RU106354U1 - DEVICE FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF SIZES OF ANATOMIC EDUCATIONS IN THREE PLANES WHEN CARRYING OUT MORPHOLOGICAL AND INTRAOPERATIVE RESEARCHES - Google Patents

Abstract

 A device for simultaneously determining the dimensions of anatomical formations, including a standard caliper with movable metal rulers fixed to it, with a graduated millimeter scale, characterized in that a slot with a sleeve fixed in it is located in the center of the moving rulers, a pin with a millimeter notch is inserted inside the sleeve.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine, namely to normal anatomy, surgery, pathological anatomy, topographic anatomy, forensic medicine, can be used to simultaneously determine the size of anatomical formations in various planes during morphological and intraoperative studies.

When studying the variant anatomy of organs and organ systems in morphology and surgery, morphometry is used to assess the linear dimensions of organs, determine their location relative to surrounding formations, bone-cartilage landmarks, conditional lines and planes. These indicators are of scientific and practical importance in the study of variant and typical anatomy, both during fundamental morphological studies and during individual stages of surgical interventions - determining topography, sizes of organs and anatomical structures in order to determine the pathological focus and differential diagnosis between norm and pathology .

The importance of morphometry in predicting the topography of organs on the basis of knowledge of their typical features, depending on the anthropometric indicators of various topographic and anatomical regions, is also undeniable.

Currently, in practical work and scientific research, surgeons, topographic anatomists, anthropologists, forensic experts make the majority of measurements using a linen centimeter tape, a centimeter ruler, caliper, protractor, thick and latitudinal compasses (Bunak V.V. Methodology of anthropometric Research - M.-L., 1931. - 222 p .; Alimov AZ Technique and methodology of anthropometric measurements. - M .: Medgiz, 1955. - 81 p .; Khrisanfova E.N., Perevozchikov I.V. Anthropology. - M., 1991. - 318 p.).

However, a linen centimeter tape quickly wears out and stretches, increasing the error of the measurements.

Using a centimeter ruler, it is convenient and affordable to measure the linear dimensions of superficially located formations or separately extracted organs, but it is rather difficult, and often impossible to accurately determine the parameters characterizing the location of an object of interest on the whole organocomplex relative to surrounding formations without their intersection or in the depth of the surgical wound . Using a ruler, an accurate determination of the depth of the location of organs and anatomical structures in relation to the surface of the body and bone-cartilage landmarks is technically impossible.

Another common measuring device is a caliper. With its help, one can easily determine the linear dimensions of volumetric formations having different shapes, but only in one measured plane.

There is a caliper containing a bar with a reading scale and a fixed jaw mounted on the bar with the ability to move the movable jaw and auxiliary jaws mounted, respectively, on the fixed and movable jaws (German patent 2030765, G01B 3/20, declared 28.06.1970, publ. . 12/30/1971).

Close in design is a caliper containing a bar with a reading scale and a fixed jaw mounted on the bar with the ability to move the frame with a movable jaw connected to it and auxiliary jaws fixed to the movable and fixed main jaws with a screw device, characterized in that the auxiliary jaw is fixed on the main one by means of a clamp covering the main and auxiliary sponges, and installed in the clamp, an L-shaped clamp in contact with the outer surface of the main a sponge, while the surfaces of the clamp and the L-shaped clamp in contact with the main and auxiliary sponges are coated with copper, and the screw is installed in the cross-shaped end insert of the clamp located behind the large shoulder of the L-shaped clamp (US Pat. RU No. 2212018).

A well-known depth gauge comprising a movable rod with divisions, one end of which is a measuring probe, a housing with a support plane perpendicular to the rod and a vernier placed on the housing. In this case, the measuring probe is made in the form of an expanding spring rod, the working surface of which corresponds to the shape of the contoured contoured surface. Using this depth gauge, it is possible to measure only the depth of blind holes with a shaped bottom.

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a caliper type SHTs-1 with two-sided jaws for external and internal measurements and with a ruler for measuring depth. It contains a rod, a movable frame with a nonius, as well as a depth gauge line (vernier caliper according to GOST 166-89).

A disadvantage of the known caliper design is the impossibility of measuring the diameters of formations having small dimensions (less than 3-4 mm), since the sponges used for internal measurements are of little use for these purposes. And this limits the scope of the caliper of this design.

The technical result of the development of the model is the creation of a device that allows measurements of the size of anatomical formations simultaneously in three planes of the human body, especially deeply located formations.

The proposed device consists of: a standard caliper (1), movable rulers (2), screw mounts (3), a sleeve with a hole and screw mount (4), a pin with a millimeter notch (5).

The device operates as follows. Using screw fasteners (3), metal rulers (2) graduated with a millimeter scale are attached to the caliper jaws (1). They freely extend along the sagittal axis. In the middle of these rulers is a sleeve (4), freely fixed in the slot of the extendable ruler (2). A pin with a millimeter notch (5) is fixed inside the sleeve.

Thus, using this tool, it is possible to simultaneously measure in three projections of the human body: the standard vernier caliper scale (1) is mixed in the frontal plane, the additional retractable rulers (2) are mixed in the sagittal plane, the movable pin with the millimeter notch (5) is mixed in the horizontal plane. Three sizes are determined in one technical procedure, which significantly reduces the measurement time.

The proposed utility model was used to study typical features of the topography of the trachea, esophagus, cervical region of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (VGN), thyroid arteries, parathyroid glands, and other anatomical objects of the anterior neck region.

Example. To determine the transverse size of the trachea in the horizontal projection and the anteroposterior - in the sagittal projection, the distance from the anterior surface of the trachea to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, that is, the depth of its occurrence, and the distance from the recurrent laryngeal nerve to carry out the following manipulations. Caliper jaws (1) are located on the surface of the trachea at the level of the lower edge of the thyroid gland, which corresponds to the horizontal plane. The transverse size of the cervical trachea at the measured level was 2.18 cm.

Without changing the position of the caliper, additional retractable rulers (2) extend downwards, which corresponds to the sagittal plane, to a conditional line passing through the intersection point of the lower thyroid artery with the reciprocal-laryngeal nerve - the distance was 1.7 cm. Next, the rod-needle (5) is extended forward, which corresponds to the frontal plane, to the intersection of the lower thyroid artery and the reciprocal-laryngeal nerve - the distance was 1.4 cm.

Measurements using the proposed instrument were performed on 426 corpses of persons of both sexes and 74 patients with neoplasms in the thyroid gland, which made it possible to identify exact topographic and anatomical relationships of the above anatomical formations and give methodological recommendations to practicing surgeons during surgical interventions on the thyroid gland in order to prevent bleeding and damage back laryngeal nerve.

Such measurements cannot be made known by measuring instruments. The device allowed to significantly reduce the study time, to facilitate the determination of projection points. Carrying out similar measurements using a conventional caliper represented technical difficulties due to the inability to project the location points of anatomical objects on the studied plane.

Description to figures

Figure 1. General view of the device

1 - standard vernier caliper

2 - extendable rulers,

3 - screw mounts,

4 - bushings with a hole and screw fastening

5 - pin, with a millimeter notch applied.

A - frontal plane;

B - horizontal plane.

Claims (1)

A device for simultaneously determining the dimensions of anatomical formations, including a standard caliper with movable metal rulers fixed to it, with a graduated millimeter scale, characterized in that a slot with a sleeve fixed in it is located in the center of the moving rulers, a pin with a millimeter notch is inserted inside the sleeve.