RU104171U1 - SEA WATER TREATMENT PLANT - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. Installation for desalination of sea water, including a device for preheating the salt water supplied for desalination, a device for desalting water, with heat exchangers and fresh water collectors located in them, characterized in that the device for preheating the salt water supplied for desalination is made in the form of thermoelectric hydrodynamic installation, which is connected to an intermediate heat exchanger equipped with a nozzle for supplying hot brine, an intermediate heat exchanger it is automatically connected to heat exchangers located in devices for desalination of sea water, which operate at pressures lowering from the last device to the first in the process, the last device being hydraulically connected to a thermoelectric heat engine, the outlet pipe of a thermoelectric heat machine is hydraulically connected to devices for desalination of sea water, while the first device for desalination of sea water is connected by a pipeline for supplying hot brine to the intermediate heat exchanger, as well as to the tank for storing desalted sea water. ! 2. Installation for desalination of sea water according to claim 1, characterized in that it further includes a three-stage installation installed on the supply line of sea water for desalination, and connected to a thermoelectric hydrodynamic installation for preheating sea water, the installation includes a device for cleaning water from mechanical impurities, coarse particles and microorganisms, gas separator for cleaning

Description

The utility model relates to the field of creating plants for producing demineralized water from marine and natural brackish and salt waters, which can be used in the food, agricultural, oil and gas industries, and also used for various needs of the population.

Known RF patent No. 2206510 dated 06/20/2003 "Installation for desalination of sea water." The installation consists of vertical rows of horizontally installed hot panels and vertical rows of cold panels, which are installed with a gap between them in a vacuum case. The heating and evaporation of sea water is carried out on the outer sides of the hot panels, and the condensation of the produced steam is carried out on the outer sides of the cold panels, for which a working fluid (heated water) is pumped from the internal cavities of the hot panels from the additional heat source, and sea water is pumped through the internal cavities of the cold panels water.

The well-known "Heat pump desalination salt water" according to patent RU No. 2363662 from 08/10/2009, which is the closest in technical essence to the claimed utility model.

The desalination plant comprises a salt water evaporation chamber, a fresh water vapor condensation chamber, a closed working medium circuit equipped with a compressor and comprising a salt-water heating heat exchanger in the evaporation chamber and a salt water heat exchanger installed in the fresh water vapor condensation chamber, and a working substance heat exchanger installed in the fresh water vapor condensation chamber - fresh water vapor "condensation of fresh water vapor. The compressor output is connected to the inlet of the salt water-working medium heat exchanger for heating salt water. The output of the working substance from the salt water-working substance heat exchanger of the salt water heating is connected to the working substance inlet to the working substance-fresh water vapor heat exchanger of the fresh water condensation chamber. The output of the working substance from the heat exchanger "working substance - fresh water vapor" condensation of fresh water vapor is connected to the inlet to the compressor. The salt water supply circuit for desalination includes a heating chamber, while a salt water supply system equipped with a pump is connected to the lower part of the heating chamber, and a heated salt water drainage system is connected to the upper part of the chamber to the upper part of an additionally installed scrubber.

As the working substance, low-boiling working substances, for example, carbon dioxide, halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons or mixtures based on them, are used.

The objective of the utility model is to create an environmentally friendly installation for desalination of sea water completely eliminating the use of liquid, solid and gaseous fuels.

The technical result when using the invention is to reduce the specific energy consumption for desalination of salt water, increase the environmental safety of the process of desalination of salt water, to obtain the possibility of expanding the performance range of desalination plants, as well as increasing their reliability by providing the possibility of complete automation of the process.

The technical result is achieved by creating an installation for desalination of sea water, in which a semiconductor high-temperature material is used as a heating element and refrigerant, which is not harmful to the environment.

The installation provides a normalized level of desalted sea water parameters with a pH of 5.5 - 6.

The installation was carried out with a series-parallel assembly of a thermoelectric hydrodynamic installation for pre-heating water and a thermoelectric heat engine and water desalination plants, which provides the necessary performance of the desalination plant.

The installation includes a device for preheating the salt water supplied for desalination, a device for desalting water, with heat exchangers and fresh water collectors located in them.

