RU106243U1 - COMPLEX FOR PROCESSING AND FULL DISPOSAL WITH WASTE WATER DISPOSAL CONSUMPTION - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A complex for processing and complete utilization with neutralization of sewage sludge, containing sections for sludge dewatering, drying, molding products, flue gas treatment unit, characterized in that the sludge dewatering section is connected through the processing and preparation of the technological mass, molding section, drying section and heat treatment, a kiln and a refrigerator with a warehouse of finished products; the sludge dewatering section is equipped with a thermal decontamination unit connected to the flue gas cleaning unit and an ash supply hopper, the input of which is connected to the outlet of the flue gas cleaning unit; the drying and heat treatment section is equipped with a drying drum, the input of which is connected to the output of the molding section and the output of the kiln, and its outputs are connected to the exhaust gas purification unit and through the stock hopper of the semi-finished product with the kiln. ! 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a corrective additives unit, the outputs of which are connected to the ash supply hopper, with areas for processing and preparation of the technological mass and molding.

Description

The complex for processing and complete utilization with the disposal of sewage sludge refers to the treatment of sewage sludge and can be used to obtain building materials for various purposes.

Utilization of production and consumption waste is one of the urgent tasks of our time. Accumulation of unused waste in Russia, according to expert estimates by NITsPURO (Research Center for Resource Saving and Waste Management), reached 80-90 billion tons. More than 2.7 billion tons of industrial waste are generated annually. Ensuring the livelihoods of people is also associated with the constant generation of significant amounts of waste - from the "tailings" of water treatment to the technological waste of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP).

The most acute problem of the treatment of stored wastewater from wastewater treatment plants and reclamation of landfills is for megacities where there is a general sewage system, which contributes to the pollution of waste with inorganic and organic ecotoxicants, including heavy metals, phenols and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), in concentrations significantly exceeding MPC. Landfills are constant sources of pollution of the atmosphere, groundwater and soil: due to the high content of organic substances, the deposited waste is an uncontaminated and unstabilized mass, subject to decomposition and decay processes with the formation of biogas and water. The migration of ecotoxicants into the environment leads to a deterioration of the ecological situation in the territories adjacent to the landfill and in settlements.

The organization and maintenance of storage polygons require large material costs and the withdrawal from the economic turnover of vast territories.

The well-known "Complex for the processing of biomass" according to the patent No. 75654 of 04/09/2008, published on 08/20/2008. IPC C05F 7/00, containing a biomass dehydrator, a dryer, a gas generator with an ash pan, the gas outlet of which is connected to a gas purification and cooling device, and equipped with a heat generator, at least one additional dehydrator, a granulation or briquetting device for dried biomass, while the dehydrators are connected in series with each other, the heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the second dehydrator and connected to the heat generator to circulate the coolant through the gas exchanger, the output of which is connected to the dryer connected with the gas outlet of the heat generator by a pipe in which the mixer is installed, the return channel is connected to the dryer gas outlet, the outlet of which is connected to the granulated or briquetted device of the dried product associated with the gas generator, the gas outlet of which can be connected to the generator through the cleaning and cooling device electric current and / or with a heat generator.

The presence of several dehydrators complicates the scheme, and the detoxification of ash, just before being sent to the consumer, worsens the environmental conditions of the entire complex, due to the work with the uncontaminated product.

A device for the treatment of sewage sludge according to patent RU 2354613 "Method for the treatment of sewage sludge and a device for its implementation" dated 07/05/2007, published on 05/10/2009, IPC C02F 11/10, containing a sludge supply system, a former, a drying chamber and a pyrolysis chamber , combustible gas return system, exhaust gas return system.

In this device, excess combustible gases are burned in the atmosphere in a flare, and exhaust gases and steam are removed into the atmosphere, thereby upsetting the ecological balance around the installation.

The device does not allow to utilize, disinfect and process into inorganic products inorganic components of the WWS sludge - in the form of slag components.

