RU107481U1 - ARTIFICIAL LUNG VENTILATION DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. An artificial lung ventilation apparatus comprising a constant flow generator, an inhalation line with flow sensors, pressure and a safety valve, an exhalation line with a flow sensor and a controlled exhalation valve, a patient tee pneumatically connected to the inhalation and exhalation lines, characterized in that additionally introduced an adjustable throttle installed at the output of the constant flow generator, an oxygen concentration sensor installed on the inspiratory line, the first non-return valve installed at the inlet to the controlled apan exhalation unit the oxygen supply source and the pressure module for controlled exhaust valve, and the adjustable throttle yield pneumatically connected to the inspiratory line, and a constant flow generator input - to an oxygen supply unit and through the second check valve - with an inspiratory line. ! 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxygen supply unit is made in the form of a pressure regulator and a first proportional valve with an atmospheric air suction valve installed at its outlet. ! 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the input of the first proportional valve is pneumatically connected to the output of the pressure regulator. ! 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure source module for the controlled exhalation valve is made in the form of a diaphragm pump, a second proportional electromagnetic valve and a pneumatic valve. ! 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the outlet of the diaphragm pump is pneumatically connected to the input of the second proportional solenoid valve and through the pneumatic distributor to the control cavity of the exhalation valve.

Description

The utility model relates to medical equipment, namely, devices for artificial lung ventilation (IVL) and is used in the intensive care and intensive care units of clinical hospitals and medical research institutes.

Artificial respiration devices (artificial ventilation of the lungs, controlled ventilation of the lungs, etc.) are widely known, based on the replacement of air in the lungs with artificial methods when natural ventilation is stopped or insufficient (see, for example, BME, M, 1975, pp. 424-425) .

The disadvantages of the known devices are:

- narrow functionality

- large overall weight characteristics,

- lack of control of operability (serviceability) during use.

The closest analogue in the set of essential features to the claimed utility model is an apparatus for artificial ventilation of the lungs "PHASE" according to patent RU 62016 U1, publ. 03/27/2007, comprising a patient tee, an electric motor with a speed sensor, a blower, a flow sensor, a safety valve and an exhalation valve with a PEEP regulator, a flow sensor and a pressure meter in the patient line, an electric motor control module, a ventilator control module, and a patient tee connected to one output through a safety valve with a pressure gauge in the patient line, and another outlet with an exhalation valve with a PEEP regulator, in addition, the engine speed sensor is connected to the motor control module.

The disadvantages of the known device selected for the closest analogue are:

- the inability to implement modern modes of ventilation support with controlled pressure,

- lack of funds for conducting ventilation with a prescribed mixture of respiratory mixture,

- large overall mass characteristics,

- significant noise during operation,

- low functional and operational qualities.

The task to which the claimed utility model is directed is to expand the functional and operational capabilities of the product.

The technical result consists in improving the quality of ventilation support modes.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in the artificial lung ventilation apparatus comprising a constant flow generator, an inspiration line with flow sensors, pressure and a safety valve, an exhalation line with a controlled exhalation valve and a flow sensor, a patient tee pneumatically connected to the inhalation lines and exhalation, additionally installed:

- adjustable throttle installed at the output of the constant flow generator,

- an oxygen concentration sensor mounted on the inspiratory line,

- the first non-return valve installed at the inlet to the controlled exhalation valve,

- oxygen supply unit,

- a pressure source module for a controlled exhalation valve,

- the output of the adjustable throttle is pneumatically connected to the inspiratory line, and the input of the constant flow generator is connected to the oxygen supply unit and, through the second non-return valve, to the inspiratory line,

- the oxygen supply unit is made in the form of a pressure regulator and a first proportional valve with an atmospheric air suction valve installed at its outlet,

- the input of the first proportional valve is pneumatically connected to the output of the pressure regulator,

- the pressure source module for the controlled exhalation valve is made in the form of a diaphragm pump, a second proportional electromagnetic valve and a pneumatic valve,

- the outlet of the diaphragm pump is pneumatically connected to the input of the second proportional solenoid valve and, through the pneumatic distributor, to the control cavity of the exhalation valve.

