RU10269U1 - REMOTE SWITCH - Google Patents

Abstract

A remote switch containing an infrared emitter, a visible emitter, an infrared photodetector including a photocell and a strip amplifier connected in series, an actuator made in the form of a switch, and a constant current source, characterized in that a microcontroller with two inputs is inserted into it of photo signals, one such and two pulse inputs, two outputs for emitters and one control output, clock generator synchronized with the frequency of the network, a high-frequency clock generator, a visible range photocell and an intermediate-frequency filter and a threshold device connected to the first input for microcontroller photosignals, the control output of which generating microsecond pulses with double frequency of the network, synchronized with this frequency, and a phase that smoothly changes from 0 to π, is connected to the input of the first element, the first output for emitters, which forms synchronized packets of microsecond pulses modulated by the carrier frequency, the envelope of which is synchronized with the network frequency, with an infrared emitter, and the second output for emitters with a visible emitter, the second input for photo signals with a visible photocell range, the first and second pulse inputs, respectively, with the first and second outputs of the clock generator, and the clock input with the output of the clock generator.

Description

Remote switch

The device 01 is worn to the alarm area and can be used as a switch. Lighting devices, including signals about the need to turn on the light when lowering the level of illumination.

As you know, conventional keyboard switches are replaced by modern products that provide more comfortable and physiologically justified lighting conditions, as well as reliability and ease of use.

For example, a touch switch is known that allows you to smoothly adjust the incandescent lamp 1. Its disadvantage is the low reliability due to the presence of a mechanical switch of operation modes and the need for direct mechanical contact with the sensor.

Known electrical switches with backlight, which serves to determine their location in the dark 2. However, in these devices there is no alarm about the level of illumination.

A circuit breaker is known in which a signal about insufficient illumination of a room 3 is applied using a special LED. The circuit breaker contains a visible range emitter, an infrared (IR) range emitter with a pulse pump generator connected to Heviy, an infrared photodetector (FPU) consisting of a photocell connected in series and a strip amplifier, to the output of which a visible range emitter is connected through a series-connected low-pass filter and a level discriminator. The switch also contains a series-connected comparison unit, a standby generator, an actuator control unit and an actuator made in the form of a switch, as well as a threshold regulator unit, a comparison unit, an actuator element status memory unit, and a constant power supply.

This switch, as the closest to the proposed, adopted as a prototype.

The device allows you to remotely turn on lighting devices, adjust their glow and signals insufficient lighting in the room.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the lack of a smooth voltage supply to incandescent lamps when they are turned on, which reduces the life of the lamps, and the lack of automatic shutdown of lighting devices after a predetermined time interval (for example, after 6-8 hours), which is necessary if the consumer forgot to turn off the light or fell asleep. In addition, when the switch is operated from the remote control (RC), a serious limitation is the need to use a specially designed and included remote control. Moreover, the prototype device only works with simple encoding and, therefore, has a low degree of protection against network and radio interference, which reduces the reliability of its operation. In addition, the prototype circuit contains a large number of components, which reduces the manufacturability of the product and increases the cost of its production.

The purpose of this proposal is to expand the functionality of the remote switch and increase the manufacturability of its manufacture.

This goal is achieved by the fact that a microcontroller with two microcontrollers has been introduced into a well-known remote switch containing an infrared emitter, a visible emitter, an infrared light emitting diode, including a photocell and a strip amplifier, a series-connected photocell and a constant power supply, inputs for photosignals, one clock and pulsing pulsed inputs, two outputs for emitters and one control output, generator of synchronized pulses synchronized with network frequency, a high-frequency clock generator, a visible range photocell and an intermediate frequency filter and a threshold device connected to the first input for microcontroller photo signals, the control output of which generates microsecond pulses with a double network frequency, installed at the output of the FPU strip amplifier synchronized with this frequency, and the phase, smoothly changing from O to 7G, is connected to the input of the actuating element, the first output for emitters, f I shaped the synchronized bursts of microsecond pulses modulated by the carrier frequency, the envelope of which is synchronized with the network frequency - with the infrared emitter, and the second output for emitters - with the emitter

visible range, the second input for photosignals with the visible range photocell, the first and upstream pulsed inputs respectively with the first and second outputs of the clock generator, and the clock input with the output of the clock generator.