The closest in technical essence is the “Wastewater Sludge Processing System” according to patent RU No. 2309129 dated 07.17.2006, published on 10.27.2007, IPC C02F 11/18, containing units for sludge dewatering, drying and burning of dehydrated sludge, and ash removal from flue gases and purification of flue gases, a unit for manufacturing products from autoclaved ash-foam concrete (AZPB), an ash extraction unit, an ash processing unit and a steam extraction unit, the AZPB unit using the ash extraction and processing units connected to the ash removal unit from the flue gases, and using selection unit steam - with a block for drying and burning sludge.

The system does not provide complete processing of the ash residue, since it provides for a unit for accumulating and removing excess ash, with subsequent removal and storage at the landfill, which creates an environmental hazard from spraying it during loading and unloading and transportation due to dusting and dispersion of highly toxic heavy metals .

Due to the frequency of operation of the autoclave, the duration of exposure in it of products under pressure at elevated temperatures, it limits and reduces the overall productivity of the process and reduces the volume of products. The release of only one type of product - autoclaved ash-foam concrete (AZPB) reduces the utilization rate of other equipment of the complex and the technical and economic indicators of the entire complex.

To obtain commercial products AZPB necessarily use such raw materials as cement, lime, which themselves have consumer value, and increase its value.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a complex for complete, high-performance disposal with the disposal of large-scale waste generated during wastewater treatment, and its processing, without the formation of residual ash waste, into raw materials and products with consumer value. The problem is solved by a complex for processing and complete utilization with neutralization of wastewater sludge containing sections of sludge dewatering, drying, burning dehydrated sludge, molding products, ash removal units from flue gases and flue gas treatment, while the sludge dewatering section is connected through a section for processing and preparing the technological mass, a molding section, a drying and heat treatment section, a calcination furnace and a refrigerator, with a finished product warehouse; the sludge dewatering section is equipped with a thermal decontamination unit connected to the flue gas cleaning unit, and an ash supply hopper, the input of which is connected to the outlet of the flue gas cleaning unit; the drying and heat treatment section is equipped with a drying drum, the input of which is connected to the output of the molding section, and the output of the firing furnace, and its outputs are connected to the exhaust gas purification unit, and, through the stock tank of the semi-finished product, with the firing furnace; the complex is equipped with a corrective additives unit, the outputs of which are connected to the ash supply hopper, to areas for processing and preparation of the technological mass, and molding.

Connection of the sludge dewatering section through the processing and preparation mass section, molding section, drying and heat treatment section, firing oven and refrigerator, with a finished product warehouse, supplying the sludge dewatering section with a thermal decontamination unit connected to flue gas cleaning unit 6 and a stock hopper ash, the input of which is connected to the output of the flue gas cleaning unit 6, the connection of the drying drum of the drying and heat treatment section, with the output of the kiln, and the connection of its outputs with om purification of exhaust gases, and, through the semi-finished product storage hopper, with a kiln, supplying corrective additives to the unit, the outputs of which are connected to the ash storage hopper, with areas for processing and preparation of the technological mass, and molding, allows the complex to ensure complete processing and double neutralization of sludge and ash into commercial products with heat recovery, which reduces the energy intensity of the entire complex, decontaminate the ash at the first stage and collect ash from the exhaust flue gases, which creates an environmentally friendly tanovka around the entire complex, in continuous mode.

The drawing shows a complex for processing and complete utilization with neutralization of wastewater sludge, where heat dehydration section 1, processing mass preparation and preparation section 2, molding section 3, drying and heat treatment section 4, thermal decontamination unit 5, flue gas treatment unit 6, hopper 7 ash stock, ball mill 8, mixer 9, corrective additives assembly 10, screw press 11, hole rollers 12, disk granulator 13, drying drum 14, semi-finished stock reserve hopper 15, kiln 16, refrigerator 17, treasure 18 of finished products, the unit 19 for purification of waste gases.

The complex for processing and complete utilization with neutralization of sewage sludge is made as follows.

The complex contains a sludge dewatering section 1, connected through a processing and preparation slurry section 2, a molding section 3, a drying and heat treatment section 4, a calcination furnace 16 and a refrigerator 17, with a finished product warehouse.

