RU110638U1 - NAVIGATION DEVICE FOR ORIENTATION OF THE BLIND - Google Patents

Abstract

 A navigation device for orienting the blind, comprising an acoustic signal emitting unit, a calculation unit, characterized in that an acoustic signal receiving and recording unit, a decision unit, a factographic database unit, a message selection unit, an audio indication unit, a request input, an input are inputted therein signal recording time parameter, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, indication parameter input, query parameter input, and! the request input is connected to the first input of the acoustic signal emission unit and to the first input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the signal recording time parameter input is the second input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit,! the input of the receive parameter is connected to the third input of the unit for receiving and recording an acoustic signal,! the threshold input is the second input of the decision block,! the input of the radiation parameter is the second input of the acoustic signal emission unit,! the signal input is connected to the third input of the acoustic signal emission unit,! the input of the display parameter is the second input of the sound display unit,! the input of the query parameter is connected to the input of the factographic database block and to the third input of the sound indication block,! the output of the message selection block is connected to the first input of the sound indication block,! the output of the acoustic signal emission unit is connected to the fourth input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the calculation unit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the decision unit, the output of the unit is a factographic database

Description

The utility model relates to the field of medical equipment devices - technical means for navigation and orientation of the blind. The preferred field of application of the device is the determination by blind people by ear of the room in which they are located for previously known buildings, which provides them with the possibility of independent orientation in an unfamiliar building.

A device is proposed that allows a blind user to determine their location by analyzing the reflected acoustic signal (i.e., to determine by hearing the room in which the user is located) along the route indoors (structures, buildings) for independent movement of the user in an unfamiliar (but known) place for him the building. This device is intended for use in the process of inclusive education of blind students and pupils during their stay in the buildings and structures of educational institutions.

The main idea of the work of the device proposed by the authors is that to determine the room (structure) along the user's path, acoustic waves are used (see, for example, [34, 35, 36]) and others) from an audible frequency range that can propagate in air environment and reflected from objects and objects of sufficient density. Moreover, the distortion of such reflection directly depends on the properties, structure and location of the reflecting surfaces. The use of the audible range is due to the fact that in many modern devices, such as a PDA or smartphone, there are built-in transceiver electrodynamic converters operating in the audible frequency range.

The operation of the device in order to determine the room (structure) is as follows: the user indicates to the device the building (for example, enters its unique number) into which he entered, then the transmitter (i.e., the acoustic signal emission unit) of the device delivers a model acoustic signal in audible the frequency range in the room, on the user's path with the device, which is then reflected from objects (obstacles) located around the device and registered by the receiver (i.e., the receiving unit and acoustic signal recording) of the device.

It is assumed that the moment of supply of the model signal to is known, and, therefore, determine the moment of return of the reflected acoustic signal t ₁ to the point of its supply. Record the returned signal and compare it with the existing template (image, pattern) recorded for each room and stored, for example, in a factual database (FWD). For rooms that are different in structure and materials of decoration, such patterns (images, i.e. acoustic portraits of the room, represented, for example, by vector A) will be different due to differences in the processes of propagation, absorption, attenuation and reflection of sound (acoustic signal).

The device registers the reflected acoustic signal, and then converts it into digital form (vector R) for subsequent processing by the device.

Since the presence of noise (voices, music and other sounds) is possible in the audible range of frequencies in inhabited rooms, the mathematical apparatus (wavelet transform) is used to determine the room, which allows reducing the influence of various distortions.

Obtaining a room image in the form of vector A from the original vector R in the claimed device relies on wavelet transform signals well known in digital processing (see [47, 50-59] and others).

To calculate the wavelet coefficients, the well-known iterative Mall algorithm is used [47, p.207].

The signal obtained after processing (i.e., vector A) is compared with patterns from the FWA for various rooms represented by a matrix of patterns (images) of rooms for a given building. For this comparison, the well-known Euclidean metric is used (the distance between points in n-dimensional space [49, p. 75]):

,

where j is the component number of the vector, i is the number of the pattern in the FWD, B is the dimension of the vectors A = ( a ₀ , ..., and _j , ..., and _B-1 ) and z _i = (z _i0 , ..., z _ij , ... , z _iB-1 ) where - a matrix of patterns (images) of premises for a given building stored in the FBD (each building has its own matrix )

The minimum distance corresponds to the closest pattern (the image of a particular room in the building selected by the user). Further, knowing the room already, the scoring of this result in the claimed device is performed.

Further we will also rely on works [31, 32, 33].

Known invention [1] "Compass for the blind" (CL IPC A61F 9/08), which is a device containing a photodetector, sound transducer, amplifier, light source, magnetic needle.

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, using the sound transducer and amplifier only partially realize the possibility of sound indication, i.e. partially implement the claimed device: sound indication unit.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and it does not allow to fully realize the sound indication unit, and also does not allow to realize the acoustic signal emission unit, the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the calculation unit, the decision unit, the factographic unit database, select the message block, ie, it does not allow to emit, receive and record an acoustic signal, perform the necessary calculations, make decisions on the results of processing, access the factual database (FBD), calculate (recognize) the premises in the building, perform a full sound indication and output the result of the proposed device , and as a result of this, it is not possible to determine (recognize) the premises of blind people by ear in a building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (blind).

Also known is an invention [2] A “navigation device” comprising a computing device, an indication unit, an angular orientation sensor, a step length measuring unit, two comparators.

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, using the display unit to partially realize the possibility of sound indication and using the computing device and comparators to partially realize the ability to perform the necessary calculations, i.e. partially implement the claimed device: a sound indication unit and a calculation unit.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and it does not allow to fully implement the sound indication unit and the calculation unit, and also does not allow to realize the acoustic signal emission unit, the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the decision unit, the factographic unit I have a database, select a message block, ie, it does not allow emitting, receiving and recording an acoustic signal, perform all necessary calculations, make decisions on the results of processing, access the factual database (FBD), calculate (recognize) the premises in the building, perform a full sound indication and output the result of the proposed work devices, and as a result of this, it is not possible to determine (recognize) rooms by blind people by ear in a building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (blind).

Also known is a useful model [3], "The blind orientation system" (class IPC A61F 9/08), containing a track with an orienting profile in the form of multidirectional slopes such that a horizontal section is located between the multidirectional slopes.

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, using the track to perform the orientation of the blind, i.e. partially implement the claimed device in terms of the possibility of orientation of the blind not through hearing.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and it does not allow to realize a sound indication unit, an acoustic signal emission unit, an acoustic signal reception and recording unit, a calculation unit, a decision unit, a factographic database unit, a message selection unit, i.e. it doesn’t allow you to emit, receive and record an acoustic signal, perform the necessary calculations, make decisions based on the processing results, access the factographic database (FBD), calculate (recognize) the rooms in the building, perform sound indications and output the results of the proposed device, and how the consequence of this does not allow the determination (recognition) of rooms by blind people by ear in a building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (blind).

Another invention [4], "A Guide for the Blind" (class IPC A61F 9/08) is also known, which describes a device containing various blocks, as well as an optical unit containing a photodetector, a magnetic compass, the scale of which is indicated by sound vibrations, infrared emitter, laser emitter, sound pedometer, OR-NOT elements, volume control, logarithmic unit, sound generator and sound transducer, pulse generator, signal conversion unit, pulse shaper and code generator.

This device (unlike the claimed device) as a whole allows you to solve a completely different problem - to independently move in an unfamiliar area for the visually impaired (in this device it is assumed that a person is blind and moves precisely on the ground (i.e. not indoors), but in the claimed device, the person (user) blind moves only indoors; also the claimed device uses a laser emitter, and not radiation of an acoustic signal).

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, using the OR-NOT elements to implement calculations using the volume control, logarithmic unit, sound generator and sound transducer, pulse generator, signal conversion unit, pulse shaper and code generator to realize partially sound indication, i.e. only partially implement the claimed device: calculation unit, sound indication unit.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and it does not allow to fully implement the calculation unit and the sound indication unit, and also does not allow to realize the acoustic signal emission unit, the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the decision unit, the factographic unit I have a database, select a message block, ie, it does not allow emitting, receiving and recording an acoustic signal, perform all necessary calculations, make decisions on the results of processing, access the factual database (FBD), calculate (recognize) the premises in the building, perform a full sound indication and output the result of the proposed work devices, and as a result of this, it is not possible to determine (recognize) rooms by blind people by ear in a building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (blind).