The proposed utility model is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 presents a block diagram of the inventive device, figure 2 shows a diagram of pulses, signals and voltages that explain the operation of the device; in Fig.3 - input control pulses of the microcontroller and the phases of its output pulses, in Fig.4 - control impulses of the actuator.

The inventive device contains an actuating element 1, intended for switching on and turning off lighting devices. Its two terminals are the input terminals of the device as a whole and are designed to connect the switch to the wiring. The device also contains a microcontroller 2 with two inputs for photosignals, one clock and two pulse inputs, two outputs for emitters and one control output connected to the input of the performing element 7, an IR band 3 emitter connected to the first output for emitters of microcontroller 2, and an emitter of the visible range 4, connected respectively to the second output for the emitters of the microcontroller 2. The output of the threshold device FPU 5 is connected to the first input for the photo signal of the microcontroller 2, consisting present of series-connected photocells 5-1, bandpass amplifier 5-2, intermediate frequency filter and a threshold device 5-3, 5-4. The second input for the photo signals of the microcontroller 2 is connected to the photocell of the visible range 6. The clock input of the microcontroller 2 is connected to the output of the clock generator 7, and the first and second pulse inputs of the microcontroller 2 are connected to the first and second outputs of the clock generator 8, respectively.

In addition, the switch includes a constant power source 9, which provides power to all elements of the device (communication of the power source 9 with the elements of the device is not shown in the drawing). Optical filters 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 and 10-4, which are installed in front of each of the photocells and emitters, can be used in the switch (if necessary). Structurally, these filters from 10-1 to 10-4 can be made in the form of one or two} monolithic filters, overlapping respectively the inputs of the emitters J and - / and photocells 5-1 and (J. The device circuit also includes

shunt resistances 11-1 and 11-2 and load resistance 11-3, which determine the operating mode of the emitters J and the photocell of the visible range 6.

The inventive switch operates as follows.

At the input terminals of the actuating element 1, which are the inputs of the device, regardless of the on-off mode, the mains voltage always acts (plot and figure 2). Constant power supply 9 feeds all elements and blocks.

Clock generator 7 and clock generator 8 continuously generate pulses and send them to the microcontroller 2. The clock generator 7 generates high-frequency pulses, which set the time of each operation of the microcontroller 2. Pulse generator 8 generates pulses (diagrams b k in FIG. 2), synchronized with the ith phase with the mains voltage (plot A in FIG. 2).

Due to this, the control pulses from the control output of the microcontroller 2, supplied to the input of the actuating element 1, are also phased with the mains voltage vi.

At the first output for the emitters of the microcontroller 2, for the entire duration of the operation of the device, bursts of pulses are generated that are synchronized by the mains voltage and modulated to lie with the carrier frequency f (diagram 2 of figure 2). The duration of these TO pulses is much less (one and a half to two orders of magnitude) of the mains voltage period T 1/50 Hz 20 ms. These electrical pulses are applied to the visible range 3 emitter and excite its radiation of the same shape. In the general case, a pulse transmission can consist of several such pulses.

At the moment of contactless control, the user should bring his hand to the switch. The distance between the switch and the hand is determined by the sensitivity of the device; it is optimal to choose equal to 5-20 cm. Optical pulses (plot d FPG.2), reflected from the hand, are fed to the optical input of the FNU 5. Their amplitude can vary due to variable distance from the hand, variations in its inclination, reflection coefficient, and t .d. If the carrier frequency / „coincides with the resonant frequency of the filter 5-3 and the pulse amplitude is above the threshold of the threshold device 5-4, then demodulated radio pulses appear at the output of the FPU 5 (diagram e of FIG. 2).

Thanks to the threshold device 5-4, the amplitudes of all these pulses are aligned. The indicated sequence is fed to the first input for the photosignals of microcontroller 2. Microcontroller 2 considers the number of these pulses to be sequential and, depending on this number, supplies one or another control signal) ia actuator /.

The device m () can also work in the remote control mode.

