RU106726U1 - DEVICE FOR COOLING SOIL WITH LONG EVAPORATION ZONE - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A device for cooling the soil, containing a gravitational heat pipe having a sealed housing capable of refueling with a heat carrier, zones of evaporation, condensation and a transport zone between them, characterized in that the housing of the gravity heat pipe in the evaporation zone and the transport zone is made of easily deformable metal, moreover, along both of these zones or one of them, at least on a part of their length, a rigid support means is mounted on the body of the gravitational heat pipe, and the specified body has a constant diameter. ! 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid supporting means is a protective pipe in which the housing of the gravitational heat pipe is located in the indicated parts. ! 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid support means is a channel, pressed against the body of the gravitational heat pipe in its specified parts. ! 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid supporting means is an angular rolling profile pressed against the body of the gravitational heat pipe in its specified parts. ! 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid support means is a rod pressed against the body of the gravitational heat pipe in its specified parts. ! 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the body of the gravitational heat pipe and the specified bar are curved and in the evaporation zone of the body of the gravitational heat pipe are inclined to the horizontal, and in the condensation zone they are vertical. ! 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid supporting �

Description

The utility model relates to heat engineering, and more specifically to means for cooling the soil based on gravitational heat pipes with an extended evaporation zone.

Known devices for cooling the soil in the form of a gravitational heat pipe containing a sealed enclosure partially filled with coolant with evaporation, condensation and transport zones (see, for example, patents of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2323940 (published on June 27, 2008) [1] and Utility Model No. 68108 (published on November 10, 2007) [2]). These known devices have a rigid body and, therefore, a fixed geometric shape, determined by the shape of the gravitational heat pipe. In particular, in the device according to the patent [1] the pipe is straight, and in the device according to the patent [2] the pipe is bent at an angle close to straight. Such devices are inconvenient for transportation, especially when the evaporation zone is extended and may have a length of the order of several tens of meters.

It is also known a device for cooling the soil according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2387937 (publ. 04/27/2010) [3]. In this device, the body of the gravitational heat pipe in the evaporation zone and in the transport zone or in any one of these zones has one or more inserts made in the form of a bellows enclosed in an elastic metal stocking. In this case, the insert is equipped with a rigid removable holder for fixing the relative position of the sections of the housing, between which the insert is located. A rigid removable clip is made with the possibility of placing around the specified stocking and fixing it to sections of the housing adjacent to the insert. This design allows you to make the device in the factory and transport it to the construction site in the folded state, without requiring the use of vehicles designed for the transport of goods with especially large dimensions. When installing the device at the facility, the pipe body is laid out, and cases are installed on the bellows to give the body the desired shape.

However, the presence in this device of bellows and cases installed on them constructively complicates it, increases the cost and reduces operational reliability. The dimensions of the sections of the body, between which the inserts are installed in the form of bellows, are fixed, which imposes restrictions on the choice of containers for transporting the device, or leads to the need to select the dimensions of the sections of the case during the design and manufacture of pipes, focusing on the available containers and vehicles. In addition, this device is difficult to immerse in the well due to the inconsistency of its transverse size along the length (body sections and the bellows with cases located between them have different diameters). For the same reason, the thermal efficiency of the device located in the well is reduced.

The known device according to the patent [3] is closest to the proposed one.

The technical solution according to the proposed utility model is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in simplifying the design, increasing operational reliability and thermal efficiency, providing more convenient transportation and installation at the facility of a device for cooling soil with a gravitational heat pipe having an extended evaporation zone. Below, when disclosing the essence of the proposed device and describing particular cases of its implementation, other types of technical result achieved will be named.

The device for cooling the soil according to the proposed utility model, as well as the closest known device according to the patent [3], contains a gravitational heat pipe having a sealed housing with the possibility of refueling with a coolant with evaporation, condensation and transport zones between them.

To achieve the specified technical result in the proposed device, in contrast to the specified closest known to it, the body of the gravitational heat pipe in the evaporation zone and the transport zone is made of easily deformable metal, and along both of these zones or one of them, at least in part length, located on the body of the gravitational pipe is a rigid support means, and the specified body has a constant diameter in length.

