RU110113U1 - DEVICE FOR SECURITY IN THE FORMATION OF Icicles on the exposed parts of roofs and facades of buildings and structures and the prevention of the fall of large icicles, ice and snow from these parts - Google Patents

Abstract

A device is proposed to ensure safety during the formation of icicles on the protruding parts of roofs and facades of buildings and structures and to prevent the fall of large icicles, ice and snow from these parts, including a water intake funnel, a tray and wall grooves located on the sides of the tray on the roof with a slope towards each other towards the water intake funnel, and, according to a utility model, a recess is made in the roof adjacent to the lower ends of the gutters and the tray opposite the water intake funnel, in which the tank is mounted, the top the null edge of which is located not higher than the roof surface with the possibility of water entering into it through the gutters and the overlying roof with subsequent drainage to the water intake funnel, and in the wall of the tank opposite the water intake funnel, a drain hole of the drainage pipe is made, the lower point of which is located above the upper point of the mouth of the water intake funnels, but below the upper edges of the intake funnel, tray and the ends of the gutters, while the drain pipe of the drain hole is connected to the sewer pipe.

9 s Peninsula, 8 FIG.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction and operation of buildings and structures and can be used to prevent the formation of large icicles on the protruding parts of the roofs and facades of buildings and structures and the fall of ice and snow from these parts.

The main element of consideration is the pitched roof of buildings and structures on which ice, icicles and ice masses form.

Icicles are formed at low (minus Celsius) temperatures, usually a few degrees below zero, and when water enters. Water can, for example, drain from the roof of a house where snow melts under the influence of solar radiation ("spring" icicles) or heat from attic spaces ("winter" icicles). Under the influence of gravity, melt water flows down, cools to freezing temperature and thus becomes an element of the icicle volume. Under favorable conditions, icicles several meters long and hundreds of kilograms in weight can “grow”. If the gravity acting on the icicle, as a result of the growth of the mass of the icicle, exceeds the strength of ice at the start of growth, then the icicle collapses. When the flow of melt water ceases, the growth of the icicle stops, and at temperatures above zero, the size and mass of the icicle decrease due to melting. At temperatures below zero, the icicles, although slower, also decrease as a result of sublimation. It is clear that this creates an additional burden on the coatings of building structures, leads to their damage and, therefore, should be considered as an undesirable phenomenon. In addition, we note that growing icicles create a risk of property damage and a physical threat to human life.

The formation of "winter" icicles occurs at low temperatures, up to -15 ° C. This explains the growth of icicles even during periods of negative ambient temperatures (most of the winter).

The reason that causes the growth of "winter" icicles on the roofs is, first of all, the heating of attic rooms relative to the outside air. The main sources of heat are:

1. non-insulated pipelines of central heating and hot water supply;

2. doors and hatches of access to the attic;

3. heating the worn thermal insulation of the attic floor;

4. ventilation shafts, ducts, hatches, valves, etc.

The paramount importance of solving any problem lies in the exact diagnosis (setting of the initial data) or problem in order to solve its cause.

In our case, the cause of the formation of icicles and icing is ice clogging of the places of melt water drainage. Since it is impossible to completely avoid getting heat into the attic of the building, it is necessary to provide for the unimpeded removal of melt water on the roof of the building.

Considering the root cause of the formation of icicles and ice, it is necessary to pay special attention to the design of the roofs that are most susceptible to this phenomenon.

Imperfection in the system of removal of thawed water from the bottom of the roof (the location of the "cold" storm drain outside the building) is the cause of ice formation, because the temperature of the pipe and the intake funnel is always lower than the temperature of the roof surface (the roof surface is “heated” by heat from the attic). Clogging of the discharge channel with ice newly formed in the pipe and funnel leads to stagnation and subsequent freezing of water along the entire perimeter of the roof with a possible overflow of water and the formation of icicles on the eaves. Thus, it can be argued that the process of formation of icicles, as such, begins with blockage of the drainage system, when water begins to flow in unacceptable places.

You can clearly see causal relationships using the table:

Root cause High attic room temperature Cause Melting of snow on the roof surface with subsequent freezing of water in the drainage system (in the intake funnel and pipe) Consequence Ice mass formation in the area of the water intake funnel and further throughout

perimeter of the roof with possible growth on the protruding parts of the facades Effects Fall of icicles from roofs and protruding parts of facades, including cornices, with their destruction

As a result, the technical task is constantly preventing the formation of large icicles on the protruding parts of the roofs and facades of buildings and structures and the falling of icicles, ice and snow from these parts.