Another invention [5] is also known “Method of blind orientation and device for its implementation" (CL IPC A61F 9/08), which presents a device containing different blocks, as well as blind head phones, sound frequency generator, photosensitive receiver.

This device (unlike the claimed device) as a whole allows you to solve a completely different problem - by placing an optical-electronic device between the blind and the observed scene, with the help of which the change in the illumination of the scene is converted into proportional frequency-changing sound signals through two channels and direct them to the head telephones of a blind person who judges the appearance, presence and disappearance of an object on the stage by changing the sound signal.

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, using the sound transducer and amplifier only partially realize the possibility of sound indication, i.e. partially implement the claimed device: sound indication unit.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and it does not allow to fully realize the sound indication unit, and also does not allow to realize the acoustic signal emission unit, the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the calculation unit, the decision unit, the factographic unit database, select the message block, ie, it does not allow to emit, receive and record an acoustic signal, perform the necessary calculations, make decisions on the results of processing, access the factual database (FBD), calculate (recognize) the premises in the building, perform a full sound indication and output the result of the proposed device , and as a result of this, it is not possible to determine (recognize) the premises of blind people by ear in a building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (blind).

Also known is a useful model [6], “A device for orienting the blind” (class IPC A61F 9/08), which contains different blocks, as well as a radio transmitter, radio receiver, radio transmitter antenna, digital storage device, digital-to-analog converter (DAC), decoder, electro-acoustic transducer, amplifier, components of the block of voice alerts.

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, using a digital storage device, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a decoder, an electro-acoustic converter, an amplifier that make up the voice warning unit, partially realize the elements for the ability to perform the required sound indication, those. partially implement the claimed device: a fragment of the necessary block sound indication.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and it does not allow to fully realize the sound indication unit, and also does not allow to realize the acoustic signal emission unit, the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the calculation unit, the decision unit, the factographic unit database, select the message block, ie, it does not allow to emit, receive and record an acoustic signal, perform the necessary calculations, make decisions on the results of processing, access the factual database (FBD), calculate (recognize) the premises in the building, perform a full sound indication and output the result of the proposed device , and as a result of this, it is not possible to determine (recognize) the premises of blind people by ear in a building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (blind).

Also known device [7] "Device for the orientation of the blind" (class IPC A61F 9/08), containing different blocks, as well as glasses, a zoned lens made in the form of a hologram of a Fresnel lens, a transmitting emitter with focusing elements, a receiving unit, a threshold unit, an alarm unit, made in the form of a transducer of an electrical signal into an acoustic or tactile signal.

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, with the help of a transmitting emitter with focusing elements, partially realize elements for the possibility of emitting an acoustic signal, with the help of a receiving unit, partially realize elements for the possibility of receiving an acoustic signal using a threshold block partially implement the elements for the ability to perform a comparison with the threshold (for the message selection block), using the signaling block, made in the form of eobrazovatelya electrical signal into an acoustic sound indication to implement partial, i.e. as a result, only partially implement the claimed device: an acoustic signal emitting unit, an acoustic signal receiving unit, a message selection unit, an audio indication unit.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and It does not allow to fully realize the acoustic signal emission unit, the acoustic signal reception unit, the message selection unit, the sound indication unit, and also does not allow to implement the calculation unit, the decision unit, the fa unit tograficheskaya database, ie it does not allow in full (as required in the claimed device) to emit, receive and record an acoustic signal, perform sound indication, as well as perform all necessary calculations, make decisions on the results of processing, access the factual database (FWD), calculate (recognize ) premises in the building and to output the result of the proposed device, and as a result of this does not allow to determine (recognize) the premises by blind people by ear in the building along the way for navigation of the visually impaired (blind).

Also known is a useful model [8], "A device for determining fake handwritten documents in Russian," containing different blocks, as well as a block for calculating a decisive function, a decision block, a threshold comparison unit, a switching unit, an indication unit.

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, using the decision function calculator to partially implement some necessary calculations, use the decision block to implement decision making, and to partially implement the elements using the threshold comparison unit and the switching unit in order to be able to make the required message selection, using the display unit to partially implement the elements for being able to perform the required sound indication, i.e. only partially implement the claimed device: a fragment of a calculation unit, a fragment of a necessary decision block, a fragment of a necessary message selection block, a fragment of a necessary sound indication block.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and it does not allow to fully implement the calculation unit, decision block, message selection unit, sound indication unit, and also does not allow to realize the acoustic signal emission unit, the acoustic signal reception and recording unit a, a factographic database block, i.e. it does not allow emitting, receiving and recording an acoustic signal, perform all necessary calculations, make necessary decisions on the results of processing, access the factual database (FWD), calculate (recognize) the rooms in the building, perform the necessary sound indication and output the result of the proposed device , and as a consequence of this, it is not possible to determine (recognize) the premises of blind people by ear in a building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (blind) .

Known invention [9] "Device for orienting the blind" (CL IPC A61F 9/08), which is a device containing a threshold unit, indicator, transmitter, receiver.

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, using the threshold block to compare with the threshold and thereby partially implement the message selection block, use the indicator to transmit information to the user and thereby partially implement the sound indication block, those. partially implement the claimed device: a message selection unit, a sound indication unit, an acoustic signal emission unit, an acoustic signal reception and recording unit.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and it does not allow to fully implement the message selection unit, the sound indication unit, the acoustic signal emission unit, the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, and also does not allow to implement the calculation unit, the decision unit , block factographic database, i.e. does not allow (as required in the claimed device) to emit, receive and record an acoustic signal, perform all necessary calculations, make decisions on the results of processing, access the factographic database (FWD), calculate (recognize) rooms in the building, perform the necessary sound indication and to output the result of the proposed device, and as a result of this does not allow to determine (recognize) the premises by blind people by ear in the building along the route for navigation uu the visually impaired (blind).

Another invention [10] is known "Device for the spatial orientation of blind people" (class IPC A61F 9/08 and G02C 1/00), which is a device containing different blocks (elements), as well as a photoelectric converter, current outputs, membrane .

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely - for example, using a photoelectric converter, current outputs, a membrane, partially realize the elements to be able to perform the required sound indication, i.e. only partially implement the claimed device: a small fragment of the necessary block sound indication.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and it does not allow to fully realize the sound indication unit, and also does not allow to realize the acoustic signal emission unit, the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the calculation unit, the decision unit, the factographic unit database, select the message block, ie, it does not allow emitting, receiving and recording an acoustic signal, perform the necessary calculations, make decisions on the results of processing, access the factographic database (FBD), calculate (recognize) the premises in the building, fully perform the necessary sound indication and output the result of the proposed work devices, and as a result of this, it is not possible to determine (recognize) rooms by blind people by ear in a building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (blind).

Another invention is also known [11] "A device for the acoustic presentation of spatial information for the visually impaired" (class IPC A61F 9/08 and A61F 9/00), comprising a signal generator, radiation path amplifier, transmitter, ultrasonic transducers, analog-to-digital converters (ADC), memory units, delay unit, headphones.

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, using the signal generator, radiation path amplifier, transmitter, partially realize the acoustic signal emission unit, partially use the sound indication unit with the help of headphones, using ultrasonic transducers, analog -digital converters, memory blocks, delay block partially realize the reception of an acoustic signal, i.e. to partially implement the claimed device: an acoustic signal reception and recording unit, an acoustic signal emission unit, an audio indication unit.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and it does not allow in full (as required in the claimed device) to realize a block for receiving and recording an acoustic signal, a block for emitting an acoustic signal, a block for sound indication, and also does not allow to implement a block for calculating, b decision lock, factographic database block, message selection block, i.e. it does not allow emitting, receiving and recording an acoustic signal, perform the necessary calculations, make decisions based on the processing results, access the factual database (FBD), calculate (recognize) the premises in the building, fully perform the necessary sound indication and output the proposed work result devices, and as a result of this, it is not possible to determine (recognize) rooms by blind people by ear in a building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (blind).