The described implementation of the proposed device allows for its final assembly with the installation of a hard support means directly at the facility where the device for cooling the soil will be operated. Delivery to the object of the most complex and requiring careful handling during transportation part of the device - the gravitational heat pipe - can be carried out separately by almost any type of transport having sufficient load capacity, since the gravitational heat pipe, the body of which is made of easily deformable metal, can be stacked compactly (rolled into a spiral bent by a snake, etc.). At the same time, various extended metal products delivered to the object for ordinary construction work are suitable for use as another part of the device — a rigid supporting means that provides the necessary rectilinear or curved shape of the body of the gravitational heat pipe. Due to the fact that the diameter of the body of the gravitational heat pipe is constant along its length, the body can be connected to a rigid supporting means with a minimum gap between them. This helps to reduce thermal resistance between the body of the gravitational heat pipe in the evaporation zone and the soil and, therefore, increase the thermal efficiency of the device. At the same time, these factors together provide technological simplicity of manufacturing and installation of the device at the facility, its operational reliability and safety during transportation.

In particular, the rigid support means may be a protective tube in which the housing of the gravitational heat pipe is located in these zones. In this case, the supporting means can be fixed on the body of the gravitational heat pipe using a fixing unit, made, for example, in the form of two joined flanges, one of which is located on the body of the gravitational heat pipe, and the other on the end of the protective pipe. The fixation unit can also be made in the form of a cup fixed with its bottom on the body of the gravitational heat pipe so that the cup covers the end part of the protective pipe.

In addition, the rigid support means can be a rolling profile, in particular, an angle profile or channel, pressed against the body of the gravitational heat pipe in its indicated parts. The rigid support means may also be a bar-shaped rolling profile. This embodiment is advisable, for example, if the body of the gravitational heat pipe is bent. In all these cases, a rigid support means can be fixed to the housing, for example, using clamps or simple wire twisting.

The rigid supporting means can also be made in the form of a removable casing covering the body of the gravitational heat pipe in its indicated parts and made of two halves joined along the length. Such a casing can be made, for example, in the form of two channels with parallel walls facing each other with their shelves.

It is also possible to implement a rigid support means in the form of a combination of a protective tube and a removable casing.

In this case, the lower part of the evaporation zone is located in the protective tube, and in the removable casing the rest of the evaporation zone and the fully or partially transport zone of the body of the gravitational heat pipe are located.

The presence of these and other possibilities of performing a hard support means allows you to make the most appropriate choice of device design depending on the specific conditions of its manufacture and future operation.

The proposed device for cooling the soil is illustrated by the drawings of figure 1 - figure 9, which shows:

- figure 1 and figure 2 - the proposed device with a rigid support means in the form of a protective tube in assembled form, installed on the object, in two special cases, differing in the design of the fixing unit;

- figure 3 - the proposed device with a rigid supporting means in the form of a channel;

- figure 4 - the proposed device with a rigid supporting means in the form of an angular rolling profile;

- figure 5 - the proposed device with a rigid support means in the form of a bar;

- Fig.6 - the proposed device with a rigid supporting means in the form of a combination of a protective tube and a removable casing;

- Fig.7 - the proposed device with a curved body of a gravitational heat pipe, equipped with a rigid supporting means in the form of a rod;

- in Fig.8 and Fig.9 - gravitational heat pipe of the proposed device in a transport state (two examples).

The proposed device for cooling the soil (figure 1, 2) contains a gravitational heat pipe with a housing 2 having an evaporation zone 3, a condensation zone 4 and a transport zone 5. The housing 2 in the evaporation zone 3 and the transport zone 2 is enclosed in a protective pipe 6, performing hard support function. The body of the gravitational heat pipe is sealed and partially filled with coolant (refueling can be carried out both at the manufacturer and directly at the facility where the device will be used; the elements necessary for refueling with the coolant are not shown in these and other drawings). In addition, within the evaporation zone 3 and the transport zone 5 or along the entire length, including the condensation zone 4, the body 2 of the gravitational heat pipe is made of easily deformable metal, for example, AD-00 aluminum alloy. The diameters of the casing 2 of the gravitational heat pipe and the protective pipe 6 are constant along the length of both of these pipes and are selected so that the smallest clearance is ensured between the outer surface of the casing 2 of the gravitational heat pipe and the inner surface of the protective pipe 6, thereby achieving minimal thermal resistance, i.e. . maximum heat removal. In the condensation zone 4, the body 2 of the gravitational heat pipe is equipped with a radiator in the form of fins 14.

Between the transport zone 3 and the condensation zone 4, i.e. on the border between these zones, a fixation unit is installed, with the help of which the body 2 of the gravitational heat pipe is connected to the protective pipe 6. The end part of the protective pipe 6, opposite the installation site of the fixation unit, is muffled to improve its protective function.