The pre-heating device for desalinated salt water is made in the form of a thermoelectric hydrodynamic installation, which is connected to an intermediate heat exchanger equipped with a nozzle for supplying hot brine, the intermediate heat exchanger is hydraulically connected to heat exchangers located in the devices for desalination of sea water, which are hydraulically connected to the thermoelectric heat engine providing heating of the brine to predetermined temperatures.

The heat exchangers located in the devices for desalination of sea water operate at pressures decreasing from the last device to the first in the process line, the last device being hydraulically connected to a thermoelectric heat engine, the outlet pipe of a thermoelectric heat machine hydraulically connected to a device for desalting sea water at a lower pressure, the outlet of which is connected to the first device for desalination of water, which is connected to the hot brine supply line to the intermediate heat exchanger as well as to the storage tank for demineralized water.

The water desalination installation further includes a three-stage installation installed on the desalination water supply line and connected to a thermoelectric hydrodynamic installation for pre-heating sea water, the installation comprising a device for purifying water from mechanical impurities, coarse particles and microorganisms, a gas separator for water purification from excess gas-containing fractions of CO, CO2, N2, CH4 connected to a thermoelectric hydrodynamic installation.

Thermoelectric heat engine and hydrodynamic thermoelectric installation for preheating water are made using Peltier thermoelectric elements according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 82137 dated 20. 04.2009.

The proposed device can be made in container design in the form of separately mounted and interconnected hydraulically and electrically devices with a dedicated automatic control panel and provides desalination of sea water under any climatic conditions.

Installation for desalination of sea water can be equipped with all the necessary devices for monitoring the operation of devices and mechanisms. The control and measuring equipment used in the production process - temperature controllers, pressure sensors and level gauges are installed on the measuring units of instrumentation and automation, electrically connected to the control panel of the desalination plant.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of the desalination plant where:

1 - a pump for supplying water, 2 - a three-stage installation for the purification of sea water (includes cleaning from mechanical impurities - the first stage, cleaning from fine particles - the second stage, cleaning from microorganisms - the third stage), 3 - pipeline for removing impurities from the cleaning installation 4 - gas separator for purifying water from excess gas-containing fractions, 5 - pipeline for removing excess gas-containing fractions in sea water, 6 - hydrodynamic thermoelectric installation, 7 - heat exchanger for preheating and brine, 8 — a pipeline for partially supplying brine to a heat exchanger 7, 9 — a pipeline for draining brine, 10 — a tank for storing desalted water, 11 — a pipeline for supplying hot brine, 12, 13, 14 — devices for desalting sea water, 15 , 16, 17 - heat exchangers for condensation of demineralized water, 18 - thermoelectric heat engine for heating brine, pockets for collecting fresh water 19, 20, 21.

Pump 1 feeds seawater into a three-stage purification plant from mechanical impurities, finely dispersed particles and microorganisms 2. From purification plant 2 through a pipe 3, mechanical impurities and microorganisms are discharged to an intermediate storage tank for subsequent disposal, and purified seawater from impurities enters a cyclone gas separator 4, where excess gas-containing fractions of CO, CO2, N2, and CH are separated from sea water, which are discharged into the environment through pipeline 5.

For pre-heating, seawater purified from mechanical impurities and gases is fed through an injection pipe into a hydrodynamic thermoelectric plant 6, where it is heated to a predetermined temperature. The cold junction of the thermoelectric battery installed on the outer surface of the housing of the hydrodynamic installation is cooled by sea water and hydraulically connected to the pump 1 feeding sea water to the input of the desalination plant.

Preheated seawater from a hydrodynamic thermoelectric plant 6 is fed to a heat exchanger 7, where it is mixed with hot brine coming in through a pipe 8. Next, seawater diluted with a portion of brine through a pipe 11 is supplied to heat exchangers 12, 14, 16, which are installed in water desalination devices 13, 15, 17. Heat exchangers 12, 14, 16 are hydraulically coupled to a thermoelectric heat engine.