A useful model [12] "Device for orienting the blind" (class IPC A61F 9/08) is also known. It contains different blocks, as well as glasses, a transmitting emitter with a focusing device, a receiving emitter with a focusing device, a rectangular pulse generator, an amplifier power, a half adder, an alarm unit containing a circuit for converting an electrical signal into an acoustic or tactile one and an alarm device.

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, using a half-adder to partially implement the elements for the ability to perform the summation in the decision block, using the signaling unit containing the circuit for converting the electrical signal into acoustic and the signaling device to partially implement the elements to be able to perform the required sound indication, i.e. partially implement the claimed device: only a fragment of a decision block, a fragment of a necessary block of sound indication.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and it does not allow to fully implement (as required in the claimed device) a decision block, a sound indication unit, and also does not allow to realize an acoustic signal emission unit, an acoustic signal reception and recording unit ala, calculating unit block factual database, select the message block, ie, it does not allow emitting, receiving and recording an acoustic signal, perform the necessary calculations, make decisions based on the processing results, access the factual database (FBD), calculate (recognize) the premises in the building, fully perform the necessary sound indication and output the proposed work result devices, and as a result of this, it is not possible to determine (recognize) rooms by blind people by ear in a building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (blind).

Also known is a useful model [13] "Device for orienting the blind" (class IPC A61F 9/08), which contains different blocks, as well as an infrared emitter, photodetector, radio transmitter, processing circuit, electro-acoustic transducer, and a voice alert unit.

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, using a processing circuit to partially implement some necessary calculations, using an electro-acoustic transducer, a voice notification unit to partially implement elements for the ability to perform the required sound indication, i.e. to partially implement the claimed device: a fragment of a calculation unit, a fragment of a necessary sound indication unit.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and does not allow in full (as required in the claimed device) to implement the calculation unit and the sound indication unit, and also does not allow to realize the acoustic signal emission unit, the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, decision block, factographic database block, message selection block, i.e. it doesn’t allow you to emit, receive and record an acoustic signal, perform all necessary calculations, make decisions on the results of processing, access the factual database (FWD), calculate (recognize) the rooms in the building, fully perform the necessary sound indication and output the result of work of the proposed device, and as a consequence of this, it is not possible to determine (recognize) rooms by blind people by ear in a building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (after s).

Closest to the proposed device is the device [14] ("prototype") "Navigation device", containing different blocks, as well as a computing device, an indication unit, a sound-emitting element, a delayed pulse shaper and timer, a functional converter, digital-to-analog converters (DAC) , comparator, correction schemes, storage device.

This device allows you to solve only one very insignificant part of the task, namely, for example, using a sound-emitting element, a delayed pulse shaper and a timer, a storage device, a functional converter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), only partially realize the possibility of emitting an acoustic signal, etc. e. to partially implement the claimed device: an acoustic signal emission unit, and also, for example, using an indication unit, a storage device, a sound-emitting element, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), only partially realize the possibility of an audio indication, i.e. to partially implement the claimed device: a sound indication unit, and also, for example, using a computing device, a comparator, correction schemes, a storage device, only partially implement the necessary calculations, i.e. partially implement the claimed device: calculation unit.

This device does not allow you to enter all the source data (their transfer to the proposed device), since there are no:

request input, signal recording time parameter input, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, display parameter input, request parameter input, does not allow data output from the device (there is no output of the message selection block, which is the device output) and it does not allow to fully realize the acoustic signal emission unit, the sound indication unit, the calculation unit, and also does not allow to realize the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the decision unit, the factographic unit database, select the message block, ie, it does not allow to emit, receive and record an acoustic signal, perform the necessary calculations, make decisions on the results of processing, access the factual database (FBD), calculate (recognize) the premises in the building, perform a full sound indication and output the result of the proposed device , and as a result of this, it is not possible to determine (recognize) the premises of blind people by ear in a building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (blind).

The proposed utility model solves the problem of determining (recognizing) rooms in previously known buildings for navigation of the visually impaired (blind). And as a result of this, the class of tasks to be solved is expanding.

To achieve the named technical result as a utility model, an acoustic signal emission unit, a calculation unit are introduced into it, and an additional input: an acoustic signal reception and recording unit, a decision unit, a factographic database unit, a message selection unit, an audio indication unit, a request input , the input parameter of the recording time of the signal, the input of the reception parameter, the threshold input, the input of the radiation parameter, the signal input, the input of the display parameter, the input of the query parameter,

the request input is connected to the first input of the acoustic signal emission unit and to the first input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit,

the input parameter of the recording time of the signal is the second input of the block receiving and recording an acoustic signal,

the input of the reception parameter is connected to the third input of the receiving and recording unit of the acoustic signal,

the threshold input is the second input of the decision block,

the input of the radiation parameter is the second input of the acoustic signal emission unit,

the signal input is connected to the third input of the acoustic signal emission unit,

the input of the display parameter is the second input of the sound display unit,

the input of the query parameter is connected to the input of the factographic database block and to the third input of the sound indication block, the output of the message selection block is connected to the first input of the sound indication block,

the output of the acoustic signal emission unit is connected to the fourth input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the calculation unit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the decision unit, the output of the factographic database unit is connected to the third input of the decision unit, the output of which is connected with the input of the message selection block, the output of which is the output of the device.

Signs that distinguish the proposed device from the closest known to it by the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2160431, class. IPC ⁷ G01C 21/00, G01C 21/12 to the device "Navigation Instrument" [14], is characterized by the presence of the following blocks, inputs, outputs and connections between them: a unit for receiving and recording an acoustic signal, a decision unit, a factographic database unit, a message selection unit, an audio indication unit, a request input, a signal recording time parameter input, a reception parameter input, a threshold input, a radiation parameter input, a signal input, an indication parameter input, a request parameter input, wherein

the request input is connected to the first input of the acoustic signal emission unit and to the first input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit,

the input parameter of the recording time of the signal is the second input of the block receiving and recording an acoustic signal,

the input of the reception parameter is connected to the third input of the receiving and recording unit of the acoustic signal,

the threshold input is the second input of the decision block,

the input of the radiation parameter is the second input of the acoustic signal emission unit,

the signal input is connected to the third input of the acoustic signal emission unit, the input of the display parameter is the second input of the sound display unit, the request parameter input is connected to the input of the factographic database unit and to the third input of the sound display unit, the output of the message selection unit is connected to the first input of the sound display unit ,

the output of the acoustic signal emission unit is connected to the fourth input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the calculation unit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the decision unit, the output of the factographic database unit is connected to the third input of the decision unit, the output of which is connected with the input of the message selection block, the output of which is the output of the device, which allows the blind people to determine (recognize) the premises by ear in the building along the path I have to navigate the visually impaired (blind).

The proposed utility model is illustrated by the drawings presented in figures 1-10.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a utility model. The given block diagram reflects the set of necessary blocks of the navigation device for the orientation of the blind and communication between the blocks. The block diagram shows: block 1 of emission of an acoustic signal, block 2 of reception and recording of an acoustic signal, block 3 of calculation, block 4 of decision making, block 5 of the factographic database, block 6 of the selection of messages, block 7 of an audio indication, V is the request input, L is the input of the recording time parameter of the signal, J is the input of the reception parameter, T is the input of the threshold, U is the input of the radiation parameter, G is the input of the signal, H is the input of the display parameter, Q is the input of the request parameter, W is the output of the acoustic signal emission unit 1 , R is the output of the unit 2 for receiving and recording an acoustic signal, A is the output calculating unit 3, D - 4 output unit deciding, Z - the output unit 5 factual database, S - output selecting unit 6 messages being output device.

Figure 2 ÷ 8 shows a block diagram of the algorithms of the programs of each block of the utility model for a particular case of its industrial implementation (see Example below) using programmable computers (for example, personal computers).

Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the algorithm of the program of operation of the block 1 radiation of the acoustic signal.

Figure 3 shows the block diagram of the algorithm of the program of operation of the unit 2 for receiving and recording an acoustic signal.

