RU108035U1 - DEVICE FOR AEROSOLIZING FERTILIZERS AND MEANS OF CORRECTION OF THE VEGETATIVE PLANT PROCESS (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, in particular for indoor floriculture, and in particular to devices for applying fertilizers and means of correcting the vegetative process (growth stimulators, humates, biological products) by aerosolizing them

It is proposed to use the following versions of a cylindrical aerosol can for spraying fertilizers and top dressing, in which a mixture of liquid fertilizer with repellent is loaded.

Option 1: The can is a cylindrical body, in the neck of which there is a spray nozzle with a control valve, connected through the valve to the inside of the can and the tube for supplying the spray agent, and equipped with a trigger head. At the same time, a mixing device is installed inside the can. As the latter, a paddle mixer or an Archimedes screw can be used mounted on the tube with the possibility of rotation around a central axis.

Option 2: Spray can inner surface of which is made of an insulating polymeric material, for example, Teflon or polyethylene. This solution can be implemented as a result of using a coating applied to the metal or as a result of the housing made of the above material.

Option 3: The spray can uses an “Archimedes screw” as a mixer and contains a protective coating on the inner walls of the housing.

Option 4: The can for aerosolizing true solutions consists of a cylindrical body, in the neck of which there is a spray nozzle with a control valve, connected through the valve to the inside of the can and the tube for supplying the sprayed agent, and equipped with a launch head. As a sprayer, in particular, can be used as a separate device associated with the internal volume through the fluid supply pipe, and a device mounted in the housing cover without such a pipe

The aerosol can is compact and convenient for storage at home. The use of the inventive cans makes it possible to obtain an aerosol system having a minimum droplet size that cannot be obtained by spraying. It is economically viable, because reduces specific chemical consumption by 5-10 times and allows standardizing processing technology.

At the same time, the drug in the spray can not come in contact with atmospheric oxygen, which allows you to maintain its quality indicators for a long time.

The use of an aerosol can does not provide for any preparatory operations in comparison with various generators or spray guns, which significantly reduces the cost of labor for processing.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, in particular for indoor floriculture, and in particular to devices for applying fertilizers and means of correcting the vegetative process (growth stimulators, humates, biological products) by aerosolizing them

Currently, fertilizer for plant nutrition is either applied directly to the soil or delivered to the plant zone by watering or laying out fertilizer granules near the plants. The disadvantage of this procedure is the low productivity, the difficulty of standardizing top dressing, and also in the case of liquid fertilizers, the need to prepare solutions from concentrates sold through the distribution network.

A more promising direction is fertilizer and fertilizing plants using aerosols. However, at present, all known devices for aerosolizing fertilizers are designed for the use of large volumes of liquids and cannot be used indoors or for spreading into small groups of green spaces.

Thus, a sprayer is known consisting of a container with liquid fertilizer, a pipeline with nozzles for supplying liquid and compressed air and a nozzle (SU 1248671, 1984). The disadvantage of this sprayer is the low quality of the dispersions, unstable outflow of the air-liquid mixture, large losses of expensive fertilizers.

Known rod sprayers, consisting of a pipe connected to a container with liquid with installed liquid sprayers along its length. These sprayers provide the ability to process large areas (the length of the boom of standard sprayers is ~ 1-6 m). (Jesua. Spraying of Crude and Residual Petroleum Products. Energy Machines, 1979, vol. 101, No. 2, pp. 44-51; Kim KV, Marshall WR Drope-size distributions from pneumatic atomizers. AI Ch. Journal, 1971, v.l7 , No. 3, p.575-584.)

However, due to the low quality of atomization (the diameter of the droplets of the hydraulic atomizers is in the range of 200-500 microns) and the non-compactness of the atomizers, their use is quite limited.

The problem solved by the author was the creation of a compact device for finely dispersed aerosolization of liquid fertilizers for use in the household - in a room, small greenhouses, on a personal plot.

The essence of the proposed solution to the problem lies in the use for spraying fertilizers and fertilizing plants aerosol cans of a cylindrical shape, in which a mixture of liquid fertilizer with repellent is loaded.