The fixing unit in the particular case shown in Fig. 1 consists of two flanges 8, 9. In this case, one of the flanges (position 8) is mounted on the casing 2 of the gravitational heat pipe, and the other (position 9) is on the non-damped end part of the protective pipe 6. A gasket 10 can be installed between the flanges to prevent water from entering the protective tube. Flanges 8 and 9 are joined to each other by means of connecting elements, for example, bolts passed through coaxial holes in the flanges, and nuts.

In the particular case shown in figure 2, the fixation unit is a glass 11, which is fixed with its bottom on the body 2 of the gravitational heat pipe in such a way that it covers and closes the upper end part of the protective pipe 6, preventing water, snow from getting inside the protective pipe, soil and foreign objects (the flange fixing unit of Fig. 1 plays the same role). Due to the fact that the glass 11 covers the end part of the protective pipe 6, mutual fixation of the casing 2 of the gravitational heat pipe and the protective pipe 6 from radial movements is ensured.

In both described particular cases, the presence of a fixing unit does not allow the housing 2 of the gravitational heat pipe to be inserted inside the protective pipe 6 to a length more necessary.

When installing the device at the facility, the protective pipe 6 should be immersed in the soil 40 so that the boundary between the transport zone 5 and the evaporation zone 3 of the gravitational heat pipe coincides with the soil surface or has the required depth (along with the proposed device, as shown in the drawings may not be necessarily vertical in the ground, and the surface of the ground may not necessarily be horizontal).

As mentioned above, the body of the gravitational heat pipe of the proposed device is transported in a bent into a spiral or a snake or the like. way. When installing the device at the facility, the protective pipe 6 is immersed with a blind end face down into the well previously drilled in the soil, the body 2 of the gravitational heat pipe is straightened and lowered into the protective pipe 6 until it closes in the fixing unit.

The protective pipe 6 allows you to place in the soil 40 zone 3 of the evaporation of the gravitational heat pipe without the risk of damage to it at a great depth (for vertical pipes) or long length (for inclined pipes). In addition, the protective pipe protects the body of the gravitational heat pipe in the transport zone from the action of bending wind loads. As already noted, the inner diameter of the protective pipe must be selected to ensure the smallest clearance between it and the body of the gravitational heat pipe. To facilitate the insertion of the body of the gravitational heat pipe into the protective pipe with a minimum clearance, the initially curved body is said to be passed during straightening between calibrating semicircular rollers.

In the figures. 3, 4 and 5 respectively show the proposed cooling device with a rigid support means in the form of a channel, an angular rolling profile and a bar. Fastening the channel (Fig. 3), having a wall 15 and shelves 16, to the casing 2 of the gravitational heat pipe is carried out using clamps 17. The angular profile 20 (Fig. 4) to the casing 2 of the gravitational heat pipe is also carried out using clamps 17. Fastening the rod 20 (Fig. 5) to the body 2 of the gravitational heat pipe is carried out using wire twists 27. In these particular cases, the implementation of the hard supporting means, the latter together with the body of the gravitational heat pipe is lowered into 40 wells pre-drilled in the ground well, after which the remaining space is filled with sand and the well cement mixture.

If the installation of the proposed cooling device, which requires the vertical orientation of the gravitational heat pipe, is carried out in cramped conditions, it is advisable to use a hard support means in the form of a removable casing or a combination of a protective pipe and a removable casing. This allows straightening the body of the gravitational heat pipe, which is in a folded (transport) state, not immediately along the entire length, but in stages, as it dives into the ground. 6 shows the aforementioned combined embodiment. The evaporation zone 3 over a significant part of its length is immersed in a protective tube 6, which is muffled from the lower end, which forms the lower part of the rigid supporting means. The upper part of this tool is a removable casing made of two identical parts, jointly covering the body 2 of the gravitational heat pipe and having a joint line oriented along the longitudinal axis of the body of the gravitational heat pipe. In the case shown in FIG. 6, the casing is made of two identical stacked channels 30, the walls of which are parallel, and the shelves are facing towards each other. Not shown in the drawing, the fastening elements of the parts of the rigid supporting means to the body 2 of the gravitational heat pipe can be performed similarly to those described above. To install a cooling device with such a rigid support means, a borehole is first drilled and pit 36 is made. Then, a protective pipe 6 is immersed in the ground 40. The lower part of the evaporation zone 3 of the body 2 of the gravitational heat pipe is introduced as it straightens. Next, a casing made up of channels 30 is installed and the pit 36 is covered with soil. The casing covers the upper part of the evaporation zone 3 and the transport zone 5.