Figure 4 shows the block diagram of the algorithm of the program of work of block 3 of the calculation.

Figure 5 shows a block diagram of the algorithm of the program of work of decision block 4.

Figure 6 shows a block diagram of the algorithm of the program of operation of block 5 factographic database.

7 shows a block diagram of the algorithm of the program of work of the block 6 message selection.

On Fig shows a block diagram of the algorithm of the program of work of block 7 sound indication.

Figure 9 presents the test results of one of the possible implementations of the device (utility model).

Figure 10 presents the block diagram (possible option) of the iterative Mall algorithm for implementing the wavelet transform in block 3 of the calculation.

We introduce the following notation:

N is the dimension (number of elements) of the vector G = (q ₀ , ..., q _i , ..., q _N-1 ) for a model acoustic signal (for example, N = 44);

M is the dimension (number of elements) of the vector R = (r ₀ , ..., r _i , ..., r _M-1 ) for the received acoustic signal (for example, M = 16384, a log ₂ M = 14);

K is the number of rooms in the building (for example, K = 5);

B - number ratio (for the vector A = (a _0, ..., a _j, ..., and _B-1)) taken from the vector of the resulting wavelet transform return signal (e.g., V = 32);

- matrix dimension K × B, i.e. i∈ {0,1,2, ..., K-1], j∈ {0,1,2, ..., B-1} for a building from K premises (for example, dimension 5 × 32);

{x ₀ , x ₁ , ..., x _i , ..., x _K-1 } is the set of Euclidean distances for each room in the building, where i∈ {0,1,2, ..., K-1}.

The proposed utility model works as follows.

The inputs of the device (Fig. 1) receive all the initial data for its operation: V, L, J, B, Z, T, E, Q, U, G, N.

It is assumed that the device user (blind) makes his decision (expresses his desire as a request to the proposed device to receive information about the room on the route) V or in the form of a logical zero (if this blind person does not need information about the room on the route) , or in the form of a logical unit (if the blind person needs this information about the room).

It is assumed that the synchronization of the operation of the acoustic signal emission unit 1 and the acoustic signal reception and recording unit 2 is performed by transmitting W either in the form of a logical zero (this means that the acoustic signal reception and recording unit 2 cannot start its operation), or in the form logical unit (this means that block 2 receiving and recording an acoustic signal can start its work). From the output of the acoustic signal emission unit 1, W is transmitted to the fourth input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit 2.

First, at the input of the request, the value of V is a logical zero. It is assumed that after all the input data has arrived at the inputs: L, J, B, Z, T, E, Q, U, G, H, then at the input of the request, the value of V changes from a logical zero to a logical unit, which means a request blind person (device user) to receive information about the premises along the way.

The acoustic signal emission unit 1, according to the input data V, G, U received at its inputs, performs the delay necessary for initializing the transceiver components of the device (for example, for a duration of 200 ms), transmitting W as a logical unit to the fourth input of the receiving and recording unit 2 acoustic signal and performs (implements) the conversion of G (data of the original digital time series containing samples of the sampled harmonic signal of the required duration and frequency with the necessary smoothing of the edges of the pulse with by pressing a Gaussian time window (pulse)) into an analog form using a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) of the acoustic signal emission unit 1 and transmitting the converted (e.g. amplified) signal (pulse) to a transmitting electro-acoustic converter (containing, for example, a speaker) of block 1 radiation of the acoustic signal, thus transmitting the acoustic signal to the environment (with respect to the device). Using the U input, a radiation parameter is set (for example, the amplitude (volume) of the acoustic signal).

In block 2 of the reception and recording of the acoustic signal according to the input data L, J, V, W received by its inputs, the reception and recording of the acoustic signal is performed. It is assumed that the obstacles in the room do not change their position (i.e. do not move, do not move and are only motionless) when the user (blind) is in this room. When emitting and receiving an acoustic signal, the device itself and the blind are motionless. It is assumed that obstacles along the path of a visually impaired (blind) user are necessarily able to reflect the acoustic signal generated by the acoustic signal emission unit 1. As a result of such reflection, it is possible to receive this reflected signal (“acoustic portrait” of the room where the user is located (ie blind)) by the acoustic signal receiving and recording unit 2.

If V is a logical zero, then this means that the unit 2 receiving and recording the acoustic signal cannot work, i.e. Acoustic signal is not received and recorded in this case, and the receiving electro-acoustic transducer (for example, a microphone) is turned off.

If V is a logical unit, then this means that the unit 2 for receiving and recording an acoustic signal cannot receive and record an acoustic signal, but the receiving electro-acoustic transducer (for example, a microphone) is on (initialized).

If W is a logical zero, then this means that the unit 2 receiving and recording an acoustic signal cannot receive and record an acoustic signal.

If W is a logical unit, then this means that the unit 2 receiving and recording the acoustic signal can work, i.e. reception and recording of the acoustic signal in this case is performed.

After the fourth input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit 2 receives W with a value of a logical unit, the reception and recording of the acoustic signal begins, which continues for L sec (for example, Z = 0.4 sec) from the moment the command to start work (recording sound) W. This registration of an acoustic signal is performed using a receiving electro-acoustic transducer (for example, a microphone). Then, the acoustic signal is converted (with a sampling frequency J) into digital form (digital representation) using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the acoustic signal receiving and recording unit 2 and stored as samples of the digitized signal in the memory of the acoustic signal receiving and recording unit 2 as the time series of the sound recording R, where R = (r ₀ , ..., r _i , ..., r _M-1 ).

After L seconds (at the end of the recording), R is transmitted to the output of the block 2 for receiving and recording an acoustic signal a, and then to the input of the block 3 for calculating.

In block 3, the calculation is carried out (based on the received data in the form R = (r ₀ , ..., r _i , ..., r _M-1 )) calculation of A is a vector of integers:

A = ( a ₀ , ..., and _j , ..., and _B-1 ).

Note that M is the number of elements in the time series of the sound recording R, with J and L being chosen so that there is M≥4 and log ₂ M is an integer.

Obtaining the output vector A = ( a ₀ , ..., a _j , ..., and _B-1 ) from the original vector R = (r ₀ , ..., r _i , ..., r _M-1 ) is based on well-known signals in digital processing wavelet transforms (see [47, 50-59] and others).

The calculation in block 3 of the calculation is performed as follows (according to the formulas) (see [47, pp. 206–209]).

To calculate the wavelet coefficients, the well-known iterative Mall algorithm is used [47, p.207].

In the intermediate variable-vector (memory area) C the signal (vector) R is written:

C = (r ₀ , ... , r _i , ... , r _M-1 ]),

where k is the scale parameter of the wavelet function, m is the shift parameter of the wavelet function, h _n and g _n are the coefficients calculated from the wavelet used;

The explicit form of the wavelet is required only for calculating the coefficients h _n and g _n , and it is not used in the conversion itself.

The expression c _{0, k} is used for the well-known analytical form of the function s (t). In the case of digital data, the initial values of the function are used: c _{0, k} = s (k).

The essence of the operations performed by formulas (1) and (2) is as follows. At the first stage of the conversion, the “digital filter” h _n from the signal s _k = c _{0, k} selects low frequencies, and - q _n selects high frequencies. Since the upper half of the frequencies is absent at the output of the filter h _n , the sampling frequency of the output signal can be reduced by 2 times, i.e. decimation of the output signal is performed, which is done in formula (1) by shifts (2k + n) after 2 readings from the input signal. At the output of the filter q _n , space is freed up in the low-frequency region, and a similar decimation of the output signal results in transposition of the high frequencies to the vacant space. Thus, each of the output signals carries information about its half of the frequencies, while the output information is represented by the same number of samples as the input.

The briefly described procedure is known as the iterative Mall algorithm (see [47, p. 207; 50]).

The set of wavelet coefficients represented by the vector P obtained as a result of the execution of this algorithm is further reduced by taking only the first B decomposition coefficients (experiments have shown that at B = 32 the determination (recognition) of the premises is best for a dried device).

Vector E is the vector of wavelet coefficients, its length is equal to the length of the original signal R = (r ₀ , ..., r _i , ..., r _M-1 ), for which the wavelet transform was used. Further, from the converted R (i.e., already from E) into the vector A, only the first B pieces of elements are written.

