RU108445U1 - SWIMMING POOL WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

 The swimming pool water treatment system is a complex consisting of: a water circulation unit; pool bowls; a flocculation unit containing a container for a flocculant solution and a pump; a water filtration unit containing a filter; a pH correction unit comprising a container for a pH corrector solution and a pump; a water heating unit with a heating device; a unit for disinfecting water with chlorine or hypochlorite; node supply and removal of water; node quality control of water, characterized in that the node of the water circulation contains a compensation pool; the pool bowl contains side pockets for overflowing water into the compensation pool; the water quality control unit contains a water parameter list analyzer (ASPV) for continuous automatic measurement of pH values of water, its Redox potential, chlorine content in water and its temperature, and further comprises an aquaprocessor programmatically connected to a water parameter list analyzer for continuous regulation and maintenance of the required parameters in automatic mode; the flocculation unit is equipped with an autonomous automatic control system for supplying the flocculant in a predetermined quantity; the filtration unit is equipped with an autonomous system of automatic washing of the filtering elements; the water supply and removal unit is equipped with an automatic water exchange system; the system further comprises a unit for neutralizing accidental emissions of gaseous chlorine.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for preparing swimming pool water. At the time of swimming and bathing, water can enter a person’s mouth, nose, eyes, ears, therefore, water should have the same high sanitary and hygienic indicators as drinking water (SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01). The water treatment system of swimming pools should include a high degree of purification and reliable disinfection.

For the treatment of water in the pool, two fundamental principles are used: mechanical treatment and biological disinfection. Mechanical treatment is the purification of water from inorganic pollutants (dust, debris, dead microorganisms) by means of a filter element. Water disinfection is the destruction of biologically active pollutants and waste products (bacteria, algae, perspiration secretions) by chlorination, ozonation, UV irradiation and other methods.

Hygienic requirements for the device, operation and water quality of any swimming pool must comply with SanPiN 2.1.2.1188-03.

However, these modern sanitary Rules and Norms for the water of swimming pools in Russia do not give a complete picture of the bacteriological quality of the prepared water. This is due to the fact that in the sanitary rules and norms there are no requirements for the values of the acid-base indicator (pH) of water and the values of the redox potential (Redox potential) of water, which are directly related to the bactericidal activity of chlorine and, therefore, to bacteriological water quality. Therefore, these parameters are not controlled when preparing water for swimming pools. The process of water disinfection, subject to all sanitary standards, is carried out under suboptimal conditions in terms of the bactericidal activity of chlorine, and more often comes with an overdose of chlorine (supposedly to ensure guarantees of a high-quality disinfection of water), which leads to the appearance of a sharp smell of chlorine, which causes irritation to the swimmers eyes and nose dries the skin and causes allergic reactions. These shortcomings are attributed to chlorine itself, and not to its overdose or to maintaining it in water not in the most active form and are trying to replace chlorine with other milder disinfectants, although chlorine and chlorine-containing reagents are used to disinfect water in swimming pools around the world. The basis for the choice of chlorine is its unique properties - the aftereffect, i.e. the disinfecting properties of chlorine are maintained for a long time, ensuring the epidemiological and sanitary safety of swimming pools. All other methods of water disinfection, including currently used ozonation and UV irradiation, do not provide a disinfecting effect and therefore require mandatory additional chlorination, without creating any advantages.

The closest to the claimed utility model in terms of the set of essential features among the analogues is the Aqua System “Water Treatment in a Swimming Pool” (www.conon.ru), where a swimming pool and the necessary equipment for water treatment are provided. This water treatment system provides devices for applying combined disinfection methods that use two disinfectants, one of which is capable of maintaining activity in water for a long time. This system provides devices for controlling the pH of water (6.5-8.0), residual chlorine (0.7-1.5 mg / l), oxidation (3-4 mg / l) and other physicochemical parameters.

The disadvantage of this water treatment system for a swimming pool is that this system does not contain equipment that provides reliable water quality, due to outdated methods for assessing water quality that consist of inaccurate dosage of reagents and the lack of pH maintenance systems with sufficiently high accuracy, Redox potential and residual chlorine. This is due to the fact that there is no scientific argumentation of the need, firstly, to control these parameters (pH and Redox potential), and, secondly, to maintain them (residual chlorine, pH, Redox potential) within scientifically sound limits and thirdly, the lack of equipment operating in automatic mode and capable of monitoring, regulating and maintaining these parameters within the required limits with sufficiently high accuracy.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the bacteriological quality of the swimming pool water (large and small) by controlling the physicochemical parameters of the water (residual chlorine, pH, Redox potential, water temperature) in scientifically reasoned ranges with sufficiently high accuracy in automatic mode and reducing chlorine dosing rates.