In the case shown in Fig. 7, the proposed cooling device has a curved body 2 of a gravitational heat pipe with an evaporation zone 3 located with some inclination to the horizon. In order to give the flexible body 2 the necessary shape and fix it, the device of FIG. 7 has a rigid support means in the form of a suitably curved bar 25 fixed to the body 2 by means of wire twists 27. In this case, this embodiment is preferable, since the rigid support means in the shape of the bar can easily be shaped. When installing such a cooling device, the expanded body 2 of the gravitational heat pipe in the evaporation zone 3 is laid along the corresponding part of the rod 25 on a pre-planned soil. Then carry out the filling of the evaporation zone 3 with soil and place the transport zone 5 along the bend of the bar 25 protruding from the slope 41 and its and the vertical part.

Along with the described cases, when the rigid support means has a length practically equal to the total length of the evaporation zone 3 and the transport zone 5, there are possible cases not illustrated by the drawings, when the longitudinal dimension of the rigid support means is less than the specified longitudinal dimension and when it is placed only along one of these zones. Such particular cases are less preferable, however, they can be applied when specific conditions do not allow the use of long, not only monolithic, but even composite rigid support means (for example, similar to that shown in Fig.6). In these cases, for example, only a removable casing covering only the upper part of the evaporation zone and the transport zone, or a shortened protective tube not covering the lower part of the evaporation zone and / or transport zone can be used.

The gravitational heat pipe of the proposed device for cooling the soil has an extended evaporation zone - several tens (up to 25-40) meters. Before transportation to the installation site, the factory-made gravitational heat pipe of the proposed device is bent and gives it a spiral shape or a serpentine shape (i.e. a zigzag shape with smooth conjugation of adjacent rectilinear sections). These particular cases are illustrated respectively in Fig.8 and Fig.9. Transportation is carried out in conventional transport in a protective container, after which the gravitational heat pipe is installed in the working position, connecting with a rigid support means in accordance with the above description.

The proposed device operates as follows. Under the influence of the temperature difference, heat from the soil 40 enters the evaporation zone 3 directly and through the material of the hard support means (or only through the wall of this means, depending on its implementation). This causes the coolant to boil. The heat carrier vapor in the transport zone 5 under the action of a pressure differential enters the condensation zone 4, where it condenses. The liquid phase under the action of gravity flows through the transport zone 5 into the evaporation zone 3, and the cycle repeats. The heat transferred by the heat carrier from the evaporation zone 3 to the condensation zone 4 is released into the environment in the condensation zone equipped with a radiator in the form of fins 14.

The device according to the proposed utility model can be used as a means of freezing soil in the construction of foundations and foundations of various structures erected in permafrost areas. First of all, such objects should include wide (more than 25 m) embankments of railways and roads, tanks with a diameter of more than 25 m, etc.

Information sources

1. Patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2327940, publ. 06/27/2008.

2. Patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 68108, publ. 11/10/2007.

3. Patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2387937, publ. 04/27/2010.

Claims (9)

1. A device for cooling the soil, containing a gravitational heat pipe having a sealed housing capable of refueling with a heat carrier, zones of evaporation, condensation and a transport zone between them, characterized in that the housing of the gravity heat pipe in the evaporation zone and the transport zone is made of easily deformable metal, moreover, along both of these zones or one of them, at least on a part of their length, a rigid support means is mounted on the body of the gravitational heat pipe, and the specified body has a constant diameter. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid supporting means is a protective pipe in which the housing of the gravitational heat pipe is located in the indicated parts. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid support means is a channel, pressed against the body of the gravitational heat pipe in its specified parts. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid supporting means is an angular rolling profile pressed against the body of the gravitational heat pipe in its specified parts. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid support means is a rod pressed against the body of the gravitational heat pipe in its specified parts. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the body of the gravitational heat pipe and the specified bar are curved and in the evaporation zone of the body of the gravitational heat pipe are inclined to the horizontal, and in the condensation zone they are vertical. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid supporting means is made in the form of a removable casing covering the body of the gravitational heat pipe in its indicated parts and containing two parts having junction lines oriented along the longitudinal axis of the body of the gravitational heat pipe. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that said casing is made in the form of two channels with parallel walls facing each other with their shelves. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid supporting means is made in the form of a combination of a protective tube covering the lower part of the body of the gravitational pipe in the evaporation zone and a removable casing covering the upper part of the body of the gravitational heat pipe and containing two parts having joint lines oriented along the longitudinal axis of the body of the gravitational heat pipe.