More clearly, this considered algorithm for the claimed device is presented in Fig. 10 (note that in Fig. 10, we used our own notation, partially different from those used in the text).

Consider these calculations on a specific (simplified) example.

All components of the vectors considered below are numbered from scratch, for example, as R = (r ₀ , ..., r _i , ..., r _M-1 ).

Let the initial vector R = (r ₀ , ..., r _i , ..., r _M-1 ) consisting of 8 components (M = 8) be given:

R = (r ₀ ; r ₁ ; r ₂ ; r ₃ ; r ₄ , r ₅ ; r ₆ ; r ₇ ) = (2; 3; 4; 5; 3; 6; 8; 0).

Next, with a shift of 2, a sequence of component values obtained using a low-pass filter represented by the vector h is calculated (see [50, 51] and others):

h = (0.4830; 0.8365; 0.2241; -0.1294)

and a high-pass filter represented by the vector g (see [50, 51] and others)

q = (- 0.1294; -0.2241; 0.8365; -0.4830).

This procedure for obtaining new components, in fact, is the usual calculation of the scalar product of two vectors [49, p. 42], which is further denoted by the symbol (enlarged point) - • (that is, the scalar product y • d of the two vectors y and d - this is the sum of paired products of the corresponding coordinates of these vectors). Since M = 8 = 2 ³ = 2 ^P , (i.e., p = 3), then further all the shifts will be t = 2 ^pl -1 = 3. Next we will use the ≈ sign to indicate the approximate value.

For the first shift, i.e. for signal samples from 0 to 3 of the vector R (i.e., for d ₁ = (r ₀ ; r _i ; r ₂ ; r ₃ ) = (2; 3; 4; 5)) we obtain the following values:

d ₁ • h = (2; 3; 4; 5) • (0.4830; 0.8365; 0.2241; -0.1294) ≈3.7250 = f ₀

d ₁ • g = (2; 3; 4; 5) • (-0.1294; -0.2241; 0.8365; -0.4830) ≈0.0 = f ₄

For the second shift, i.e. for signal samples 2 through 5 of the vector R (i.e., for d ₂ = (r ₂ ; r ₃ ; r ₄ ; r ₅ ) = (4; 5; 3; 6)) we obtain the following values:

d ₂ • h = (4; 5; 3; 6) • (0.4830; 0.8365; 0.2241; -0.1294) ≈6.0104 = f ₁

d ₂ • g = (4; 5; 3; 6) • (-0.1294; -0.2241; 0.8365; -0.4830) ≈-2.0266 = f ₅

For the third shift, i.e. for signal samples 4 through 7 of the vector R (i.e., for d ₃ = (r ₄ ; r ₅ ; r ₆ ; r ₇ ) = (3; 6; 8; 0)) we obtain the following values:

d ₃ • h = (3; 6; 8; 0) • (0.4830; 0.8365; 0.2241; -0.1294) ≈ 8.2611 = f ₂

d ₃ • g = (3; 6; 8; 0) • (-0.1294; -0.2241; 0.8365; -0.4830) ≈4.9590 = f ₆

So far, only 6 out of 8 totals have been received this way (component):

3.7250; 0,0; 6,0104; -2.0266; 8.2611; 4.9590;

Note that the result should be exactly 8 numbers (components), and with this (or other) shift and the number of filter components as 4, this condition cannot be fulfilled. Therefore, in practice, when implementing the fourth-order Daubechies wavelet transform, they resort to the following well-known trick. Take the last two components (in our case, y ₁ = (r ₆ ; r ₇ ) = (8; 0)) and the first two components (in our case, y ₂ = (r ₀ ; r ₁ ) = (2; 3)) source vector

R = (r ₀ ; r ₁ ; r ₂ ; r ₃ ; r ₄ ; r ₅ ; r ₆ ; r ₇ ) = (2; 3; 4; 5; 3; 6; 8; 0)

and combine them into one new vector as follows:

y = (r ₆ ; r ₇ ; r ₀ ; r ₁ ) = (8; 0; 2; 3)

Further, both filters are applied to the vector y. Thus, two more missing coefficient (component) are obtained as follows:

y • h = (8; 0; 2; 3) • (0.4830; 0.8365; 0.2241; -0.1294) ≈3.92376 = f ₃

y • g = (8; 0; 2; 3) • (-0.1294; -0.2241; 0.8365; -0.4830) ≈ -0.8111 = f ₇

The obtained values sequentially, first for the first filter h, and then for the second filter g are collected in a new vector R ₁ equal in length to the original R as follows:

R ₁ = (f ₀ ; f ₁ ; f ₂ ; f ₃ ; f ₄ ; f ₅ ; f ₆ ; f ₇ )

R ₁ = (3.7250; 6.0104; 8.2611; 3.92376; 0.0; -2.0266; 4.9590; -0.8111)

Then, already over the newly formed this vector R ₁ , a procedure similar to that described above is performed, but this is done only for the first half of the components. In this case, for components 0 through 3 of the vector R ₁ , i.e. for

d ₄ = (f ₀ ; f ₁ ; f ₂ ; f ₃ ) = (3.7250; 6.0104; 8.2611; 3.9238)

in the following way:

d ₄ • h =

= (3.7250; 6.0104; 8.2611; 3.9238) • (0.4830; 0.8365; 0.2241; -0.1294) ≈

≈8,1708 = b ₀

d ₄ • g =

= (3.7250; 6.0104; 8.2611; 3.9238) • (-0.1294; -0.2241; 0.8365; -0.4830) ≈

≈3.1863 = b ₂

In the vector R _1, components 2 through 3 are taken (i.e., d ₅ = (8.2611; 3.92376) and components 0 through 1 are taken (i.e., d ₆ = (3.7250; 6.0104 ;) and combine (first d ₅ a, then d ₆ ) them into one new vector d ₇ as follows:

d ₇ = (f ₂ ; f ₃ ; f ₀ ; f ₁ ) = (8.2611; 3.9238; 3.7250; 6.0104)

Further, for the vector d _{7, the} scalar product with filters is considered as follows:

d ₇ • h =

= (8.2611; 3.9238; 3.7250; 6.0104) • (0.4830; 0.8365; 0.2241; -0.1294) ≈ 7.32925 = b ₁

d ₇ • g =

= (8.2611; 3.9238; 3.7250; 6.0104) • (-0.1294; -0.2241; 0.8365; -0.4830) ≈

≈-1,73534 = b ₃

In the vector R _1, components 4 to 7 are taken (from half of the components of R ₁ that has not been analyzed), i.e.

d ₈ = (f ₄ ; f ₅ ; f ₆ ; f ₇ ) = (0.0; -2.0266; 4.9590; -0.8111)

Then from the previously calculated numbers b ₀ , b ₁ , b ₂ , b ₃ form (sequentially, first for the first filter, and then for the second filter) the components of the vector d ₉ = (b ₀ ; b ₁ ; b ₂ ; b ₃ ) as follows way:

d ₉ = (8.1708; 7.32925; 3.1863; -1.73534)

Then, from the components d ₉ and d ₈ , they are collected (by combining them first, d ₉ a, then d ₈ ) into a new vector R ₂ equal in length to the original vector R as follows:

R ₂ = (b ₀ ; b ₁ ; b ₂ ; b ₃ ; f ₄ ; f ₅ ; f ₆ ; f ₇ )

or

R ₂ = (8.1708; 7.32925; 3.1863; -1.73534; 0.0; -2.0266; 4.9590; -0.8111)

Then, from this obtained vector R ₂ , already for vector A, the first B pieces are taken, for example, for B = 4, the following final vector A = ( a ₀ , ..., a _j , ..., a _B-1 ) = (b ₀ ; b ₁ ; b ₂ ; b ₃ ):

A = (8.1708; 7.32925; 3.1863; -1.73534),

where a ₀ = 8.1708; a ₁ = 7.32925; a ₂ = 3.1863; a ₃ = -1.73534.

Note that the Mall algorithm for the 4th order Daubechies wavelet transform is described in the manner described above.