In this case, the input of the FPU 5 optical pulses come from the remote control. The sequence now consists not of separate impulses of duration To, but of packs of such impulses. Their envelope is depicted on the plot of the figure 2. The number of pulses in a packet (the number of discharges) is t. This number, as well as the location of the pulses in the packet, depends on the coding system adopted for this console. Otherwise, the operation sequence is the same as in the “from mode”, the pulses are modulated by an arbitrary frequency / „, the amplitude of the pulses from one packet to another can, in principle, vary (although not as noticeably as in the“ by hand ”mode). Filter 5-3 allows only pulses modulated by frequency / „to pass through. The threshold device 5-4 provides demodulation and equalization of amplitudes. Therefore, at the output of the FPU 5, the indicated envelope appears (plot of FIG. 2) with a constant amplitude - the same as when working in the “by hand” mode.

Microcontrol 1er 2 takes a burst in one pulse (plot from figure 2) and counts the number of bursts n in the burning sequence - just as he considers the number of elementary impulses in the sequence in the freehand mode (compare plots e and 3 of FIG. .2).

To switch from the "from hand to mode" from the remote control and vice versa, you must reconfigure the device. The microcontroller 2 carries out such a reset automatically. It is enough to increase the duration of the sends i t. hold your hand in front of the switch or finger on the remote control button for longer than usual f (3 ... 5) Gu, where Tu is the time for the switch to be controlled (time I turn it on / off, or adjust the brightness). After this setting, the microcontroller 2 detects the corresponding pulses: either reflected by hand (diagram e of figure 2 or from the remote control (diagram of figure 2). All other pulses, including those that are different in shape or in carrier frequency, are perceived as interference, FPU 5 and the microcontroller.11 G do not respond to them.When configuring from the remote control, you must work with any (but the same) button. When switching from button to button, it is necessary to carry out a reset every time, since the codes of various buttons

are different. After us; in the "from the remote control" mode, the microcontroller 2 writes to its memory the shape of the p: 1 point, which is taken as the standard. Microcontroller 2 also includes a vi viy subprogram, which compares the pulses coming from the FPU 5 with this reference signal. After setting it by hand, the microcontroller 2 switches to another subprogram: it compares the synchronism of the input pulses with the original ones generated by the microcontroller 2 at the first output for the emitters. This is honorable: after all, at the input of microcontroller 2, virtually the same signals must come, only demodulated.

As soon as the pulse sequence begins to arrive from the output of the threshold device 5-4 FPU 5 to the first input for the microcircuit1) 11 of the controller 2, the microcontroller 2 proceeds to its analysis by the criterion “friend or foe.”

From the above) south it is clear that the microcontroller 2 iie responds to all “other people's pulses, that is, to interference”. He responds only to impulses "his, reflected from the hand, or impulses from the remote control (plot in and hp figure 2).

After microcontroller 2 has completed counting the number of pulses, it changes the phase of the output signal depending on the counted number. If the pulses go for a long time, then the phase can change during the entire time of arrival of these pulses. We note that the phase Φ sets the brightness of the lamp: ф ш-соответствует полном} corresponds to full} off, the value ф п п их-corresponds to full glow. Under the mode ft ft-l; pulses may be completely absent, because in the absence of control pulses, the actuator / also opens the load circuit (lamps).

Consider the algorithm for the microcontroller choosing 2 phases of control pulses f depending on the number of counted pulses and, that is, practically all possible control modes: turning on, turning off, and controlling the incandescent lamp. This stage of operation of the microcontroller 2 is illustrated in Fig.Z.

Consider the situation when the switch in the initial state is in the "off.

"Instant wave of the hand (or" instantly pressing the remote control button):

WHAT is depicted in the jail and fig.Z. In the formula (1), n ,, opi is the first threshold number recorded in the memory of microcontroller 2, which is selected experimentally. In our embodiment, the device p, and, p is chosen equal to 4. Thus, “instantaneous wave of the hand or“ instantly pressing the remote control button corresponds to

P P „op1, (1)

the time during which at least four pulses arrive at the first input for the photo signal of microcontroller 2. In this case, there is no reaction of the device - the microcontroller 2 ke performs switching.

"Quick Bsviax hands (" quick press of the remote control button), plot b fig.Z.

P „op1 P Ppor2 (2)

Here n „op2 is the second threshold number recorded in the memory of microcontroller 2. It is also chosen experimentally, like n, iopi. In our case, n „op2 is equal to 10. Thus,“ a quick wave of the hand or “a quick press of the remote control button corresponds to a time interval during which at least 10 pulses arrive at the first input for the photo signals of microcontroller 2.