Previously, the use of aerosol cans for aerosolization of liquid fertilizers and plant nutrition in the reviewed literature is not described.

Depending on the nature of the fertilizer used, it is proposed to use one of the following spray can options.

Option 1: The can is a cylindrical body, in the neck of which there is a spray nozzle with a control valve, connected through the valve to the inside of the can and the tube for supplying the spray agent, and equipped with a launch head. At the same time, a mixing device is installed inside the can. As the latter, a paddle mixer or an Archimedes screw can be used mounted on the tube with the possibility of rotation around a central axis. Option 1 is used when using suspensions or other compositions as fertilizers during storage forming several phases: for example: solid, liquid and gas-liquid phases.

Option 2: Spray is recommended when using fertilizers as solutions containing ingredients that can cause corrosion during long-term storage, in particular, due to the partial destruction of its structure or due to the presence of corrosive impurities in their composition, which is typical for some nitrogen and / or sulfur-containing fertilizers.

A feature of the design of such a canister is that the inner surface of the body is made of an insulating polymer material, for example, Teflon or polyethylene. This solution can be implemented as a result of using a coating applied to the metal or as a result of the housing made of the above material.

Option 3: The can is recommended when using systems that are sensitive to external influences, such as bacterial fertilizers, which are a suspension of microorganisms in a liquid medium containing nutrients and a protective environment as fertilizers. Such systems, as a rule, are sensitive to external influences and are prone to decontamination. For aerosolization of such fertilizers, it is proposed to use “Archimedes screw” in such cartridges as a mixer and use a protective coating on the inner walls of the housing.

Option 4: The spray can is used for aerosolization as fertilizers and fertilizers of plants of true solutions. In this case, the canister consists of a cylindrical body, in the neck of which a spray nozzle with a control valve is installed, connected through the valve to the inside of the can and the tube for supplying the sprayed agent, and equipped with a launch head. As a sprayer, in particular, can be used as a separate device associated with the internal volume through the fluid supply pipe, and a device mounted in the housing cover without such a pipe.

A General view of the claimed devices is shown in Fig.1-5. In this case, Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a device according to embodiment 1, Fig. 2 shows a diagram of a device according to option 2, Fig. 3 shows a diagram of a device according to option 3, Fig. 4 shows a diagram of a device according to option 4, Fig. 5 shows a diagram of the spray element for the device according to option 4.

The following notation is used:

1 - device body; 2 - cover; 3 - nozzle; 4 - valve with valve spring; 5 - tube for supplying fluid: 6 - start button; 7 - mixer; 8 - inner coating.

The device operates as follows. Liquid fertilizer is loaded into housing 1 and a repellent is introduced, for example, a propane-butane mixture. In this case, an overpressure of 1.5-3 ati is established. During use, press button 6, whereupon valve 4 opens, liquid or gas-liquid mixture flows through tube 5 into nozzle 3 and is sprayed. At the same time, under the influence of the fluid flow from the inner container to the tube 5, the mixer 7 comes into rotation, contributing to the transition of a possible sediment from the bottom and walls of the housing to a suspended state and its further evacuation from the can. Spraying using the device according to options 1-4 is carried out holding the can with the lid up, when using the device according to option 4A, the can is turned upside down.

Using the inventive device allows both point feeding of individual plants and fertilize at the same time individual groups of plants. At the same time, as the experiments showed, the consumption of fertilizers is reduced several times and the feeding efficiency is increased.

Additional advantages of using the inventive devices is the ability to use standard, factory-prepared drugs, additional safety for users when working with toxic substances.

The advantage of the claimed devices over known analogues are:

1. The use of the inventive spray cans is economically advantageous, because reduces specific chemical consumption by 5-10 times.

2. The use of the inventive spray cans allows you to get an aerosol system having a minimum droplet size, which cannot be obtained by spraying, to standardize the processing technology.

3. The preparation located in the can is not in contact with oxygen, which allows it to maintain its performance for a long time.

4. The use of an aerosol can does not provide for any preparatory operations compared to analogues, which significantly reduces the cost of labor for processing.