The technical result provided by the utility model is achieved by the fact that in this utility model, the swimming pool water treatment system, which is a complex, consists of: a water circulation unit; pool bowls; a flocculation unit containing a container for a flocculant solution and a pump; a filtration unit (mechanical purification) of water containing a filter; a pH correction unit containing a container for a pH corrector solution and a pump; a water heating unit with a heating device; a unit for disinfecting water with chlorine or hypochlorite; node supply and removal of water (water exchange); a water quality control unit, and a water circulation unit contains a compensation pool; the pool bowl contains side pockets for overflowing water into the compensation pool; the water quality control unit contains an analyzer of a list of water parameters (ASWR) for continuous automatic measurement of the pH of the water, its Redox potential, the chlorine content in the water and its temperature, which includes the pH of the water and its Redox potential in the automatic control systems, respectively , the chlorine content in the water and its temperature, which contain programmable remote automatic control units of the corresponding automatic actuators; the flocculation unit is equipped with an autonomous system of automatic regulation, the filtration unit is equipped with an autonomous system of automatic washing of filter elements, the water supply and removal unit is equipped with an automatic water exchange system; and also additionally contains an aquaprocessor, which provides software-automatic control of work and automatic correction of the functioning of all automatic systems of the complex, and a unit for neutralizing accidental emissions of chlorine.

This result, improving the bacteriological quality of water, due to the fact that the bactericidal effect of chlorine is caused not by chlorine and hypochlorous acid, which is formed by dissolving the chlorine in the water and ion OCl ^-, formed by the dissociation of hypochlorous acid, and the optimal conditions for the existence of these ions lie in the range of pH 7.4–7.5 [1]. By maintaining the pH of the water within these limits, a higher bactericidal activity of the solution components to biological media is achieved, which leads to a decrease in the rate of residual chlorine in the water and helps to reduce the dose of chlorine.

An increase in the bacteriological quality of water is also achieved due to the discovery by researchers at Harvard University [2,3] of the direct relationship between the Redox potential and the bactericidal activity of chlorine, i.e. bacteriological quality of water. The Redox potential evaluates the ability to kill bacteria and germs, and provides a simple, reliable and accurate picture of the disinfectant's activity and water quality. With one simple measurement of the Redox potential, a series of tests can be eliminated and costly chemical and biological reagents saved.

The Redox potential turned out to be a measurable parameter that responds to many factors affecting water quality (water pH, concentration of residual chlorine in water, concentration of organic and nitrogen-containing contaminants), converts them to (mV) and its value can be used to maintain bacteriological quality of water on the highest level.

The recommended range of Redox potential for swimming pools that meets bacteriological standards is 650-800 mV. In very clean water, the Redox potential can be higher than 800 mV, and if the Redox potential drops below 650 mV, significant bacterial contamination is possible. Therefore, a partial replacement of waste water with fresh water is required. These results led to the recognition of the need for Redox testing in many international and national standards, except for Russia.

The technical result is also achieved because the node for monitoring water quality additionally contains an aquaprocessor programmatically connected to the analyzer of the list of swimming pool water parameters (ASPW), which includes a measuring unit for residual (total) chlorine, a unit for determining pH values, and a unit for determining Redox potential . This allows continuous monitoring, regulation and maintenance of the required parameters in automatic mode with sufficiently high accuracy, which cannot be achieved with manual sampling of water by laborious chemical analysis methods. At the same time, a reduction in chlorine dosing standards is achieved, the negative manifestations of chlorine associated with an overdose of chlorine are eliminated with an increase in the bacteriological quality of the prepared water.

The technical result is also achieved because the basin of the pool additionally contains side pockets, and the circulation unit contains a compensation pool, which allows the exchange of contaminated water in to fresh automatically.

The technical result is also achieved due to the fact that the site of disinfecting water with gaseous chlorine is an automatic chlorinator.

An automatic chlorination system for disinfecting water with gaseous chlorine for a large pool is a complex consisting of a system for preparing and supplying gaseous chlorine to disinfected water; from a system for automatically controlling the flow of gaseous chlorine; from the system for neutralizing accidental emissions of gaseous chlorine, and the system for automatically controlling the consumption of chlorine contains automatic signaling, neutralizing the emergency release of chlorine and localizing the accident, consisting of a chlorine sensor, a chlorine detector in the air, and an emergency signaling device, programmed to an aquaprocessor.