After a certain time interval tnp after the arrival of the last pulse of the burst, control pulses begin to be generated, and their phase φ linearly changes from the initial value ф, ax (from the “off” position) to a certain final value of ф1 (in the “on” position). The time diagram of the phase Φ for this case is shown in diagram D of FIG. 3, curve A. The time interval t ,, p is the decision time. It is necessary for the microcontroller 2 to determine:

-pulse sending has stopped, condition (2) is really fulfilled;

- it is possible to perform the inclusion operation on the curve A of the plot of FIG.

The transition from maximum fsch to minimum fs, phases occurs during tnepi. Such a smooth phase switching ensures a smooth change in the supply voltage to the lamp. Tc.v eliminates power surges, which dramatically increases the lamp life.

The peculiarity of switching on in the case under consideration with a “quick wave of the hand” is that the switch automatically switches to control mode with phase f, which is in the previous switched on state fm:

This allows you to set the desired lamp brightness in the adjustment mode only once, and then repeatedly turn the lamp off and on with a “quick wave of the hand, while maintaining the selected glow brightness mode.

“Slow wave of the hand (adjustment).

If you hold your hand in front of the switch for a long time (or finger on the remote control button), then the condition

F1 S fm (3)

-.::,.g- -.-- g

As soon as this condition is fulfilled, the switch starts to transition to a new state according to: p: shoy In diagrams d of fig.Z. This adjustment mode differs from the previous mode ;, switching on by two points: long switching time t ,, ap2

tiwp2 - fiiopl, (5)

thanks to which the transition process is more smooth;

- if, upon switching on, the final state was fixed automatically (condition (3)), then in the considered adjustment mode it depends on the operator, namely the total adjustment time during which the operator holds his hand in front of the switch or the button on the remote control button ( diagrams whig fig.Z). As a result, the operator can optionally set the desired glow, that is, choose any phase f1 within;

f „,„ x f Fish, (6)

Curve B is n periodic, as shown by the dotted line in diagram D of FIG. This allows, if necessary, choosing a long adjustment time t:

t r ,, ep2 (7)

smoothly adjust the lamp incandescence from minimum to maximum and vice versa several times and stop at the op 1.1 selected value.

Now, rssm) them control modes in the initial on state.

“Instant” wave of the hand (or “instantly pressing the remote control button), see diagram D of FIG. 3, when: condition (1) is fulfilled. As in the case considered earlier, the device does not react - the microcontroller 2 does not switch, the switch maintains its previous on state with the previous lamp brightness.

“Fast in: .mach hands (“ quick press of the remote control button), diagram E of FIG. Z, as well as diagram Z of FIG. Z g: untracked curve A. This is the case when

condition (2). After time „p, the control pulses disappear. Moments of their disappearance showing ;; ng on the plot from Fig. 3 in light circles. This is similar to an instant switch. ly;

In this case, as indicated, the actuator opens the lamp circuit.

"Slow); wave of the hand (adjustment) when condition (4) is fulfilled, diagram. G of Fig. Z. This case differs from the adjustment case described above only in the initial value of the phase φ: if in the above case the phase ((i) started

f (8)

 -. - -. ., ..j - ,. ,

vary from the value of il fng, then now it changes from an arbitrary initial value of φ;

The operating order of the actuator / is illustrated in Fig.4. The mains voltage always acts on the input terminals of this element; the diagram is shown in FIG. 4. Any transition from negative to positive voltage throws the actuator 1 (the triac included in its composition) to the “open. Therefore, in the absence of control pulses from the microcontroller 2, at the beginning of each luna wave of the mains voltage, the actuating element 1 is automatically introduced into this open state, so that the load (lamp) is disconnected. For its E: a; to enter the input of the actuating element 1, a control pulse is required. Such an impulse comes from microcontroller 2. For each half-wave, an enabling pulse is needed (since the arrival of the next half-wave, as indicated, again turns off the load). Consequently, two control pulses are required for the entire wave. Therefore, the frequency of these pulses is twice as large as the network, as shown in diagram b of FIG. 4. The phase of each of the pulses is counted from the beginning of the half-wave, as shown in the diagram in FIG. 4. From the beginning of the half-wave to the hell:; and the impulse, that is, when:

O 271 / G f, (9)

where f is the frequency of cei and. t is the current time, the actuating element 1 is in the open consisted. After the arrival of the impulse and before the start of the next half-wave, that is, during the int

F 2tf to (10)

the actuator 1 is in the “closed” state.