5. The aerosol can is compact and convenient for storage at home.

The efficiency of using devices is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. To determine the biological effectiveness of foliar top dressing from aerosol cans according to option 1 with a device that improves the mixing of the liquid inside, compared with direct leaf watering, an experiment was conducted on the treatment of Celandine plants (Chelidonium majus L). For processing, aerosol containers with a diameter of 65 mm and a volume of 0.5 L were used; nitrogen was used as a propellant. Watering cans were used for ordinary leaf watering. As a fertilizer mixture was used 1% solution of industrially produced fertilizer Zelenit-1.

A celandine plant from natural flora, 2-3 years old, was planted in a nutrient substrate and after 3 weeks one plot, (2m2) - control and another plot (2m2) - experimental were treated, respectively, by direct watering on leaves and from aerosol cans. Observation of plants showed that after processing they quickly took root, gained strength, began to grow and develop. After the first mowing in the control variant, the weight of the aerial part of the plant was 680 g / m2, in the experiment 900 g / m2. After the second mowing, the weight of the aerial part of the control was 830 g / m2, in the experiment - 1500 g / m2.

Table 1. Results of comparative testing of aerosol spray can and its industrial analogues Option Mowing The mass of the aerial parts of the plant g / m2 Total weight during the growing season The control First mowing: 680 1510 Second mowing: 830 Experience First mowing: 900 2400 Second mowing: 1500

As can be seen from table 1, the processing method using aerosol cans increases the biological efficiency in this case by 60% compared with conventional irrigation.

Example 2. To determine the biological effectiveness of processing from aerosol cans without a mixing device and with smooth inner walls according to Example 4, experiments with medicinal borage (Borago oficinalis L) were carried out in comparison with conventional leaf irrigation. As a fertilizer mixture (working solution) was used a solution of fertilizer "Zelenit-2" available on the market.

The control and experimental plot of the nutrient substrate were each 2m2. Planting was carried out by seeds, and treatments in both the control and experimental versions were carried out at the same time 5 times during the entire growing season. The results of these experiments are presented in table 2.

Table 2. Results of comparative testing of aerosol spray can and its industrial analogues Option The average height of plants, see Weight 1000 erem / g The average number of flowers in one inflorescence, pcs. The average number of fruits formed in one inflorescence, pcs. The average length of the inflorescence (curl), cm The control 60,2 19.35 22.83 13.7 18,4 Experience 68,4 22 26.08 21.75 30.58

The table shows that foliar application using aerosol cans significantly affected all morphometric indicators and values of productivity elements compared to conventional watering.

Example 3. To determine the biological effectiveness of foliar application using aerosol cans filled with a ready-made nutrient solution consisting of 1% ammonium nitrate, 0.8% potassium phosphate and 0.3% potassium sulfate and 0.01% borax, treatments were carried out for the sowing bosom (Galega oficinalis L).

Used aerosol cans with a diameter of 65 mm, a capacity of 0.5 l with smooth inner walls according to option 4a. Nitrogen was used as a propellant. For control, we used direct irrigation of leaves with a fertilizer mixture having the same composition as in the experiment. The results of the experiment are presented in table 3.

Table 3. Results of comparative testing of aerosol spray can and its industrial analogues Option The average height of the plant, cm (at the end of the growing season) Weight of aerial parts g / m2 The average number of runs, pcs. The average number of leaves per shoot Average number
leaves on the main shoot, 2 and 3 orders of pcs. The control 55.5 553.3 2.7 5 14.5 Experience 58.1 710.4 4.3 5 35,4

As can be seen from table 3 and the analysis of plant growth, development, and productivity indicators, individuals treated from aerosol cans of the specimen, due to greater atomization efficiency (creating fog), showed more productivity elements, and the differences with the control are very significant, in some cases more than 100%.

Example 4. To determine the effectiveness of the use of aerosol packaging for foliar top dressing in protected ground conditions, aerosol containers with a capacity of 500 ml were used. equipped with a mixing device placed inside the container according to option 3.

As a working fluid, the Zelenit liquid mineral polymer fertilizer was used in a concentration of 1.5%, and the isobutane-propane mixture was used as a propellant.

