RU112343U1 - BOILER INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Abstract

A boiler plant containing a furnace with a screen evaporating surface, in which the burners of the first and second tiers are installed on the front wall, a drum, a horizontal gas duct in which a superheater is located, the stages of which are connected to the first and second interstage desuperheaters, a downcomer duct, an economizer, a temperature control system superheated steam, including the main temperature sensor of the superheated steam, electrically connected to the first and second interstage desuperheaters, characterized in that each burner of the first and second tiers is configured to regulate and control heating capacity depending on the temperature of the superheated steam and has the ability to supply fuel separately and separate air supply, while the superheated steam temperature control system is equipped with an additional steam superheat temperature sensor, electrically connected to an additionally introduced steam superheat regulator, each g the eagle of the first and second tiers is connected to the additionally introduced fuel supply regulators of the first and second tiers, respectively, the air supply regulators of the first and second tiers, respectively, which, in turn, are connected to the additionally introduced fuel and air mixture supply regulators of the first and second tiers, respectively, which connected to the steam superheat regulator.

Description

The utility model relates to the production of thermal energy at thermal power plants in the form of superheated steam by chamber combustion of gaseous and liquid fuels in a furnace using burner devices.

The TGM-84A boiler plant for producing superheated steam is known, which contains a shielded firebox in which burners, a drum, a horizontal gas duct are installed on the front side, in which superheater steps are connected connected with interstage desuperheaters, a steam superheat temperature sensor, a lowering gas duct and an economizer (Meiklyar M .V. Modern boiler units TKZ. - M .: Energy, 1978, p. 86). The required value of steam overheating with increasing steam temperature is maintained by injection of condensate into the desuperheaters, and with a drop in overheating, by reducing the excess air supplied to the burners and increasing the draft of the exhaust fan.

The disadvantages of the well-known boiler installation:

1. The excessive consumption of fuel while maintaining the required temperature of superheated steam due to the operation of desuperheaters.

2. The excessive consumption of electricity associated with the work at a low coefficient of performance (COP) of the blower fan and smoke exhaust, when raising the superheat of steam.

The excessive consumption of fuel is associated with the operation of desuperheaters during the injection of condensate into superheated steam. Condensate is injected into superheated steam to reduce the high temperature of steam, which can cause thermal destruction of the metal of the steam turbine blades. The low temperature of superheated steam leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the steam turbine and, as a result, to excessive consumption of fuel during power generation.

The excessive consumption of electricity is associated with the regulation of performance, in particular, with a decrease in the productivity of the blower fan and the exhaust fan when turning the blades of the inlet guide vane. The rotation of the blades changes the flow of air and flue gases through the boiler unit when the load changes. An increase in the angle of rotation of the blades with respect to the suction gas flow leads to a decrease in the flow of air or flue gases through a blower fan or smoke exhaust. Simultaneously with an increase in the angle of rotation of the blades, the efficiency of the blower fan and the exhaust fan decreases. Energy boilers are balanced draft boilers. Therefore, among other things, it is necessary to coordinate the amount of air supplied to the burner with the amount of exhausted combustion products. Otherwise, the flame will knock out through inspection hatches and leaks or, conversely, there will be excess air suction into the furnace.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to develop a boiler plant design that eliminates fuel overruns by eliminating the use of desuperheaters to lower the temperature of superheated steam and eliminating energy losses by eliminating the performance control of the blower fan and smoke exhaust.

The technical result is achieved in that in a boiler installation containing a firebox with a screen evaporating surface, in which burners of the first and second tiers are installed on the front wall, a drum, a horizontal gas duct in which a superheater is located, the steps of which are connected to the first and second interstage desuperheaters, gas duct, economizer, superheated steam temperature control system, including the main steam superheat temperature sensor, connected by electrical connection to the first and second spacing By starting with a desuperheater, according to the proposed utility model, each burner of the first and second tiers is made with the possibility of regulating and controlling the heat output depending on the temperature of the superheated steam and has the possibility of separate fuel supply and separate air supply, while the superheated steam temperature control system is equipped with an additional superheat temperature sensor steam, electrically connected to an additionally introduced steam superheater controller, each burner being the first o and the second tier is connected to additionally introduced fuel supply regulators, respectively, of the first and second tier, air supply regulators, respectively, of the first and second tier, which, in turn, are connected to additionally introduced fuel and air mixture supply regulators, respectively, of the first and second tier, which are connected with steam overheat control.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section of the proposed boiler plant with its main elements and their functional relationships; figure 2 - section aa in figure 1 (horizontal section of the shielded firebox at the level of the burners of the first tier); figure 3 shows a view of B in figure 1 (view of the front wall of the shielded furnace at the level of the burners of the first and second tiers).

The numbers in the drawings indicate the following positions:

1-firebox;

2-burners of the first tier;

3-burners of the second tier;

4-screen evaporation surface;

5-drum;

6-horizontal flue;

7, 8, 9, 10 - respectively the first, second, third, fourth stages of a superheater;

11, 12, respectively, the first and second interstage desuperheaters;

13-core steam superheat temperature sensor; 14-down gas duct;

15-economizer;

16-additional steam superheat temperature sensor;

17-regulator of superheat of steam;

18-regulator of the mixture of fuel and air of the second tier;

19-regulator of air supply of the second tier;

20-regulator of fuel supply of the second tier;

21-regulator for the supply of a mixture of fuel and air of the first tier;

22-regulator of air supply of the first tier;

23-regulator of fuel supply of the first tier.