There are various devices for this, based on different technical principles.

A device for preventing the formation of large icicles on the protruding parts of the roofs and facades of buildings and structures and the fall of ice and snow from these parts, including a sheet-like body containing a part of the sheet-like body lying on the surface of the protruding parts of the roofs and facades of buildings and structures, in the direction from them edges, and at least partially bonded to them, and the part of the sheet-like body protruding beyond the edge, and at least the part of the sheet-like body protruding beyond the edge is made of material adayuschego property of flexibility and elasticity at least at temperatures of ice formation and icicles, wherein the sheet-like body adapted to retention on the surface of ice and snow (1).

Given the effectiveness of preventing the formation of icicles, it has the drawback: the complexity and complexity of the construction. The possibility of creating this device appears during the overhaul and requires capital expenditures at the same time.

A device is known for ensuring safety in the formation of icicles on the protruding parts of roofs and facades of buildings and structures and for preventing the fall of large icicles, ice and snow from these parts, including a water intake funnel, a tray and wall grooves located on the sides of the tray on the roof with a slope towards each other towards the intake funnel (2).

This technical solution was made as a prototype of the claimed utility model, since it is closest to it in the aggregate of common essential features and the achieved technical result.

The principle of operation of the known device consists in the drainage of melt water into the water intake funnel. However, since the temperature of its surface is almost equal to the temperature of the surrounding air, melt water freezes to it, forming ice, which tightly “clogs” the water intake funnel. Moreover, the incoming water continuously freezes on the funnel, forming icicles. Since water does not have the ability to drain through a water intake funnel, it accumulates in the gutters and freezes. The following streams of water, continuously freezing, form ice that “rolls over” through the gutters and hangs from the eaves of the roof. The consequence is the appearance of icicles.

The technical task of the claimed utility model is to increase the efficiency of preventing the formation of large icicles on the protruding parts of roofs and facades of buildings and structures and ice and snow falling from these parts with the simplicity of construction and low complexity of the construction without significant capital costs and in the absence of the need for major repairs.

The technical problem is achieved by the fact that the device to ensure the safety during the formation of icicles on the protruding parts of the roofs and facades of buildings and structures and to prevent the fall of large icicles, ice and snow from these parts, includes a water intake funnel, a tray and located on either side of the tray on the roof, according to a utility model, wall troughs with a slope towards each other towards the water intake funnel, characterized in that in the roof adjacent to the lower ends of the grooves and the tray opposite the water intake funnel a recess in which a container is mounted, the upper edge of which is located not higher than the roof surface with the possibility of water entering it through the gutters and the overlying roof with subsequent discharge into the water intake funnel, and a drain hole of the drainage pipe is made in the wall of the tank of the opposite water receiving funnel, the lower point of which is located above the upper point of the neck of the intake funnel, but below the upper edges of the intake funnel, tray and ends of the gutters, while the drainage pipe is connected sewer pipe.

This set of common essential features is necessary and sufficient for any implementation of the utility model.

The operation of the claimed device is as follows.

In the warm season, in the absence of snow, during rain, water flows down the roof surface into the gutters, from them it enters the tank, then into the water intake funnel, from it flows through a drain pipe, for example, onto the sidewalk in front of the building. However, water does not enter the drain hole of the drainage pipeline, since its lower point is located above the upper point of the neck of the intake funnel.

In the winter season, when the roof is covered with snow, the water formed, flowing down the roof, enters the gutters, from which it flows into the tank, and then from it into the drain funnel. When cooling, the water at the lower edge of the protruding parts of the roofs and buildings begins to freeze and ice forms. Ice is also formed inside the gutter funnel, which therefore ceases to drain water from the roof. The water level in the tank rises and reaches the drain hole. After that, water begins to be drained from the roof through this drain hole. Thus, overflow of water through gutters and protruding parts of roofs and buildings is prevented, followed by freezing.

This prevents the formation of large icicles.

This is the main technical result of the claimed utility model.