Thus, each half-wave is divided into two intervals. On the first of them, the actuator is off, on the second it is on, see diagrams j and e of Fig. 4. The moment (phase) of the transition Me; i to these states is determined by the moment (phase) of the arrival of the control pulse. Therefore, with f-switch almost all the time

is in disruption iyTOM state, diagram of figure 4. When f1 - O, on the contrary, the feed switch is closed, most of the time is closed, diagram e of Fig. 4. It is clear that the microcontroller 2, .1 changing the phase, controls the state of the actuator 1, thereby regulating the incandescent lamp in the desired manner. After some time T is the selected interval of continuous operation of the switch (for example, 6-8 hours), the microcontroller 2 stops the generation of control pulses, so that the device automatically switches to off-mode. So automatic

 - - ------- l -...

switching off insures the consumer in the event that he falls asleep or leaves the premises for a long time, forgetting to turn off the light.

Upon arrival: ia input of the interference device triggers multi-stage protection:

-filter of intermediate frequency 5-3 as part of FPU 5 passes only signals modulated by carrier frequency / n;

-threshold device 5-4 as part of FPU 5 transmits only signals whose value is higher than the threshold;

-microcontroller 2 in the "by hand" mode only transmits pulsed signals synchronized with the pump pulses (diagrams d and figure 2) in duration and phase; in the remote control mode, microcontroller 2 passes only encoded pulses, record. in his memory; In addition, the microcontroller 2 controls the switch only during a periodic sequence of pulses arriving at the e o first input for photosignals at n n ,, oi, which is typical not for interference, but for ci-signals.

Above., The operation of the device was observable when it performed its main function - turning on, off, and adjusting the lamps. However, the device performs an additional fup.-tion - signals the level of illumination in the room. Consider the order: the device during the execution of this function.

The photocell of the visible range 6 registers the external illuminated b incident on the switch. Consequently, it generates at a load of 11-3 the t / F photo signal is proportional to; -sh illumination in the room, in the place where the switch is installed. This one:}) the signal goes to the second input for the microcontroller's photo signals 2 If this signal is below a certain threshold level corresponding to ca -; 1

then the microcontroller J at the second output for the emitters generates a supply voltage, which is fed to the emitter of the visible range 4. This emitter starts to glow. The heme by the device signals that the illumination in the room is lower than sa ;: of the normal norm. At the same time, the visible range emitter 4 is an indicator for finding a switch in the dark.

In case of a sudden () disconnection of the mains power and subsequent supply of this rod to the switch, the switch is always set to the initial state “off. This logic eliminates the possibility of spontaneous

6, |,, (11)

turning on the switch in the absence of the user during temporary power outages. In this case, the switch operates as follows.

As soon as the mains voltage (50 Hz) disappears, the sync pulses of the sync pulse shaper 8 disappear immediately (since these pulses are always synchronized with the mains frequency). The constant-current power supply 9 for some time (longer tnp time) continues to supply power to all nodes and blocks, including the 2 Gza microcontroller due to the presence of capacities in the constant-current supply 9). After the clock pulses cease, the microcontroller 2 receives a command to stop sending control (opening) pulses to the actuator 1, and the latter goes into the off state. The specified command is loaded; it is also stored in the memory of microcontroller 2. Therefore, when the mains voltage is again applied to the device, the specified command continues to be executed: the validating element / will be in the initial state “off until the user influences it.

It is optimal to build the actuator I on a symmetric thyristor (triac) with impulse control and a minimum voltage drop in the open state. To suppress network interference from this thyristor, it is advisable to use LC-phi. 1gr.