In a similar way (see Fig. 10, the Mall algorithm in general form [47, 50-59]) in the case of a dimension other than 8 for the original vector R = (r ₀ , ..., r _i , ..., r _M-1 ) during the formation of the vector A = ( a ₀ , ..., a _j , ..., and _B-1 ).

The resulting vector A = ( a ₀ , ..., a _j , ..., and _B-1 ) is transmitted to the output of block 3 for calculating a, then A goes to the first input of decision block 4.

In decision block 4 on the input data A, Z and T received at its inputs, a decision is made on the value of D according to the following rule:

Where

A = (a ₀ , ..., a _j , ..., a _B-1 );

where i∈ {0,1, ..., K-1}, j∈ {0,1, ..., B-1};

where i∈ {0,1, ..., (K-1)};

min {x ₀ , x ₁ , ..., x _i , ..., x _K-1 } = x _e ,

moreover, we note that if there are several minima, then anyone, for example, the first one (i.e., with the lowest index i) is taken for the desired one.

The result of decision D is transmitted to the output of decision block 4 and then transferred to the input of block 6 select the message.

In block 5, a factual database of input data Q (for example, a unique number of a building specified by the user (blind)) is selected for this building from the FWD pattern matrix , where i∈ {0,1, ..., K-1}, j∈ {0,1, ..., B-1} ;. The result of such a sample is represented by a matrix .

The result the factual database a is transmitted to the output of block 5, and then it is transmitted to the third input of decision block 4.

Note that the FWD stores patterns (images of rooms), presented in the same way as vector A - i.e. this, too, is in the pieces of the first coefficients taken from a vector that learned as a result of the wavelet transform of the reflected signal (which were recorded (experimentally recorded) when creating (filling) the FWB of these patterns) for the premises of these buildings.

Accordingly, in the matrix in rows (index i), these are rooms, and in columns (index j), the components of the vector representing the image of the room. The number of such components is the same for all patterns and is B.

In block 6 of the selection of the message according to the input data D, the choice of the number of the message is performed (to select a message means to select its unique number, since each possible message has its own unique number). The choice of the message number is carried out by calculating this unique number according to the following formula:

Thus, depending on the value of D, the number of the message (sound file S.wav with the information message) stored in the memory of the sound indication unit 7 is selected (determined).

The selection result S is transmitted to the output of message selection unit 6, and then to the first input of sound indication unit 7. The output of the message selection unit 6 is the output of the device.

In the sound indication block 7, according to the input data S, H, and Q, the sound message S for building Q, extracted from the memory of the sound indication block 7, is transmitted to its input (for example, amplified by the amplifier of the sound indication block 7).

Using the N input, an indication parameter is set (for example, the amplitude (volume) of the issued audio message, for example, to the speaker (headphone)). With S, the number of the sound message for the indication (voice (playback)) is set.

In the sound indication block 7, a sound message is sampled from the block 7 of the sound indication with the number S for building Q (the generated information message in the form of a digital sound recording, i.e., the sound file S.wav) and then the message is converted to an analog form when using a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) of the audio indication unit 7 and then supplying this converted message to the transmitting electro-acoustic converter (containing, for example, a speaker (headphone)) of the audio indication unit 7, transmitting in this way the necessary sound message to the blind (for example, a voice message about placing on the route of the user with visual impairment (blind), thus realizing the useful function of the entire device).

In the memory (for example, non-volatile) of the sound indication unit 7 (with the possibility of sampling by Q and message number S), K + 1 sound files (S∈ {0,1,2, ..., K}) are stored for each building.

For example, if K = 5 (a total of 5 rooms), then there are only 6 messages:

0.wav, 1.wav, 2.wav, 3.wav, 4.wav, 5.wav

There is one specific message - this is the sound file 0.wav, which, for example, contains the following informational voice message (for example, in Russian):

“The room is not recognized”

Sound files with numbers from 1 to K = 5:

1.wav, ..., S.wav, ..., 5.wav

contain informational, for example, voice messages in a natural language that the device has recognized room S.

The sound file 1.wav, for example, contains the following informational voice message (for example, in Russian):

“Cabinet Found”

The sound file 2.wav, for example, contains the following informational voice message (for example, in Russian):

"Audience Discovered"

The sound file 3.wav, for example, contains the following informational voice message (for example, in Russian):

"Hall discovered"

The sound file 4.wav, for example, contains the following informational voice message (for example, in Russian):

"Toilet detected"

The sound file 5.wav, for example, contains the following informational voice message (for example, in Russian):

"Corridor Discovered"

By the number S, the required sound file S.wav (time series of the audio recording — the generated informational message in the form of a file with the sound recording) is read from the memory of the sound indication unit 7 and then voiced (played).

Note that the number of such messages depends on the value of K - the number of rooms in a given building. With an increase in the number of rooms, the message content changes accordingly (if the rooms have a serial number in the building (for example, room 405, a hall on the 5th floor, etc.), then this number can be included in this message for a blind user).

Thus, the proposed utility model allows us to solve the problem - to determine (recognize) the premises of blind people by ear in the building along the route for them to navigate the visually impaired (blind).

The proposed utility model may be industrially applicable (feasible) as follows.

Based on the works [8, 15, 16, 37-48] and on [18-30], we show the possibility of industrial applicability of the utility model proposed by the authors by analogy, as was done previously for other utility models, for example, [8, 15, 16 ].

In the General case, the blocks of the device can be implemented using a computer (computer) and computer programs.

So, ROSPATENT made a positive decision on the issuance of the title of protection and one of the authors received a certificate for the program of the Russian Federation (RF) No. 2007714119 "Program for decision-making and reporting ..." [42].

A positive decision was also made to issue a title of protection and the authors successfully obtained certificates for programs (recognition and decision-making) and the database of the Russian Federation (RF) No. 20061620076, No.2001620098, No. 2009613028, No. 20099611660 [40, 41, 43, 44 ].

These programs and databases (see also [42]) can, with a certain adaptation or modification, be successfully used in the proposed device of the utility model.

An example (industrial application (implementation) of a utility model). Each block of the utility model (Fig. 1) is a standard programmable computer (for example, a personal computer (PC) or a pocket PC (PDA)). Since in the proposed device. Only 7 pieces of blocks, then 7 pieces of programmable calculators, for example, computers, will be required.

All these blocks (computers) are connected to a standard computer network, for example, on a twisted pair cable using the required number of corresponding network cards and network hubs - HUBs (hubs) [18], with the required number of branches. Another way of connecting blocks (computers) is the well-known, standard way of connecting through serial (COM1-COM4) and (or) parallel ports (LPT1, LPT2) using appropriate standard cables and software, for example, Microsoft [19], Symantec and etc. Each block (computer) is loaded with its own program that implements its function of this block.

Note that it is possible to connect computers (calculators) also using USB ports and the necessary equipment.

Note that it is also possible that these calculators of small sizes (for example, PDAs) are connected to a common computer network (for example, a wireless network) with shared access to some external data storage device (database).

A blind (or visually impaired) user (or specialist), for example, on his pocket personal computer (calculator), which is also connected to a common network, prepares the following source files fU, fG, fL, fJ, fT, fH (as well as fQ1, fQ2 and fV1, fV2): file fU - containing U (volume level, for example, an integer from 0 to 255), file fG - containing G (vector of samples of the model pulse G = (q ₀ , ..., q _i , ..., g _N-1), N = J · λ, where λ - pulse duration, expressed in seconds, J - sampling rate), fL file - contains L (recording time of the acoustic signal, (wherein L> λ where L and λ are reduced to one dimension - in seconds), file fJ - containing J (sampling frequency of the recording of the acoustic signal in Hz, selected in advance, for example, from the list: {16000, 22050, 32000, 44100}), file fT - containing T (threshold for decision making (a specific value is determined (in advance) empirically from the results of experiments), files fQ1, fQ2 - containing each Q (user request for the desired building, for example, a unique building number), file fH - containing H (volume level, for example, an integer from 0 to 255). Note that the preparation by the user (blind or partially sighted) of files fV1, fV2 (each of which contains V, i.e., logical zero (V = 0) or logical unit (V = 1)), means the desire of the user, for example, if the value V changes from logical zero to a logical unit, this means a request for the blind person (device user) to receive information about the room on the route (if implemented, instead of a file, a variable (flag) can be used in the computer’s memory, which either takes the value 1 { logical unit), or value 0 (logical zero)). Further, we assume that the user (blind or visually impaired) prepares files fV1 and fV2 - containing each V (file fV1 - for the program of the acoustic emission unit 1 and file fV2 - for the program of the acoustic reception and recording unit 2).