The tests were carried out on flower plants (Rosa Rosae) in a protected ground.

For comparison, we used a similar fertilizer using a ROS-27 brand knapsack sprayer. The amount of fertilizer used and its effect on plant growth and development were estimated. The test results are shown in table 4

Table 4. Results of comparative testing of aerosol spray can and its industrial analogues Processing method Number of solution per l / m2 Terms of education and number of inflorescences Flower appearance Knapsack sprayer 0.015 Physiological norm Normal color Aerosol can 0.006 More intense flower coloring

Thus, the use of a 2.5 times smaller amount of fertilizer did not lead to a decrease in its effectiveness, and due to a decrease in the particles of the sprayed substance, its effectiveness even increased.

Example 5. The purpose of this study was a comparative assessment of the results of foliar top dressing using two methods:

1. using aerosol cans according to option 2;

2. Using a household spray gun.

As aerosol cylinders, 350 ml cylinders with a diameter of 45 mm equipped with a spray head of the appropriate type were used. In the control version, a household spring-push type spray gun with a nozzle orifice with a diameter of 0.1 mm, available on the market, was used. As an object of study, a tomato was processed, a variety of domestic selection “Baltic”.

For processing, a fertilizer solution was used consisting of a solution of urea 1.5%, potassium sulfate 0.9%, potassium phosphate 0.6% and borax 0.013%. The experiment and control were carried out in 5 liter plastic vessels filled with soil (sod-podzolic, medium provided with nutrients, easily loamy, pH 6.0). The experiment was carried out in closed ground. Biological repetition was 15 plants. The treatments were carried out during the entire growing season in accordance with the results of functional diagnostics. The results of the experiments are shown in table 5.

Table 5. Results of comparative testing of aerosol spray can and its industrial analogues Option Plant height in cm. The mass of fruits per plant The average mass of the fetus The control 27,2 397 27,2 Experience 31 420.5 thirty

As can be seen from the table, the processing method played a significant role in increasing the productivity of tomato and accelerated its growth, which is of economic importance.

Claims (7)

1. A device for aerosolizing fertilizers and means of correcting the vegetative process of plants, containing a container for a liquid solution of fertilizers and a spray nozzle, characterized in that the container for a liquid solution of fertilizers is made in the form of a cylinder, in the neck of which a spray nozzle is installed with a control valve connected through a valve with the inner part of the spray can and the tube for supplying the sprayed agent, and equipped with a trigger head, while a mixing device is installed inside the spray can. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that as a mixing device it contains a paddle mixer mounted on the tube with the possibility of rotation around a central axis. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, as a mixing device, it comprises an Archimedes screw mounted for rotation around a central axis. 4. A device for aerosolizing fertilizers and means of correcting the vegetative process of plants, containing a container for a liquid solution of fertilizers and a spray nozzle, characterized in that the container for a liquid solution of fertilizers is made in the form of a cylinder, in the neck of which a spray nozzle is installed with a control valve connected through a valve with the inner part of the spray can and the tube for supplying the sprayed agent, and equipped with a trigger head, while the inner surface of the housing is made of polymer material, on Example teflon or polyethylene. 5. A device for aerosolizing fertilizers and means of correcting the vegetative process of plants, containing a container for a liquid solution of fertilizers and a spray nozzle, characterized in that the container for a liquid solution of fertilizers is made in the form of a cylinder, in the neck of which a spray nozzle is installed with a control valve connected through a valve with the inner part of the spray can and the tube for supplying the sprayed agent, and equipped with a trigger head, while a mixing device is installed inside the spray can, and the inner the surface of the body is made of a polymeric material, for example Teflon or polyethylene. 6. A device for aerosolizing fertilizers and means of correcting the vegetative process of plants, containing a container for a liquid solution of fertilizers and a spray nozzle, characterized in that the container for a liquid solution of fertilizers is made in the form of a cylinder, in the neck of which a spray nozzle is installed with a control valve connected through a valve with the inside of the spray can and equipped with a launch head. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the spray nozzle is connected to the internal volume through the fluid supply pipe.