When the microcontroller 2 is built, it is necessary to use circuits with low power consumption and built-in memory of remote control programs, with the ability to redefine the input / output functions according to the above description. Microchip controllers of the PIC16F 84 series satisfy this condition;

As of. Teacher IR range 3, it is recommended to use standard LEDs with a wavelength of 11 radiation of 0.85-0.9 microns average power, for example, AL156, AL165, U1SZ. As an emitter of visible range 4, it is also recommended to use an LED, but with visible red (wavelength 0.6 μm) or green (wavelength 0.53 μm) radiation, for example, AL307B.

To build FPU 5, it is optimal to use microcircuits designed specifically for remote control systems of video and audio devices, for example, microcircuit: type SFH506 from Siemens.

The visible range 6 photocell can be any visible range photodetector (photoresistor, phototransistor), but it is optimal to use a silicon photodiode, for example, ФД265-02.

As a clock power generator 7, it is advisable to use a quartz resonator

Formate: l clock signals 8 can be synthesized according to the standard scheme of the voltage divider, providing for the synchronization of its output pulses with the phase of the mains voltage

The power supply unit 1 9 should be constructed according to the principle of a parametric stabilizer with a phase healing capacity.

Optical filters 10-1 - 10-4 can be integrated into one or two plates, use standard plastics for their manufacture, which are also used in remote control video and audio equipment.

An experimental model of the proposed circuit breaker was manufactured and tested. For its construction, two integrated circuits were used: a PIC-16C84 microcontroller and a FPU SFH506 from Siemens, a TC 106 triac. Most of the passive elements - resistors and capacitors were used in a housing version (except for high-voltage ones). Minimizing the number of elements allows assembly automation in serial production and the use of one-sided mobilization. In addition, this allows you to get small dimensions, use simple design solutions (to make the device in standard dimensions for key switches).

The selected N.) mines and the microcontroller program provided the following values of the VO1 switch parameters:

....:: 5 J; b; ; ::: 7. , - L

The inventive device has a number of technical, consumer and social advantages;

Along with the properties indicated above - stepless adjustment of the incandescent lamps, smooth feeding of ng; P1:) pressure on the lamps when turned on, which leads to a sharp increase in their service life, we note the following properties. Non-contact provides sterility and sterility, which is especially important for medical and other

Public Institutions: buildings. Distance is vital for sick, disabled, elderly people. Indication of the level of illumination below the sanitary norm helps to save vision. Smooth regulation, automatic shutdown drive t: t in energy saving. The ability of the device to automatically go into the “off” state after an unexpected shutdown of the network for any period of time, as well as automatic shutdown after 8 hours, increases fire safety. The absence of breaking electrical contacts makes it possible to use the device in rooms with increased explosion and fire1 (danger. The circuitry and design of the device does not require any wiring or electrical installation boxes, which allows ei to use the device in old buildings, and not to introduce new ones into the design changes and complications.

Literature

1. Touch current controller. RTS-2 UHL4.2 TU 16-435. 097-85.

2. U.S. Patent No. 036441, cl. 362-95, utility model certificate No. 2067 of January 16, 1995, MP K F2IV 23/04.

3. RF patent No. 21C3 (i24 dated 08/18/1994, G08B13 / 18 (prototype) Kozyrev Yu.D. Patrin V.M. S: Taubkin I.I. Kravchenko N.V. Trishenkov M.A. Kulymanov A.V. Filachev AM Hakuashev P.E.

Claims (1)

A remote switch containing an infrared emitter, a visible emitter, an infrared photodetector including a photocell and a strip amplifier connected in series, an actuator made in the form of a switch, and a constant current source, characterized in that a microcontroller with two inputs is inserted into it of photo signals, one such and two pulse inputs, two outputs for emitters and one control output, clock generator synchronized with the frequency of the network, a high-frequency clock generator, a visible range photocell and an intermediate-frequency filter and a threshold device connected to the first input for microcontroller photosignals, the control output of which generating microsecond pulses with double frequency of the network, synchronized with this frequency, and a phase that smoothly changes from 0 to π, is connected to the input of the first element, the first output for emitters, which forms synchronized packets of microsecond pulses modulated by the carrier frequency, the envelope of which is synchronized with the network frequency, with an infrared emitter, and the second output for emitters with a visible emitter, the second input for photo signals with a visible photocell range, the first and second pulse inputs, respectively, with the first and second outputs of the clock generator, and the clock input with the output of the clock generator.