The complex uses standard equipment for dosing, mixing and homogenizing components, which simplifies and cheapens the production line.

Sludge dewatering section 1 is equipped with a thermal decontamination unit 5 connected to the flue gas cleaning unit 6, and an ash supply hopper 7, the input of which is connected to the output of the flue gas cleaning unit 6; the drying and heat treatment section 4 is equipped with a drying drum 14, the input of which is connected to the output of the molding section 3, and the output of the calcining furnace 16, and its outputs are connected to the exhaust gas purification unit 19, and, through the stock hopper of the semi-finished product 15, with the calcining furnace 16; the complex is additionally equipped with a node 10 corrective additives, the outputs of which are connected to the hopper 7 of the stock of ash, with sections 2 of the processing and preparation of the technological mass, and 3 molding.

The output of the processing and preparation section 2 of the process pulp is connected through the input / output of the molding section 3 containing the screw press 11, the hole rollers 12, the plate granulator 13, with the input of the drying and heat treatment section 4 containing the drying drum 14, the semi-finished product storage bin 15.

The output of the drying and heat treatment section 4 is connected, through the kiln 15 and the refrigerator 17, to the finished product warehouse 18.

The complex for processing and complete utilization with neutralization of sewage sludge works as follows.

Sludge from sludge cards (WWS) enters dehydration section 1, into thermal decontamination unit 5 for preliminary decontamination and release from organic components at a temperature of 700-800 ° C, at which reliable disinfection from pathogenic microorganisms and helminths occurs, which ensures the decomposition of toxic gases as a part of emissions. The exhaust flue gases are sent to the gas treatment facilities to the flue gas treatment unit 6, the ash residues from which are fed to the ash storage bin 7 to the dewatering section 1.

The ash obtained after heat treatment is sent to section 2 of the processing and preparation of the technological mass, where they produce fine grinding (less than 0.08 mm) in a continuous ball mill 8. Fine powder enters the continuous mixer 9, together with additional components and binders from the node 10 corrective additives.

After thorough processing and homogenization of the mass in the continuous mixers 9, it is fed to the molding section 3.

Molding is carried out by any known device, using standard equipment, depending on the moisture and plasticity of the mass, or in a plastic way on a screw press 11, or perforated rollers 12; either by rolling on a platelet granulator 1 with corrective additives from unit 11, or by a semi-dry method using pressing.

The formed semi-finished product from the outlet of the forming section 3 is sent to the drying section 4 in the drying drum 14 and through the stock hopper of the semi-finished product 15, to the calcining furnace 16. In addition to the drying drum, other standard equipment, for example a conveyor dryer, can be used.

The exhaust gases from the kiln 16 are sent to the drying drum 14, for reuse, which reduces the total energy consumption for the operation of the complex, and through the exhaust gas purification unit 19 to the atmosphere.

In the kiln 16, the material is calcined at a temperature of 900-1200 ° C (depending on the composition of the charge and the type of product obtained). An additional neutralization of the material occurs, by the formation of a pyroplastic mass, which includes heavy metal ions (lead, mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic). The pyroplastic mass (the melt formed by temperature exposure) also includes trace elements present in the sediments (calcium, copper, molybdenum, zinc). Thus, in the process of high-temperature structure formation, these metals are embedded in the ionic structural network of the material; this ensures the binding strength of heavy metals.

It should be noted the negative role of trace elements in the composition of sediments: in combination with more harmful toxic components - heavy metals, they increase the toxic effect on the body. Therefore, their reliable binding in the composition of the glass phase of the material is also a significant factor in disinfection.

As corrective additives in node 10, local natural and technogenic materials can be used: clays (primarily substandard, underutilized), ashes, flasks, tripoli, diatomites, etc.

The high-temperature formation of the material structure provides the most reliable binding of toxic heavy metals at the ion-molecular level with the formation of a long-lasting structure that maintains stability under conditions of long-term operation under changing temperatures and the simultaneous exposure to humidity and frost.