A causal relationship between the totality of essential features and the technical result achieved is that:

the placement of an adjustable throttle at the output of the constant flow generator makes it possible to ensure, in accordance with the ventilation parameters set by the operator, the required volumetric velocity of the gas flow and the independence of minute ventilation from pressure in the respiratory circuit;

an oxygen concentration sensor mounted on the inspiration line allows you to control the oxygen concentration in the constant flow of the respiratory mixture supplied by the generator;

an additionally installed oxygen supply unit and its implementation in the form of a pressure regulator and a first proportional valve with an atmospheric air suction valve installed at its outlet, as well as a connection of the input of the first proportional valve with the output of the pressure regulator, ensure the formation of an oxygen-air mixture supplied to the patient by the operator ;

the first non-return valve installed at the inlet to the controlled exhalation valve, in spontaneous breathing mode, provides a patient with an oxygen-air mixture of a predetermined composition from the oxygen supply unit for inhalation to the patient;

the connection of the output of the adjustable throttle with the inspiratory line, and the input of the constant flow generator with the oxygen supply unit and through the second non-return valve with the inspiratory line, allow the patient to form a respiratory mixture of a predetermined composition formed in the oxygen supply unit from the generator of constant flow;

an additionally installed pressure source module for a controlled exhalation valve allows switching gas flows on the inhalation and exhalation of the patient in the controlled lung ventilation modes;

the implementation of the pressure source module for a controlled exhalation valve in the form of a diaphragm pump, a second proportional solenoid valve and a pneumatic distributor, as well as connecting the output of a diaphragm pump to the input of a second proportional electromagnetic valve and, through a pneumatic distributor, with a control cavity of the exhalation valve, allow you to adjust the pressure in this cavity , providing reliable switching of gas flows in the acts of inhalation and exhalation, as well as work in ventilation modes with controlled pressure or with positive end-expiratory pressure (PDKV).

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by graphic images on which are presented

figure 1 - schematic pneumatic diagram of the apparatus,

figure 2 is a block diagram of the algorithm of the apparatus.

The ventilator (Fig. 1) contains a constant flow generator 1 based on an adjustable blower, an adjustable throttle 2, an inhalation line 3, a flow sensor 4, a pressure sensor 5, an exhalation line 6, a controlled exhalation safety valve 7, a flow sensor 8, a patient tee 9, , oxygen concentration sensor 10, first non-return valve 11, oxygen supply unit 12, pressure regulator 13, first proportional solenoid valve 14, atmospheric air intake valve 15, safety valve 16, control pressure source module 17 for controllably a safety valve 7 expiratory line, the diaphragm pump 18, a second proportional solenoid valve 19, way valve 20, second check valve 21.

The device operates as follows.

The main element of the apparatus is the generator 1 (Fig. 1, 2) of the air flow (controlled blower), which supplies a gas stream of a given size and composition to the breathing circuit.

In accordance with the ventilation parameters set by the operator, for example, tidal volume, ventilation frequency and relative inspiratory time, the program of the apparatus calculates the rotation parameters of the blower motor and the degree of opening of the adjustable throttle 2 to provide the required volumetric gas flow rate at the output of the generator 1 and independence minute ventilation from pressure in the respiratory circuit.

After pressing the start button (conditionally not shown in Fig. 1) and attaching the tee 9 to the patient’s airways, the diaphragm pump 18 and the second proportional valve 19 are turned on by a signal from the program in the control pressure source module 17. In this case, the air from the pump 18 exit through the open the air distributor channel 20 enters the control cavity of the exhalation valve 7, increasing the pressure in it, the level of which limits the maximum pressure in the patient’s lungs and is determined by the position (degree of opening) of the second proportional o valve 19, controlled by the program. Under the influence of this pressure, the membrane of the controlled safety valve 7 expiration hermetically closes the line 6 of the exhalation of the patient and the respiratory mixture through the sensor 4 flow through line 3 of the inspiration enters the lungs of the patient. An act of inspiration occurs.