It is important to note that water can freeze in a water intake funnel, in a wall gutter and on an eaves overhang. However, the drain hole does not freeze and is not clogged with ice because it is heated, for example, by the heat of a sewer (domestic) sewage system, since the drainage pipe of the drain hole is connected to the sewage pipe (the temperature of the sewage water is 20-30 ° C, and, consequently, the air transported to the attic or outside the building). The tank does not freeze and is not clogged with ice, because it is heated, for example, due to its partial presence in the attic, the temperature of which is higher than the street temperature. The water intake funnel and the drain hole of the tank are located at different levels, and the drain hole of the tank is located above the water intake funnel so that water does not flow in the warm season. The drain hole begins to “work” only when the water inlet funnel freezes and the water level in the tank rises.

This device allows without major alterations of the roof to solve the issue of drainage of melt water generated in the winter. Water in the sewer comes from the drain in small quantities, thereby not exceeding the maximum throughput of the sewer riser. With mass melting of snow, water escapes through the existing drainage system. In this case, as noted above, melt water does not enter the edge of the roof, which prevents the formation of icicles.

This eliminates the possibility of the formation of icicles from melt water on the roof. In the warm season (spring), water flows into the existing drainage system through the intake funnel of the external drain. That is, in the warm season, water goes to a water intake funnel, and in winter, the funnel freezes, water goes through a drain hole, for example, into a sewer riser.

Another technical result of the utility model is to reduce the complexity of installation and dismantling of the device, the convenience of transportation and storage of device parts, since you just need to supplement the existing design of the gutter with a tank by placing it at the lower point of water intake (the recess between the lower ends of the gutters and the intake funnel), then connecting a tank with a drain pipe with subsequent connection, for example, to the sewer.

In addition, the applicant considers it necessary to highlight the following development and / or refinement of the set of common essential features of the claimed utility model related to particular cases of implementation or use.

They are caused by the fact that, generally speaking, it is possible to construct many different designs of the individual nodes of the claimed device, and in all cases the essence of the utility model will be preserved, which will prevent the formation of large icicles on the protruding parts of the roofs and facades of buildings and structures and ice and snow falling from these parts as well as simplicity and ease of assembly-disassembly, transportation and storage of utility model. The applicant himself has developed several of its modifications. Below are some of the best options.

It is desirable that the drainage pipeline be connected to the sewage pipeline in an area located above its upper water intake point. Moreover, the sewage pipe is, in particular, a sewer pipe. This will simplify the solution of the problem of melt water drainage, as well as ensure the supply of warm air to the drain hole of the drainage pipeline, thereby preventing the formation of ice in it, as well as in the tank.

The drainage pipelines may have a different design, for example, it may be a rubber hose or may be made of metal or of a polymeric material.

To reliably prevent the ice from clogging the container, it can additionally be equipped with a means for heating, mounted for example in its wall or located next to it near the possibility of contact. In particular, the heating means may be an electric heater mounted in a container body connected to a solar panel mounted on the roof. In addition, the tank to prevent freezing of water in it may have contact with the heated part of the roof by means of an intermediate part made of heat-conducting material, for example, metal rods, the other ends of which are led into the attic.

At least one additional recess with a container can be formed along the length of each gutter, above it along the roof slope, and a drain hole of the drainage pipe is made in the wall of the tank opposite the gutter, the lower point of which is located above the lower point of the gutter, in the plane passing through a given point of the gutter and the drain hole, while the drain pipe of the drain hole is connected to the sewer pipe. Such a technical solution is additionally carried out in the case when the above device does not fully cope with the removal of melt water. An additional recess with a capacity allows you to intercept part of the flow of melt water along the length of the gutter and direct it through a drainage pipe into a sewage pipe, for example, a household (sewage) sewage system, thereby further preventing the formation of ice from it.

The utility model is illustrated in the drawing.

Figure 1 shows the roof with the claimed device, a perspective view;

Figure 2 is the same plan view;

Figure 3 is the same, a section along aa of figure 2, a perspective view (mode of operation - summer);

Figure 4 is the same, a section along aa of figure 2, a perspective view (mode of operation - winter);

Figure 5 shows the initial state of the roof before mounting the claimed device;

Figure 6 shows the marking of the cut lines of the roof, with the bend of the parts of the latter to install the tank;

7 shows the state of the roof at the stage of insertion of the tank;

On Fig shows a roof with an additional recess with a capacity along the length of the gutter, a perspective view.