The automatic chlorination plant for disinfecting water with sodium hypochlorite for a small pool is a complex consisting of a system for preparing and supplying sodium hypochlorite to disinfected water and a system for automatically controlling the flow of sodium hypochlorite. Automatic chlorination allows you to increase the accuracy of regulating the flow of chlorine or sodium hypochlorite and the accuracy of dosing of water with gaseous chlorine, which leads to a decrease in the dosage of chlorine.

The technical result is also achieved due to the fact that the circulation of water through the system of its cleaning and disinfection is carried out in such a way that contaminated water from the pool bowl overflows through its top into the side pockets and then into the compensation pool, from which it is pumped through the system of its cleaning and disinfection (flocculation, filtration, pH correction, chlorination) with the introduction of purified and disinfected water into the pool using channels in its bottom. This ensures, firstly, high-quality water treatment and, secondly, safety for users due to the lack of a process for pumping water out of a pool bowl with a pump.

Also, to increase the bacteriological quality of water, the unit for supplying, distributing, exchanging water and removing water additionally contains a container with a flocculant and a container with a pH corrector, programmatically closed to an aquaprocessor, which allows flocculation, filtering, pH correction and return of water to the pool in a continuous automatic mode.

The water treatment complex of the large pool is presented in figure 1. It consists of a pool bowl 1 with side pockets 2, into which dirty water flows by gravity and then through pipeline 3 it flows into the compensation pool 4 and pump 5 pumps water through the cleaning and disinfection system with measuring its quality indicators by the water parameter list analyzer (ASP) 6, sequentially passing the following technological systems:

- a technological system for automatic input and automatic control of the input of flocculant into the water, including a dosing programmable pump 7, which supplies the flocculant solution in a predetermined quantity from the tank 8 through the pipeline 9 to the pipeline 10;

- a technological system for automatic mechanical filtration of water, including a filter for mechanical purification of water 11, which purifies water from mechanical impurities by pumping it through layers of quartz sand with various granulations and activated carbon, with its own processor 12 for automatically controlling the degree of pollution and automatically switching on its own system washing the filter 13;

- a technological system for automatically entering and automatically adjusting the input of a pH corrector solution into water, including a dosing programmable pump 14 that feeds this solution from a tank 15 through a pipe 16 to a pipe with purified water 17 in an amount determined by the signal from the remote control unit for pH correction 18 , which is formed depending on the pH of the water measured by the measuring cell 19 ASPA 6;

- a technological system for automatically controlling the temperature of the water, including a block for heating the water 20 to a temperature determined by the setting value in the remote control unit for temperature 21, which generates a control signal for the block for heating the water depending on the current value of the water temperature detected by the sensor 22 at the input of the block for heating the water and the initial value of the water temperature determined by the sensor 23 ASPV 6;

- a technological system for automatically updating water in a pool bowl, including an automatic shutter for draining waste water 24 and an automatic shutter for blocking its entry into the cleaning and disinfection system 25, an automatic shutter for filling fresh water 26, each of which is controlled by an aquaprocessor 27 through a switching cabinet 28 depending on the parameters the signal supplied to it from the remote control unit Redox-potential of water 29, depending on the value of the Redox-potential of water, determined by measuring cell 3 0 ASPV 6;

- a technological system for automatic disinfection of water, including a subsystem for automatically controlling the dose of chlorine gas introduced into the water, depending on the residual chlorine content in the water, determined by the chlorine measuring cell 31 АСПВ 6, the signal from which is transmitted to the chlorination remote control unit 32, controlling the increase or decrease a water passage through a section of an electromechanical metering valve (EMDV) 33 mounted with a rotameter 34 for visual monitoring of chlorine consumption, which provides the supply of the required amount of chlorine through the chlorine 35 to the ejector 36, through which the treated water is pumped by the pump 37, as well as a subsystem for converting liquid chlorine in the cylinders 38 to the gaseous state, which includes chlorine dispensers 39 with traps-evaporators of drops of liquid chlorine 40 and an automatic switch 41 cylinders to ensure the continuity of the chlorine supply process by automatically switching the chlorine supply line 42 from the empty cylinder to a full one, and this subsystem, excluding EMD, see It was installed in a separate room 43 isolated from other rooms in order to localize possible emergency chlorine emissions from the nodes of this subsystem and to eliminate such emergencies using the emergency chlorine emissions neutralizer 44, which is brought into operation when a critical concentration of chlorine gas detected by the chlorine sensor appears in room 43 45. When it is triggered, the chlorine detector installed in the aquaprocessor 27 includes a neutralizer pump 46, which pumps the neutralizing solution through the neutralizer ejector the torus 47, whereby air with chlorine absorbed through conduit 48 into a stream of a neutralizing solution, which ensures a chemical reaction with the chlorine solution and neutralization, the air returned to the room 43 through conduit 49.