Further, we assume that each file fS1 and fS2 contains S (the file fS2 is intended for the program of the sound indication block 7, and the file fS1 is the program output of the message selection block 6, i.e., it is the output of the device).

Note that other files: fR (contains a number of sound recordings R, where R = (r ₀ , ..., r _i , ..., r _M-1 ) with a dimension, for example, M = 16384), fA (contains A = ( a ₀ , ..., a _j , ..., a _B-1 ), fD (contains D), fZ (contains the matrix ), files fS1 and fS2 (each contains S, i.e. message number, integer, fW (contains W, i.e. logical zero (W = 0) or logical unit (W = 1)) prepare the corresponding blocks of the proposed devices.

These files are transferred, respectively: fV1, fU, fG - to the program input for the acoustic signal emission unit 1, fV2, fW, fL, fJ - to the program input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit 2, fR - to the program input of the calculation unit 3, fZ, fT, fA - to the input of the program of decision block 4, fQ1 - to the input of the program of block 5, the factographic database, fD - to the input of the program of block 6 of the message selection, fS2, fH, fQ2 - to the input of the program of block 7 of sound indication.

It is possible that the files fU, fG, fL, fJ, fT, fH are generated only once, for example, by a specialist (user), and contain default data recommended for permanent use, which can be stored in the long-term memory of the corresponding blocks and not deleted after each reading of data from them.

The general operating procedure of the device blocks is as follows: first, the acoustic signal emission unit 1 is launched, and therein the program (Fig. 2), then the acoustic signal reception and recording unit 2 is launched, and the program in it (Fig. 3), then the calculation unit 3 is started , and in it the program (Fig. 4), then the decision block 4 is launched, and in it the program (Fig. 5), then the factographic database block 5 is launched, and in it the program (Fig. 6), then the block 6 is launched select the message, and in it the program (Fig. 7), then the sound indication unit 7 is started, and in m program (8).

The synchronization of the operation of the programs of all blocks can be carried out, for example, by checking whether each program has a corresponding file (or files) with data and then (if necessary) deleting this file (or files), as well as by checking for a logical zero or logical unit at the input request V and transmit a logical zero or logical unit W by the program of the acoustic signal emission unit 1 to the input of the program of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit 2. Before starting the operation of the device, no blocks or programs of blocks are started. The value of V is changed by the user from logical zero to logical one only when all programs are running. If there is a logical unit (or logical zero} at the input of the V request, the device blocks (programs in them) perform all the necessary actions in accordance with the algorithms for their operation (Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).

The acoustic signal emission unit 1 is launched first (Fig. 1), and in it is its program (Fig. 2), which deletes the file fW if it exists. After that, the presence of files fV1, fG, fU, fL, fJ, fV2 is checked and data in them. If these files are not prepared, then checking is performed again, etc. until these files are prepared or the acoustic emission unit 1 is turned off. If these files are prepared, then the necessary data is read.

Then, the value of V is checked (if V = 1 (i.e., a logical unit), then this means that a request has been made for the blind person (device user) to receive information about the room along its route).

If V = 0, then the necessary files are checked again, and if V = 1, the following actions are performed.

Then, W = 1 (logical unit) is set and a delay, for example, of 0.2 seconds (200 ms), necessary to initialize the microphone as part of the unit 2 for receiving and recording an acoustic signal, is carried out. Then, the logical unit is set to the output W (i.e. W writing data into the created file fW) and transfer G = (q _{0, ..., q i, ...,} q N- ₁₎ for the emission of the acoustic signal with the volume level U.

Series G is converted into analog form using the DAC, which is part of the acoustic signal emission unit 1, and supplying the converted pulse with the volume level U to the transmitting electro-acoustic transducer (speaker), which is part of the acoustic signal emission unit 1, thus transmitting a model acoustic pulse into the environment in the direction coinciding with the direction of the user (blind).

Next, the file fV1 is deleted.

Note the files fG and fU are stored in the long-term memory of the acoustic signal emission unit 1 and are replaced only if it is necessary to change the program parameters of the acoustic signal emission unit 1.

Then, the unit 2 for receiving and recording the acoustic signal (Fig. 1) is launched, and in it is its program (Fig. 3), which deletes the fR file if it exists. After that, the presence of files fL, fJ, fW, fV2 and the data in them is checked. If these files are not prepared, then checking is performed again, etc. until these files are prepared or block 2 and recording the acoustic signal are turned off. If these files are prepared, then the necessary data is read. Then, the value of V is checked (if V = 1 (i.e., a logical unit), then this means that a request has been made for the blind person (device user) to receive information about the room along its route). If V = 0, then the necessary files are checked again, and if V = 1, the following actions are performed. Setting the sampling frequency to J. Initialization of the elements of the unit 2 for receiving and recording an acoustic signal (for example, a microphone). Further, if W = 0, then the necessary files are checked again, and if W = 1, the following actions are performed. Registration of M samples of the ADC signal from the microphone during the time L and the formation of R = (r ₀ , ..., r _i , ..., r _M-1 ).

The registration of the samples of the acoustic signal R obtained by the program of the block 2 for receiving and recording an acoustic signal with a sampling frequency J. memory in the form of a digital sound recording file fR, for example, in the format of wav files and then clears the corresponding allocated memory area of the unit 2 for receiving and recording acoustic signal (fL fJ and files are stored in non-volatile memory block 2 receiving and recording the acoustic signals and replaced, e.g., only when needed to change the parameters of the program receiving unit 2 and recording of the acoustic signal). Thus, R = (r ₀ , ..., r _i , ..., r _M-1 ) is written to the created file fR. Next, delete files fW, fV2.

Then, the calculation unit 3 (Fig. 1) is launched, and in it is its program (Fig. 4), which deletes the file fA if it exists. After that, the presence of the fR file and the data in it is checked. If this file is not prepared, then the check is performed until the file is prepared or the calculation unit 3 is turned off. In the case when this file and the data in it are prepared (this means that the program of the unit 2 for receiving and recording an acoustic signal successfully recorded the reflected acoustic signal (sound in the room) and transmitted its recording in the form of a file fR to the input of the program of the unit 3 for calculating), then the data is read: R from fR, - and then the calculations are performed in accordance with the previously described formulas and transformations (Fig. 10) for the calculation unit 3. After the calculations are completed, the program of the calculation unit 3 saves the results of calculations A to the long-term memory of the decision unit 4 in the form of a file fA and then deletes the file fR.

Then the decision block 4 (Fig. 1) is launched, and in it is its program (Fig. 5), which deletes the file fD if it exists. After that, the presence of files fA, fZ, fT and the data in them is checked. If these files are not prepared, then the check is performed until the files are prepared or the decision block 4 is turned off. In the case when the files and data in them have been prepared (this means that the program of block 3 of calculation has successfully transmitted the calculation results in the form of a file fA to the input of the program of block 4 of decision making and the files fZ and fT have been prepared), then the data is read: A from fA , Z from fZ, T from fT. Then there is a decision-making process (calculation) about the value of D in accordance with the above formulas and transformations for decision block 4. After the decision on the value of D is made, the program of decision block 4 saves the result of decision D to the long-term memory of message selection block 6 as a file fD and deletes files fA, fZ (hereinafter, the file fT is stored in the long-term memory of decision block 4 and are replaced only if necessary to change the program parameters of the decision block 4).

Then, the factual database block 5 is launched (Fig. 1), and in it is its program (Fig. 6), which deletes the fZ file if it exists. After that, the presence of the fQ1 file is checked. If this file is not prepared, then the check is performed until the file is prepared or block 5 of the factual database is turned off. In the case when the file and the data in it are prepared (this means that the user has successfully prepared his request in the form of the file fQ1), then the data is read: Q from fQ1, and then it is carried out according to the input data Q (for example, a unique number specified by the user (blind) building) occurs for this building selection from the FWD pattern matrix , where i∈ {0,1, ..., K-1}, j∈ {0,1, ..., B-1}. The result of such a sample is represented by a matrix .

