles. 22. The device according to claim 1, in which additional electrodes are applied to the electrodes, and / or quasistatic, and / or variables, and / or pulsed, and / or high-frequency voltages, providing control of the significant dependence of the movement of charged particles on the mass of charged particles. 23. The device according to claim 1, in which a voltage is applied to the electrodes, the frequency of which varies. 24. The device according to claim 1, in which the channel for moving charged particles has a rectilinear orientation. 25. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the channel for moving charged particles has a curved orientation. 26. The device according to claim 1, in which the channel for moving charged particles has a variable profile along the length of the channel. 27. The device according to claim 1, in which the channel for moving charged particles is closed in a loop or ring. 28. The device according to claim 1, in which in the Central part of the channel for moving charged particles is an additional electrode or electrodes. 29. The device according to claim 1, in which the channel for moving charged particles is divided into segments. 30. The device according to claim 1, in which the channel for moving charged particles consists of several channels connected to each other, possibly separated by additional areas or devices. 31. The device according to claim 1, in which the channel for moving charged particles is formed by several parallel channels for moving charged particles, at least in part of the channel. 32. The device according to claim 1, in which the channel for moving charged particles is split into several parallel channels. 33. The device according to claim 1, in which several parallel channels for moving charged particles are connected at some point in a single channel for moving charged particles. 34. The device according to claim 1, in which the channel for moving charged particles contains a region that performs the function of the cumulative volume for charged particles located at the entrance to the channel and / or exit from the channel and / or inside the channel. 35. The device according to claim 1, in which the channel for moving charged particles is plugged at least from one of the ends. 36. The device according to clause 35, in which the channel for moving charged particles has a plug controlled by an electric field, at least from one of the ends. 37. The device according to claim 1, in which the channel for moving charged particles contains an electric field controlled mirror placed in the channel for moving charged particles from at least one of the ends. 38. The device according to claim 1, containing a device for inputting charged particles located in the channel for moving charged particles, operating in a continuous mode. 39. The device according to claim 1, containing a device for inputting charged particles located in the channel for moving charged particles, operating in a pulsed mode. 40. The device according to claim 1, containing a device for inputting charged particles located in the channel for moving charged particles, capable of switching between continuous mode and pulsed mode of operation. 41. The device according to claim 1, containing a device for outputting charged particles located in the channel for moving charged particles, operating in a continuous mode. 42. The device according to claim 1, containing a device for outputting charged particles located in the channel for moving charged particles, operating in a pulsed mode. 43. The device according to claim 1, containing a device for outputting charged particles located in the channel for moving charged particles, capable of switching between continuous mode and pulsed mode of operation. 44. The device according to claim 1, containing a device for generating charged particles located in the channel for moving charged particles, operating in a continuous mode. 45. The device according to claim 1, containing a device for generating charged particles, placed in the channel for moving charged particles, operating in a pulsed mode. 46. The device according to claim 1, containing a device for generating charged particles located in the channel for moving charged particles, capable of switching between continuous mode and pulsed mode of operation. 47. The device according to claim 1, in which, as the supply voltage, causing the creation of a non-uniform high-frequency electric field in the channel, high-frequency harmonic voltages, and / or periodic non-harmonic high-frequency voltages, and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum two or more frequencies, and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum an infinite set of frequencies, and / or high-frequency pulse voltages, to which the amplitude odulyatsiya or superposition of such stresses. 48. The device according to claim 1, in which, as the supply voltage, causing the creation of a non-uniform high-frequency electric field in the channel, high-frequency harmonic voltages, and / or periodic non-harmonic high-frequency voltages, and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum two or more than frequency, and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum an infinite set of frequencies, and / or high-frequency pulse voltages, to which the frequency ulyatsiya or superposition of such stresses. 49. The device according to claim 1, in which, as a supply voltage, causing the creation of a non-uniform high-frequency electric field in the channel, high-frequency harmonic voltages, and / or periodic non-harmonic high-frequency voltages, and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum two or more frequencies, and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum an infinite set of frequencies, and / or high-frequency pulse voltages, to which the phase mode is applied yatsiya or superposition of such stresses. 50. The device according to claim 1, in which, as the supply voltage, causing the creation of a non-uniform high-frequency electric field in the channel, high-frequency harmonic voltages and / or periodic non-harmonic high-frequency voltages and / or high-frequency voltages containing two or more frequencies, and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum an infinite set of frequencies, and / or high-frequency pulse voltages, which are characterized by two or and closer base frequencies, or a superposition of such voltages. 51. The device according to claim 1, in which, as the supply voltage, causing the creation of a non-uniform high-frequency electric field in the channel, high-frequency harmonic voltages, and / or periodic non-harmonic high-frequency voltages, and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum two or more frequencies, and / or high-frequency voltages containing in their frequency spectrum an infinite set of frequencies, and / or high-frequency pulse voltages, which are turned into a synchronizer Temporal trains of high-frequency voltages, or a superposition of such voltages. 52. The device according to claim 1, in which, as the supply voltage, causing the creation of a non-uniform high-frequency electric field in the channel, high-frequency voltages synthesized digitally are used. 53. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of electrodes is a periodically repeated electrodes. 54. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of electrodes is periodically repeated cascades of electrodes, while the configuration of the electrodes in a separate cascade is not necessarily periodic. 55. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that some or all of the electrodes can be solid, while the remaining electrodes or part of the remaining electrodes break up into a periodic sequence of elements. 56. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that high frequency voltages may not be applied to some electrodes. 57. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the combination of electrodes some or all of the electrodes have a multipole profile. 58. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the aggregate of electrodes, some or all of the electrodes have a roughened multipole profile formed by flat, stepped, piecewise-stepped, linear, piecewise-linear, circular, rounded, piecewise-rounded, curved, piecewise - curved profiles or a combination of these profiles. 59. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the combination of electrodes some or all of the electrodes are thin metal films deposited on a non-conductive substrate. 60. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the combination of electrodes some or all of the electrodes are wire and / or grid and / or have cuts and / or other additional holes making them transparent to the gas flow or reducing the resistance provided by the electrodes to the flow gas. 61. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a vacuum is created in the channel for moving charged particles. 62. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the channel for moving charged particles is filled with a neutral and / or (partially) ionized gas. 63. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the channel for moving charged particles a stream of neutral and / or (partially) ionized gas is created. 64. The device according to claim 1, in which some or all of the electrodes have slots and / or holes intended for input into the device and / or output from the device of charged particles. 65. The device according to claim 1, in which the gap between the electrodes is used to input charged particles into the device and / or output from the device. 66. The device according to claim 1, in which at least a part of the electrodes, at least at some time interval, additional impulse or step voltages are applied, causing input to the device and / or output from the device, and / or locking inside the device of charged particles.