RU110947U1 - DEVICE FOR DETERMINING ARTERIAL PRESSURE OF BLOOD VISCOSITY AND HEMATOCRITIS - Google Patents

Abstract

 A device for determining blood pressure, blood viscosity and hematocrit, consisting of an analyzer with several inputs and outputs, a pneumatic pump, a pneumatic cuff, a pressure sensor and an indicator, the analyzer output connected to the input of the pneumatic pump, the output of which is connected to the input of the pneumatic cuff, pneumatic output the cuff is connected to the input of the pressure sensor, the output of which is connected to the input of the analyzer, the output of the analyzer is connected to the input of the indicator, characterized in that it additionally It is equipped with a second pneumatic pump, a second pneumatic cuff, two pulse wave recorders, an analog-to-digital converter, an electronic curvimeter, the analyzer output connected to the input of the second pneumatic pump, the output of which is connected to the input of the second pneumatic cuff, the outputs of the pulse wave recorders are connected to the analog input a digital converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the analyzer, the output of the electronic curvimeter is connected to the input of the analyzer, paired with an indicator.

Description

The proposed device relates to medicine and can be used for non-invasive determination of blood pressure, blood viscosity and hematocrit.

Atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension are the main causes of cardiovascular mortality in the economically developed countries.

Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Russia is 56-61%. More than a million people die of cardiovascular diseases in Russia annually.

All patients with atherosclerosis, without exception, need conservative therapy. However, it is extremely difficult to determine the indications and timing of preventive treatment. Particular difficulties arise in patients with preclinical, low-symptomatic forms of vascular insufficiency. Often the first clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis in patients with an asymptomatic course is coronary or carotid artery thrombosis with irreparable consequences. As a rule, these are young men of the most socially active groups of the population.

The most effective and cost-effective is the primary prevention of heart and vascular diseases, including the fight against the main risk factors, as well as the early detection of people from high cardiovascular risk groups.

The most important factor in cardiovascular risk is an increase in blood pressure.

For non-invasive control of blood pressure, automatic tonometers of various designs are currently widely used. All of them contain a pneumatic cuff placed on a limb, a pneumatic pump for pumping air into the cuff, a pressure sensor, an analyzer and an indicator (Eman A.A. Biophysical fundamentals of measuring blood pressure, L., 1983).

The drawback of the automatic tonometers used today is the inability to control indicators characterizing the rheological properties of blood.

One of the most important conditions for a favorable outcome for the treatment of a patient with atherosclerosis is the timely detection and adequate correction of violations of the rheological properties of blood.

The main indicators characterizing the rheological properties of blood, significantly affecting microcirculatory blood flow, are blood viscosity and hematocrit.

An increase in blood viscosity and hematocrit is the cause of an increase in peripheral vascular resistance, a decrease in venous return and, as a result, a decrease in cardiac output, transient hypertension.

An increase in the viscosity of blood and hematocrit is accompanied by a decrease in volumetric main blood flow, which leads to functional insufficiency of various organs, a breakdown of compensatory capabilities, as well as reserves of coronary and cerebral circulation.

Increased blood pressure, as well as pathological changes in blood viscosity and hematocrit, are the basis for the onset and development of severe complications of heart and vascular diseases - myocardial infarction, stroke, gangrene of the limb.

Simultaneous non-invasive monitoring of blood pressure, blood viscosity and hematocrit significantly expands the possibilities of timely diagnosis of cardiovascular risk, allocation of dispensary observation groups, as well as determining the timing and monitoring the adequacy of preventive treatment.

Known previously proposed by us device for determining the viscosity of blood and hematocrit (utility model patent No. 5400, No. 59390).

However, devices that can simultaneously determine blood pressure, blood viscosity and hematocrit do not currently exist.

We first proposed a device that allows you to measure blood pressure, blood viscosity and hematocrit.

A diagram of a device for determining blood pressure, blood viscosity and hematocrit is presented in figure 1, where:

1. The analyzer.

2. Pressure sensor.

3. Pneumatic cuff.

4. Pneumatic cuff.

5. Pneumatic pump.

6. Pneumatic pump.

7. The pulse wave recorder of the main artery.

8. The registrar of the pulse wave of the main artery.

9. An analog-to-digital converter.

10. Electronic curvimeter.

11. Indicator.

The analyzer is the main control and computing element of the developed device. Based on the data on the amplitude, duration of the trailing edge of the pulse wave, its propagation velocity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, the analyzer calculates blood viscosity and hematocrit by mathematical processing of the data.

The device operates as follows; the pulse wave recorder [7] is located in the projection of the main artery under the pneumatic cuff [3] at the proximal level of the limb (figure 1).

The pulse wave recorder [8] is located in the projection of the main artery under the pneumatic cuff [4] at the distal level of the limb.

Pneumatic cuffs [3] and [4] press the pulse wave recorders [7] and [8] to the limb and prevent their displacement.

After the location of the pulse wave recorders [7] and [8] under the pneumatic cuffs [3] and [4], the device is activated.

The analyzer control signals start the pneumatic pump [6], air is pumped into the distally located pneumatic cuff [4], which fixes the pulse wave recorder [8] located on the distal section of the main limb artery.

A pneumatic pump [6] pumps air into a distally located pneumatic cuff [4] until optimal conditions are created for recording the amplitude and duration of the pulse wave decline by a recorder [8] fixed in the projection of the main artery at the distal level of the limb.