The result the factual database a is transmitted to the output of block 5, and then it is transmitted to the third input of decision block 4. The file fQ1 is deleted.

Then, the message selection unit 6 is started (Fig. 1), and in it is its program (Fig. 7), which deletes the files fS1, fS2 if they exist. After that, the presence of the fD file is checked. If this file is not prepared, then the check is performed until this file is prepared or the message selection unit 6 is turned off. In the case when this file and the data in it are prepared (this means that the program of decision block 4 successfully made a decision and transmitted this decision result in the form of a file fD to the input of the program of block 6 of the message selection, the program of block 6 of the message selection makes a choice ( calculation) sound message numbers The result of the selection is the number S, stored in files fS1, fS2.

The file fS2 contains S and is intended for the program of the sound indication block 7, and the file fS1 contains S - is the output of the device.

Then, the program of the message selection unit 6 deletes the file fD. The program output of message selection block 6 is a file (fS1, fS2) containing the number S.

Then, the sound indication unit 7 (Fig. 1) is launched, and in it is its program (Fig. 8). After that, the presence of files fS2, fH, fQ2 is checked. If these files are not prepared, then the check is performed until the files are prepared or the sound indication unit 7 is turned off. In the case when the files and data in them have been prepared (this means that the program of the message selection block 6 has successfully generated the fS2 file with the message number about the presence of space on the user's path and transferred it to the program input of the sound indication block 7, and the file has been successfully prepared fH and file fQ2), then the program of the sound indication unit 7 reads the number S from the file fS2 and reads Q from the file fQ2 and reads N from the file fH, and then reads the digital sound recording S.wav from the long-term memory of the sound indication block 7 for this building Q implements its conversion to analog form by the DAC device and then performs an audible indication (considering H), i.e. providing an audio message to the transmitting electro-acoustic transducer (speaker) of the device, thus voicing the contents of the S.wav file containing a voice message about the placement of a visually impaired user on the route. After the signal is supplied, the program of the sound indication unit 7 deletes the files fS2, fQ2 (in the future, the file fН is not deleted and stored in long-term memory, and is replaced only if necessary, change the operating parameters of the program of the sound indication unit 7). Messages in S.wav sound files have been described above (earlier).

After giving the signal and deleting the necessary files, the program of the sound indication unit 7 ends its work, and with it the operation of the entire proposed device is terminated.

This is how this claimed device works.

Note that the file fS1 containing the number S of the voice message about the room on the route of the user with visual impairment is the end result of the proposed device and is its output (output).

In order to once again carry out the work of the proposed device (Fig. 1) with other initial data, it is necessary to first prepare the initial (data) files: fU, fG, fL, fJ, fT, fH (as well as fQ1, fQ2 and fV1 , fV2) - and then after that, start the acoustic signal emission unit 1 in the device, and its program in it, then start the acoustic signal reception and recording unit 2 in the device, and its program in it, i.e. in order as described above. Note that it is possible to simplify this process of launching these programs in device blocks by a single command using a specially created program.

Experimental device testing

The device proposed by the authors in practice (in order to verify and confirm the possibility of industrial application (implementation) of the utility model, the claimed device) was implemented as a set of computer programs for calculators such as the Hewlett-Packard iPAQ 214 Enterprise Handheld PDA with built-in microphone and speaker in a graphical programming environment National Instruments LabVIEW 8.6 Mobile Module. The developed software (using, for example, the graphic programming language "G") is designed to operate on portable devices with a microphone and acoustic speaker controlled by the Windows Mobile 6 or Windows Mobile 7 operating system. In addition to the convenience of experimental studies, several additional inventions were developed Utilities

The model acoustic signal G = (q ₀ , g ₁ , g ₂ , ..., q ₄₃ ) consisted of 44 generated samples (i.e. N = 44) of the harmonic function (sinusoid) stored as a digital sound file in the format wav files with a sampling frequency of 44100 Hz. The model pulse has a duration of 1 ms, and the spectral density curve of the pulse has a peak at a frequency of 5600 Hz (fundamental frequency).

Testing of the device was carried out in standard educational facilities of the university, for example, the Faculty of Information Technology of Moscow State Pedagogical University, where blind or visually impaired students study. The noise level in the rooms ranged from 20 to 53 dBA. In the experiment with the device, it was assumed that the reflected acoustic signal R (sound in the room) was recorded (recorded) for 400 ms after applying a model pulse with a sampling frequency of 44100 Hz in mono mode, i.e. J = 44100 Hz, L = 0.4 sec, R = (r ₀ , ..., r _i , ..., r _M-1 ) of dimension M so that log ₂ M is an integer, i.e. M = 2 ¹⁴ = 16384≤17640 = 44100 · 0.4≤2 ¹⁵ = 32768, and log ₂ M = 14.

In the experiments, K = 5, and B = 32. It should be noted that the best definition (recognition) of premises was achieved at B = 32.

The set {x ₀ , x ₁ , ..., X _i , ..., x _K-1 } of Euclidean distances for each room in the building consisted of 5 elements, i.e. i∈ {0,1,2,3,4}

Matrix had a dimension of 5 × 32, i.e. i∈ {0,1,2,3,4}, and j∈ {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15, 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31}.

Vector A = ( a ₀ , ..., a _j , ..., a ₃₁ ) had dimension 32, i.e.

j∈ {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23 , 24.25,26,27,28,29,30,31}.

A series of experiments was conducted. Figure 9 presents the results of experimental studies: 5 typical test series (indicated by an oblique font) determine (recognize) the premises of the claimed device (utility model). In Fig. 9, the table shows the numbers (No.) of the rooms, where number 1 is the office (a small room, i.e. less than 40 square meters), number 2 is the audience (large room, i.e. more than 40 square meters), number 3 - a hall, number 4 - a toilet room, number 5 - a corridor.

According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the proportion of errors in determining (recognizing) premises practically does not exceed 5% (i.e., approximately 5 errors per 100 tests), which in practice is considered quite acceptable for this device. During the operation of the claimed device (in this embodiment of its practical implementation), the average value of the number (fraction) of errors in all rooms and tests is ≈3.44%. The threshold T for this device implementation is selected equal to 800, i.e. T = 800.

It is important to note that similar (similar) experimental studies can be carried out for other initial data and for another possible industrial implementation of the claimed device (utility model).

The proposed utility model may be industrially applicable (feasible) in another way as follows.

Blocks of the proposed utility model, as in devices (utility models) [8, 15, 16] and in the invention [17] of one of the authors, are realized using (see [20-30]) analog and digital elements (integrated circuits).

This does not exhaust the whole variety of possibilities for the application (construction) of the proposed utility model.

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Claims (1)

A navigation device for orienting the blind, comprising an acoustic signal emitting unit, a calculation unit, characterized in that an acoustic signal receiving and recording unit, a decision unit, a factographic database unit, a message selection unit, an audio indication unit, a request input, an input are inputted therein signal recording time parameter, reception parameter input, threshold input, radiation parameter input, signal input, indication parameter input, request parameter input, while the request input is connected to the first input of the acoustic signal emission unit and to the first input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the input of the signal recording time parameter is the second input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the input of the reception parameter is connected to the third input of the receiving and recording unit of the acoustic signal, the threshold input is the second input of the decision block, the input of the radiation parameter is the second input of the acoustic signal emission unit, the signal input is connected to the third input of the acoustic signal emission unit, the input of the display parameter is the second input of the sound display unit, the input of the query parameter is connected to the input of the factographic database block and to the third input of the sound indication block, the output of the message selection unit is connected to the first input of the sound indication unit, the output of the acoustic signal emission unit is connected to the fourth input of the acoustic signal reception and recording unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the calculation unit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the decision unit, the output of the factographic database unit is connected to the third input of the decision unit, the output of which is connected with the input of the message selection block, the output of which is the device output.