The boiler installation contains a furnace 1 with screen evaporation surfaces 4, in which burners 2, 3, respectively, of the first and second tiers, a drum 5, a horizontal gas duct 6, in which four stages 7, 8, 9, 10 of a superheater are connected, are connected, connected with the first 11 and second 12 interstage desuperheaters, a downcomer 14, an economizer 15, a superheated steam temperature control system, including a main steam superheat temperature sensor 13 connected by electrical connection to the first 11 and second Eye 12 interstage desuperheater.

The boiler installation is characterized in that each burner 2 and 3 of the first and second tier, respectively, is made with the possibility of regulating and controlling the heat output depending on the temperature of the superheated steam and has the possibility of separate fuel supply and separate air supply.

To this end, the superheated steam temperature control system is equipped with an additional steam superheat temperature sensor 16, which is connected by electrical communication with the steam superheat controller 17. The boiler plant further comprises fuel supply controllers 23 and 20, respectively, of the first and second tiers, air supply controllers 22 and 19, respectively, of the first and second tiers, fuel and air mixers 21 and 18, respectively, of the first and second tiers, a steam superheat controller 17.

Each burner 2 and 3, respectively, of the first and second tier is connected with the regulators 23 and 20 of the fuel supply, respectively, of the first and second tier, as well as with the regulators 22 and 19 of the air supply, respectively, of the first and second tier. The regulators 23, 22 and 20, 19, in turn, are connected to the regulators 21 and 18 of the mixture of fuel and air, respectively, of the first and second tier.

The controllers 21 and 18 of the fuel-air mixture are connected to the steam superheater controller 17.

Thus, for each burner, a fuel and air mixture supply regulator is installed, and separate fuel supply regulators, as well as separate air supply regulators, connected by an electrical connection to regulate and control the heat output of each burner depending on the temperature of superheated steam according to the program of the steam superheat controller according to the electric signal coming from an additional steam superheat temperature sensor.

The boiler installation works as follows.

With the same steam production, when the temperature of the superheated steam changes, the electric signal from the sensor 16 is fed to the steam superheater controller 17, from which two electric signals are transmitted according to the program. One of them goes to the regulators 18 for supplying a mixture of fuel and air of the second tier, which have separate control of valves with electric actuators of the fuel supply regulators 20 and air supply regulators 19 of each burner 3 of the second tier.

When the temperature of superheated steam rises, the shutters are covered by electric valves of the fuel supply regulators 20 and air supply regulators 19 in each burner 3 of the second tier. Simultaneously with the steam superheat controller 17, an electric signal is supplied to the regulators 21 for supplying a mixture of fuel and air of the first tier and the valves are opened with electric actuators of the fuel supply regulators 23 and air supply regulators 22 in each burner 2 of the first tier. Due to the shift of the zone of the greatest heat emission down to the bottom of the boiler installation, the screen evaporation surfaces 4 of the furnace receive more thermal energy. The amount of generated wet steam in the screen evaporation surfaces 4 increases, which enters the drum 5 of the boiler installation. Steam with high moisture content from the drum 5 is sequentially in the stages 7, 8, 9, 10 of the superheater and the temperature of the superheated steam decreases.

In the case of a decrease in the temperature of superheated steam at the same load of the boiler plant using the steam superheater controller 17, the proportion of the supplied fuel and air to the burners 3 of the second tier increases. In this case, the temperature of the exhaust products from the combustion chamber rises, the amount of thermal energy perceived by steps 7, 8, 9, 10 of the superheater increases, and the temperature of the superheated steam rises as a result.

The sensor 13 and desuperheaters 11 and 12 are used to emergency lower the temperature of the superheat of steam.

Using the proposed utility model will eliminate the overspending of fuel by eliminating the use of desuperheaters to lower the temperature of superheated steam and eliminate energy losses by eliminating the regulation of the performance of the blower fan and smoke exhaust.

Claims (1)

A boiler plant containing a furnace with a screen evaporation surface in which burners of the first and second tiers are installed on the front wall, a drum, a horizontal flue, in which a superheater is located, the steps of which are connected to the first and second interstage desuperheaters, a lowering flue, an economizer, a temperature control system superheated steam, including the main temperature sensor for superheating steam, connected by electrical connection with the first and second interstage desuperheaters, characterized Ie, that each burner of the first and second tiers is made with the possibility of regulating and controlling the heating capacity depending on the temperature of the superheated steam and has the possibility of separate fuel supply and separate air supply, while the superheated steam temperature control system is equipped with an additional steam superheat temperature sensor, connected by an electrical connection with an additionally introduced steam superheat control, each burner of the first and second tiers connected to additionally introduced Knob fuel supply respectively the first and second tiers, the air supply controllers of the first and second layer, which in turn are connected to further introduced regulators fuel mixture and the air, respectively the first and second tiers, which are connected with the controller superheating.