The pressure in the distal pneumatic cuff [4], fixing the distal pulse wave recorder [8] is kept at a sufficient level, individual for each patient, necessary for the stable registration of several cycles of the pulse wave.

Electrical signals in the form of a pulse wave from the output of the pulse wave recorder [8] are transmitted to the input of an analog-to-digital converter [9], converted to digital form and transmitted to the input of the analyzer [1] for processing and storage.

The analyzer [1] measures the amplitude of the pulse wave, the duration of its trailing edge, the pulse rate, provides control signals, and the pneumatic pump begins to work [5].

Air is pumped into a pneumatic cuff [3], located at the proximal level of the limb, under this cuff is a pulse wave recorder [7]. The pneumatic cuff [3] is connected to a pressure sensor [2], which continuously sends signals to the analyzer [1] about the pressure level in the cuff [3], located at the proximal level of the limb.

The analyzer [1] stops the operation of the pneumatic pump [5] when the main artery is clamped by the cuff [3] located at the proximal level of the limb.

The control signals of the analyzer [1] of the pneumatic pump [5] provide slow air bleeding from the pneumatic cuff [3].

The pressure sensor [2] registers and continuously transmits to the analyzer [1] information about the change in pressure in the cuff [3] located at the proximal level of the limb.

With slow air bleeding from the cuff [3], compression of the main artery is eliminated, blood begins to flow into the distal extremities.

The pulse wave recorder of the main artery [7], located under the proximal cuff [3], registers the first pulse wave, as well as the change in the amplitude of the pulse wave, the duration of its trailing edge with a decrease in pressure in the proximal cuff [3].

Information from the pulse wave recorder [7] through the analog-to-digital converter [9] enters the analyzer [1].

The last stage of the study is the measurement of the distance between the pulse wave recorders [7] and [8] with an electronic curvimeter [10].

The information received by the analyzer [1] from the electronic curvimeter [10] is a signal to the analyzer [1] to start processing all the received data.

After 4-5 seconds of mathematical processing of the obtained data, the analyzer [1] gives the indicator [11] information on the systolic, diastolic pressure of the patient (mmHg), heart rate (beats per minute), blood viscosity (rel. Units) hematocrit (%).

After the process of measuring and calculating the parameters is completed, the analyzer [1] saves information, provides control signals to the pneumatic pumps [5] and [6], providing complete air bleeding from the cuffs [3] and [4].

The device saves the received data, ready for a new cycle of work.

The whole process from the beginning of the application of pneumatic cuffs [3] and [4] at two levels of the limb and placement under the cuffs [3] and [4] in the projection of the main arteries of the pulse wave recorders [7] and [8] to the end of the measurement and bleeding process air from the cuffs [3] and [4] takes no more than two minutes (figure 1).

To determine the error in measuring blood pressure, blood viscosity and hematocrit, measurements of these parameters were carried out in 140 patients using standard recognized methods and using the developed device.

Blood pressure was measured with an Omron MX2 Basic automatic blood pressure monitor.

Blood viscosity was measured using a VK-4 capillary hemoviscimeter. The use of this device is widespread in clinical practice. The device allows you to determine the viscosity of blood in relative units by comparison with the viscosity of distilled water.

The hematocrit was investigated by a centrifuge method using a CM-70 hematocrit centrifuge.

Studies have shown that the results of measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure by the developed device correspond to the data obtained using an Omron MX2 Basic automatic tonometer.

The error in measuring the viscosity of blood and hematocrit using the developed device in comparison with standard invasive methods does not exceed 3%.

The introduction of the developed device into clinical practice will allow a non-invasive determination of blood pressure, blood viscosity and hematocrit, both in stationary and at home.

The early detection of arterial hypertension, as well as the hyperviscosity syndrome characteristic of angiological patients, will allow one to purposefully isolate preclinical forms of vascular diseases and timely correct blood pressure and hyperviscosity. This will reduce the number of patients with severe complications of vascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic gangrene of the limb.

Early detection of the onset of exacerbation of heart and vascular diseases will significantly increase the effectiveness of preventive treatment measures.

The introduction of the developed device for determining blood pressure, blood viscosity and hematocrit into clinical practice allows approaching the problem of prevention of heart and vascular diseases from fundamentally new non-invasive positions, as well as improving the results of treatment of patients.

The introduction of the developed device into clinical practice is the most important link in the implementation of the National Healthcare Development Program of Russia.

Claims (1)

A device for determining blood pressure, blood viscosity and hematocrit, consisting of an analyzer with several inputs and outputs, a pneumatic pump, a pneumatic cuff, a pressure sensor and an indicator, the analyzer output connected to the input of the pneumatic pump, the output of which is connected to the input of the pneumatic cuff, pneumatic output the cuff is connected to the input of the pressure sensor, the output of which is connected to the input of the analyzer, the output of the analyzer is connected to the input of the indicator, characterized in that it additionally It is equipped with a second pneumatic pump, a second pneumatic cuff, two pulse wave recorders, an analog-to-digital converter, an electronic curvimeter, the analyzer output connected to the input of the second pneumatic pump, the output of which is connected to the input of the second pneumatic cuff, the outputs of the pulse wave recorders are connected to the analog input a digital converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the analyzer, the output of the electronic curvimeter is connected to the input of the analyzer, paired with an indicator.