Monitoring the operation of the complex as a whole and correcting the functioning of individual nodes and other technological tasks that are not assigned to the local automation systems listed above are implemented using programmable modules of the aquaprocessor 27, which, using the switching cabinet 28, is directly connected to the corresponding nodes and systems of this utility model.

The water treatment complex of the small pool is presented in figure 2. It differs only in the technological system of automatic water disinfection, since with small volumes of treated water, hypochlorite can be used to disinfect it. In this embodiment, it differs from the water treatment system of the large pool only from position 33, namely: the technological system for automatic disinfection of water in this case has a dosing programmable pump 33 that delivers the hypochlorite solution in a predetermined quantity from the tank 34 through the pipeline 35 to the pipeline 17.

The swimming pool water treatment system works as follows. The water is circulated through the cleaning and disinfection system in such a way that the contaminated water from the pool bowl 1 is poured through its upper part into the side pockets 2 and then into the compensation pool 4, from which it is pumped through the system 5 purification and disinfection (flocculation, filtration, pH correction, Redox correction, chlorination) with the introduction of purified water into the bowl of pool 1 through channels in its bottom. This technical solution of the technological process of water circulation creates a safe environment for users, since the pump 5 pumps out water from the compensation pool 4, in which none of the people are, and at the same time provides high-quality cleaning and disinfection of water. In the process of circulation, water sequentially undergoes technological operations of flocculation, filtration, pH correction and disinfection, as well as heating and updating, which carry out the corresponding treatment and change of water in automatic mode with automatic quality control of processing by measuring devices and automatic generation of control and control signals for automatic actuators (pumps, dispensers, valves, gate valves) as from local programmable remote control units and with the participation of the aquaprocessor software module 27.

Thus, the proposed system for cleaning and disinfecting swimming pool water can increase the bacteriological quality of swimming pool water and reduce the chlorine dosing rate by controlling the physicochemical parameters of the water (residual chlorine, pH water, Redox potential, water temperature) in scientifically-based limits with sufficiently high accuracy due to the process in automatic mode.

Literature

1. A.B. Kozhevnikov, O.P. Petrosyan. Guarantees of sanitary-hygienic water quality and safety of pool operation // Proceedings of the X International Conference "Ecology and Society Development", July 26-29, 2007, St. Petersburg, p.164-168.

2. J. Steinnger D. Eng. Sc., C. Pareja <Eng. Tech. ORP Sensor respons in chlorinated water. - NSPI water Chemistry Simposium, Vol. 1, 1996.

3. J. Steinnger D. Eng. Sc. ORP control in pools and spas / Santa Barbara Control Systems. - Copyright SBCS, 1998.

Claims (1)

The swimming pool water treatment system is a complex consisting of: a water circulation unit; pool bowls; a flocculation unit containing a container for a flocculant solution and a pump; a water filtration unit containing a filter; a pH correction unit comprising a container for a pH corrector solution and a pump; a water heating unit with a heating device; a unit for disinfecting water with chlorine or hypochlorite; node supply and removal of water; node quality control of water, characterized in that the node of the water circulation contains a compensation pool; the pool bowl contains side pockets for overflowing water into the compensation pool; the water quality control unit contains a water parameter list analyzer (ASWP) for continuous automatic measurement of water pH values, its Redox potential, chlorine content in water and its temperature, and additionally contains an aquaprocessor programmatically connected to a water parameter list analyzer for continuous regulation and maintenance of the required parameters in automatic mode; the flocculation unit is equipped with an autonomous automatic control system for supplying a flocculant in a predetermined quantity; the filtration unit is equipped with an autonomous system of automatic washing of the filtering elements; the water supply and removal unit is equipped with an automatic water exchange system; the system further comprises a unit for neutralizing accidental emissions of gaseous chlorine.