The brine entering the thermoelectric heat engine through heat exchangers 12, 14, 16, which are installed in devices 13, 15, 17, is heated, and in each heat exchanger the temperature of the brine becomes higher. Thermal energy is supplied to the brine from water vapor condensing on the surface of heat exchangers 12, 14, 16 in devices 13, 15, 17. Condensed steam, which is fresh water, is collected in pockets 19, 20, 21 and pumped through pipeline 22 to a desalted storage tank water 10. The pre-heated brine from the heat exchanger 16, enters the thermoelectric heat engine 18, where it is heated to a predetermined temperature and fed through the pipe 23 to the desalination device 17. The thermoelectric heat engine provides a large a second part of heat energy for heating the brine introduced into the system desalination plant. The flow channel of the heat engine is divided into heating stages of equal length and ensures uniform heating of the brine in each stage - from the first stage to the next stage, in steps. Since the internal cross-sectional area of the thermal reactor is much larger than the cross-sectional area of the inlet of the injection pipe, therefore, there is a sharp decrease in pressure and vacuum inside the thermal reactor. Solid-state semiconductor converters mounted on the outer surface provide a thermal load of up to 50 W / cm inside the reactor. The pressure drop in the thermal reactor provides rapid heating of the brine and promotes the formation of a gas-vapor mixture in the temperature range from 80-90 ° C. The resulting vapor-gas mixture enters the upper part of the thermal reactor, in which an accelerator, spray nozzles and a reflector are installed, which ensure the formation of an aerosol cloud saturated with finely dispersed moisture of water molecules.

From the thermoelectric heat engine 18, the hot brine in the form of a vapor-gas mixture enters the desalination device 17, where a reduced pressure is maintained. Since the pressure in the device 17 is reduced, part of the brine heated to a predetermined temperature evaporates and, after condensation on the surface of the heat exchanger 16, turns into fresh water, which flows into the pocket 19. Energy is required to evaporate the water. When water evaporates from the surface occupied by the brine in the device 17, the surface cools, and the part of the brine remaining after evaporation is cooled. From the reactor 17, the brine enters the device 15, where the pressure is lower than in the device 17. Here, some more water evaporates, and the remaining brine is cooled even more. From the device 15, the brine enters the device 13, where the pressure is lower than in the device 15. In the device 13, a certain amount of water also evaporates. Fresh water accumulated in pockets 19, 20, 21 through a pipe 22 is supplied by a self-priming pump to a storage tank for demineralized water 10. At each subsequent stage, the brine becomes more concentrated and more and more cooled. In the last stage, one part of the brine, which contains approximately 7% of the salt by weight, is mixed with the new seawater, and the other part of the brine is discharged. The regulated concentration of salts discharged from the installation ensures environmental safety associated with the discharge of brine (concentrate) into the sea.

The installation is characterized in that part of the brine is supplied for repeated heat treatment, thereby providing a regulated concentration of salts removed from the installation, which ensures environmental safety associated with the discharge of brine (concentrate) into the sea.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for desalination of sea water, including a device for preheating the salt water supplied for desalination, a device for desalting water, with heat exchangers and fresh water collectors located in them, characterized in that the device for preheating the salt water supplied for desalination is made in the form of thermoelectric hydrodynamic installation, which is connected to an intermediate heat exchanger equipped with a nozzle for supplying hot brine, an intermediate heat exchanger it is automatically connected to heat exchangers located in devices for desalination of sea water, which operate at pressures lowering from the last device to the first in the process, the last device being hydraulically connected to a thermoelectric heat engine, the outlet pipe of a thermoelectric heat machine is hydraulically connected to devices for desalination of sea water, while the first device for desalination of sea water is connected by a pipeline for supplying hot brine to the intermediate heat exchanger, as well as to the tank for storing desalted sea water. 2. Installation for desalination of sea water according to claim 1, characterized in that it further includes a three-stage installation installed on the supply line of sea water for desalination, and connected to a thermoelectric hydrodynamic installation for preheating sea water, the installation includes a device for cleaning water from mechanical impurities, coarse particles and microorganisms, a gas separator for purifying water from excess gas-containing fractions of CO, CO2, N2, CH4 connected to a thermoelectric hydro ynamic installation.