As a result of high-temperature sintering, heavy metals form strong bonds in the structure of the material, in contrast to the known methods (for example, by bonding them through chemisorption processes and the formation of a sorption active mineral matrix (RF Patent RU No. 2293070).

The strength of the structure in our case is due to the introduction of heavy metal ions and trace elements into the structure of the formed material at the molecular level during solid phase sintering with the subsequent formation of a glass phase, and an even more intense sintering process involving the liquid phase of the melt. The material after firing serves for cooling in the refrigerator 17 and the finished product warehouse 18.

The advantage of the proposed complex is the continuity of the process and high performance at all technological stages. As a result, an increase in the volume of waste processing, their large-scale use for obtaining useful products is achieved. The resulting material has useful consumer properties.

The complex allows to obtain material that, after double disinfection, has reliable environmental safety, in the form of granules or crushed stone, with different density and strength, depending on the needs of the customer, by changing the composition of the process weight, types of binders and technological parameters, heat treatment temperature.

The complex allows to obtain aggregates for concrete for general construction and special purposes (heat-resistant and refractory for the needs of high-temperature insulation) and road materials in the form of gravel or crushed stone.

One of the most important areas of application of the resulting products is use in construction, in particular in road construction.

As a result, not only environmental, but also technical and economic significance is achieved, since the problem of road construction is very relevant. Given the fact that most of our country is deprived of high-quality natural stone material for road construction due to flat geography, the consumer value of the resulting building material is undeniable.

Another significant environmental and economic advantage of the complex is the possibility of the simultaneous disposal of other large-tonnage waste, such as ash.

Practice has shown that the proposed complex has high productivity (about 200 thousand tons of waste per year) in the construction of only one technological line. This provides significant volumes of waste disposal with their processing into useful environmentally friendly products and allows you to:

- significantly improve the environmental situation;

- exclude the costs associated with the elimination of the environmental consequences of the storage and content of waste on sludge cards;

- significantly reduce the volume of waste transported to landfills, sludge cards;

prevent the expansion of land used for landfill;

- get useful products that are in demand in the national economy without the use of finished building materials, such as cement, lime as additional components;

- exclude transportation costs for the transportation of ash waste and the threat of spraying it during loading and unloading and transportation.

The technical effect is the creation of a complex for the full, high-performance disposal with disposal, of large-tonnage waste generated during wastewater treatment, and its processing, without the formation of residual ash waste, into raw materials and products of consumer value, due to the fact that the dehydration section the sludge is connected, through the processing and preparation of the technological mass, the molding section, the drying and heat treatment section, the kiln and refrigerator, with the finished product warehouse; the sludge dewatering section is equipped with a thermal decontamination unit connected to the flue gas cleaning unit, and an ash supply hopper, the input of which is connected to the outlet of the flue gas cleaning unit; the drying and heat treatment section is equipped with a drying drum, the input of which is connected to the output of the molding section, and the output of the firing furnace, and its outputs are connected to the exhaust gas purification unit, and, through the stock tank of the semi-finished product, with the firing furnace; it is equipped with a corrective additives unit, the outputs of which are connected to the ash reserve hopper, with areas for processing and preparation of the technological mass, and molding.

Claims (2)

1. A complex for processing and complete utilization with neutralization of sewage sludge, containing sections for sludge dewatering, drying, molding products, flue gas treatment unit, characterized in that the sludge dewatering section is connected through the processing and preparation of the technological mass, molding section, drying section and heat treatment, a kiln and a refrigerator with a warehouse of finished products; the sludge dewatering section is equipped with a thermal decontamination unit connected to the flue gas cleaning unit and an ash supply hopper, the input of which is connected to the outlet of the flue gas cleaning unit; the drying and heat treatment section is equipped with a drying drum, the input of which is connected to the output of the molding section and the output of the kiln, and its outputs are connected to the exhaust gas purification unit and through the stock hopper of the semi-finished product with the kiln. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a corrective additives unit, the outputs of which are connected to the ash supply hopper, with areas for processing and preparation of the technological mass and molding.