The device 1 for ensuring the safety during the formation of icicles on the protruding parts of the roofs and facades of buildings and structures and to prevent the fall of large icicles, ice and snow from these parts, includes a water intake funnel 2 and grooves 4 located on the sides of the roof 3 with a slope towards each other moreover, the upper edge 5 of the neck of the intake funnel 2 is located below the ends of the grooves 4 with the reception of water from them (figure 1). To ensure fasteners and rigidity of the grooves 4, hooks 6 are used.

In the roof 3 adjacent to the lower ends 7 of the grooves 4 and the tray 8 opposite the water intake funnel 2, a recess 9 is made in which a container 10 is mounted with the possibility of entering it from the sides of the water that are lateral and overlying along the slope. The direction of movement of the water is indicated by the arrows indicated by the position 11. From the tank 10, the water with the help of the tray 8 moves into the water intake funnel 2. The direction of the flow of water from the tank 10 to the water intake funnel 2 is indicated by the arrow indicated by 12.

In the rear wall 13 of the tank 10, opposite the water intake funnel 2, a drain hole 14 is connected to the drain pipe 15. The lower point of the drain hole 14 is located above the upper edge 5 of the neck of the water intake funnel 2, but below the level of the upper edge of the water intake funnel 2, upper edges the side walls of the tray 8, the upper edges of the ends 7 of the grooves 4 (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3, figure 4).

The operation of the device is as follows.

In the warm season, in the absence of snow, during rain, water flows down the roof 3 into the gutters 4, of which it enters the tank 10, then into the water intake funnel 2, from it flows through the drain pipe 16, for example, onto the sidewalk in front of the building ( figure 3). However, water does not enter the drain hole 14 adjacent to the drainage pipe 15, since it is located above the level of the upper edge 21 of the neck of the intake funnel 2.

In the winter season, when the roof is covered with snow, water formed as a result of physical processes flows down the roof 3 and enters the gutters 4, from which it flows into the tank 10 and from it into the drain funnel 2. As a result of the temperature difference and the latter changes to negative values, the water begins to freeze, ice forms, clogging, thereby clogging the existing gutter riser 16 and the intake funnel 2, which cease to drain water from the roof as a result (Fig. 4). The water level in the tank 10, due to the formation of ice inside the grooves 4, as well as on the walls and bottom of the tank 10, rises and reaches a drain hole 14 adjacent to the drain pipe 15. After that, water begins to be drained from the roof through this drain hole. The direction of the water flow is indicated at 29. The freezing of the drain hole 14 is facilitated by the heating of the drainage pipe 15 adjacent to it due to the transported air 17 through the sewage pipe 18 connected to the drainage pipe 15. Thus, overflowing through the gutters 4 and protruding roof parts of the buildings is prevented.

This prevents the formation of large icicles.

Mounting device.

To mount the device first on the roof (figure 5) form a recess 9 (figure 6). For this, in the roof opposite the lower ends of the grooves 4 and the water intake funnel 2, marking, incision and bending of the roof are carried out (Fig.6). The bends 19 of the roof are pressed against the sides of the recess 9. The direction of the bends is shown by arrows 20. The rest of the cut roof between the parts of the bends is removed.

You can create a recess, for example, as follows. First, markup is made, followed by an incision in the area of the lowest part next to the water intake funnel 2 on the other side of the grooves 4. The "excess" edges of the roof are bent upwards for subsequent installation. The incision for the formation of the cavity is made somewhat larger so that the future inserted container 10 can be freely mounted in the formed recess. After that, a container 10 is placed in the formed recess 9, the "excess" edges of the roof, previously bent upward, are bent into the container, pressing against the walls and bottom. Then isolate the tank (Fig.7). The capacity is inclined. On the one hand, it is in contact with the tray 8 and the intake funnel 2, and on the opposite side, in its rear wall 13, a drain hole 14 is made located above the level of the upper edge 5 of the neck of the intake funnel 2. The drain pipe 15 is connected to the drain hole on one side 14, on the other hand, it is connected to the sewage pipe 18, for example, by means of a tee 21 installed on this sewage pipe 18, (FIG. 4) After installation, the device is shown in finished form in FIG. 8. In this case, the drainage pipe 15 may have a different design. For example, it may be a rubber hose. It can also be made of metal, polymeric material, etc. It is most advisable to connect the drain pipe 15 to the tank 10 after it is installed in the recess 9. The connection node may be different, for example, by welding, if the tank and drain pipe are made of metal or using connecting elements. These nodal connections are well known, are selected as a result of conventional engineering design, are not the subject of this utility model and therefore are not disclosed in detail.