The constituent parts of the inhaled gas, air from the atmosphere and oxygen, enter the suction line of the generator 1 from the oxygen supply unit 12. In this case, oxygen enters the block 12 through the pressure regulator 13 and the first proportional valve 14. The program calculates the oxygen supply from the given concentration and provides it by controlling the proportional valve 14: when the set oxygen supply is less than the specified minute ventilation, the generator 15 s through valve 15 the necessary flow rate sucks in air from the atmosphere. The oxygen concentration in the respiratory mixture supplied by the generator 1 is monitored by a sensor 10 on the inspiration line.

At the end of the inspiratory time, an act of passive exhalation of the patient begins. The gas supply to line 3 of the inspiration stops. At this point, the program includes a pneumatic distributor 20. In this case, the control cavity of the expiratory membrane valve 7 communicates with the atmosphere through the distributor 20, under the pressure in the patient’s lungs, the valve 7 opens and gas from the lungs, through the tee 9, the expiration line 6, the non-return valve 11 and the sensor 8 streams, goes into the atmosphere. The volume of gas exhaled by the patient is determined by the program according to the signals of the flow sensor 8.

The expiration time is determined by the relative inspiratory time specified by the physician (the ratio of inspiratory time to the time of the respiratory cycle). The magnitude of this ratio, the program generates a signal to turn on the gas supply from the generator 1 flow and the beginning of the next breath. The breathing cycle repeats.

In the modes of auxiliary ventilation, the device produces an act of inspiration at the time of the patient's appearance of an independent attempt to inspire, determined by the program by a signal from the sensor 4 flow. Moreover, in all modes of auxiliary ventilation is carried out:

a) switching to inspiration - “downstream”, i.e. due to the appearance of a predetermined flow rate of the inhaled gas in the waiting interval in the tee 9 of the patient;

b) in the interval of waiting for an attempt to supply the line 3 of the inhalation of the set reference gas flow established by the operator to create a small positive pressure in the patient's tee 9. To recognize the attempt, the program compares the sensitivity set by the operator in the form of a flow rate with the speed created by the patient’s attempt in the flow sensor 4;

c) in the absence of a patient’s inhalation - automatic switching to exhalation after the expiration of the waiting interval set by the operator.

The pressure in the respiratory circuit of the device is measured by a pressure sensor 5, the signal of which is processed by the program to indicate the pressure and the alarm when it falls below an acceptable level. In addition, for operation in controlled-pressure ventilation or with PEEP, the program uses the signal from the pressure sensor 5 to control the inclusion of the second proportional valve 19 and the air distributor 20 when the lungs reach the specified levels of inspiratory pressure or end of exhalation.

The safety valve 16 limits the pressure in the inspiratory line to 100 cm of water. Art.

In spontaneous breathing mode, the flow generator 1 is turned off, and the patient inhales the gas mixture through the second check valve 21 and the atmospheric air intake valve 15, and exhales through the exhalation valve 7 and the flow sensor 8.

Thus, the proposed technical solution allows to expand the functional and operational capabilities of the ventilator, improving the quality of ventilation support modes while improving the interface, open architecture and compliance with modern software requirements.

Claims (5)

1. An artificial lung ventilation apparatus comprising a constant flow generator, an inhalation line with flow sensors, pressure and a safety valve, an exhalation line with a flow sensor and a controlled exhalation valve, a patient tee pneumatically connected to the inhalation and exhalation lines, characterized in that additionally introduced an adjustable throttle installed at the output of the constant flow generator, an oxygen concentration sensor installed on the inspiratory line, the first non-return valve installed at the inlet to the controlled apan exhalation unit the oxygen supply source and the pressure module for controlled exhaust valve, and the adjustable throttle yield pneumatically connected to the inspiratory line, and a constant flow generator input - to an oxygen supply unit and through the second check valve - with an inspiratory line. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxygen supply unit is made in the form of a pressure regulator and a first proportional valve with an atmospheric air suction valve installed at its outlet. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the input of the first proportional valve is pneumatically connected to the output of the pressure regulator. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure source module for the controlled exhalation valve is made in the form of a diaphragm pump, a second proportional electromagnetic valve and a pneumatic valve. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the outlet of the diaphragm pump is pneumatically connected to the input of the second proportional solenoid valve and through the pneumatic distributor to the control cavity of the exhalation valve.