In order to more reliably prevent the tank 10 from completely filling with ice and blocking the drain hole, the tank can be additionally equipped with heating means, for example, in the form of an electric heater, in particular, in the form of incandescent spirals insulated by electrical insulation, which heat up when an electric current is passed through them. Such a tool can be mounted in the housing of the tank 10 or in the recess 9 under the tank next to the drain hole 14. The heater can be connected to the electrical network of the house or to a solar panel mounted on the roof of the building or structure. To turn it on, a manually controlled electric switch or an automatic control system can be used, which provides electricity to the heater at a certain outdoor temperature, which causes icicles to form, and also ensures that the temperature of the heater and capacity is automatically maintained at the required optimal level. The brighter and more intense the sunlight that causes the snow to melt, the more intense the solar battery is. The design of the device is obvious and therefore not shown in the figures.

For the same purpose, in order to more reliably prevent the tray from completely filling with ice and blocking the drain hole, the tank 10 can also be equipped with a contact with the heated part of the roof by means of an intermediate part made of heat-conducting material, which is metal rods, the other ends of which are led into the attic for example, their ends are in the warm part of the roof, in particular, inside the attic. Opposite ends can be welded to the container, for example, near the drain hole. Through these rods due to thermal conductivity, heat is transferred to the tank body, heating it. The design of this device, as well as the previous one, is obvious and therefore not shown in the figures.

The applicant also considers it necessary to describe in detail the modification of the claimed device, characterized by the presence of capacity in an additional recess. According to this modification, at least one additional recess 22 with a capacity of 23 can be formed along the length of each groove 4, above it along the roof slope, and a drain hole 25 of the drain pipe 26 is made in the wall 24 of this container, opposite the groove. the lower point 27 of the drain hole 25 is located above the lower point 28 of the gutter 4, in a plane passing through this point of the gutter and the drain hole, while the drain pipe 26 is connected to the sewer pipe 18. Such a technical solution is additionally implemented in the case when the above-described device does not fully cope with the removal of melt water. An additional recess 22 with a capacity of 23 allows you to intercept part of the flow of melt water along the length of the groove 4 and direct it through the drain pipe 26 into the sewer pipe 18, thereby further preventing the formation of ice from it.

The utility model can be widely used in the construction and operation of buildings and structures to prevent the formation of large icicles on the protruding parts of the roofs and facades of buildings and structures and the fall of ice and snow from these parts.

In addition to the given variants of the utility model, numerous other modifications are possible, which are covered by the formula of the utility model given below.

Sources of information taken into account:

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2406807, cl. E04D 13/076, priority date 10/19/2009

2. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2273706, cl. E04D 5/04, priority date 08/16/2004 (prototype).

Claims (10)

1. A device to ensure safety during the formation of icicles on the protruding parts of roofs and facades of buildings and structures and to prevent the fall of large icicles, ice and snow from these parts, including a water intake funnel, a tray and wall grooves located on the sides of the tray on the roof with a slope towards each other friend to the side of the water intake funnel, characterized in that a recess is made in the roof adjacent to the lower ends of the gutters and the tray opposite the water intake funnel, in which a container is mounted, the upper edge of which laid no higher than the roof surface with the possibility of water entering into it through the gutters and the overlying roof with subsequent discharge into the water intake funnel, and in the wall of the tank opposite the water intake funnel, a drain hole of the drainage pipe is made, the lower point of which is located above the upper point of the neck of the water intake funnel, but below the upper edges of the intake funnel, tray and the ends of the gutters, while the drainage pipe of the drain hole is connected to the sewer pipe. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage pipe is connected to the sewage pipe in an area located above its upper water intake point. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage pipe is a rubber hose. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain pipe is made of metal. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage pipe is made of a polymer material. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tank is equipped with a heating means. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the heating means is an electric heater mounted in a container body connected to a solar panel mounted on the roof. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is in contact with the heated part of the roof by means of at least one intermediate part of a heat-conducting material. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the intermediate part is a metal rod, the other end of which is brought into the attic. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one additional recess with a tank is formed along the length of each gutter, above it along the roof slope, and a drain hole of the drainage pipe is made in the wall of the tank opposite the gutter, lower the point of which is located above the lower point of the gutter, in a plane passing through this point of the gutter and the drain hole, while the drain pipe of the drain hole is connected to the sewer pipe.