RU101032U1 - BIO-SORBENT FILTER FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT FROM OIL PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. Biosorbent filter for wastewater treatment from petroleum products, including several panels located one after another in the channel of the storm drain, characterized in that the panels are made of a polymer non-woven material, on which microorganisms-oil destructors are applied. ! 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of each panel completely overlaps the cross section of the drain channel. ! 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel of polymer non-woven material is made in the form of a flat or corrugated sheet. ! 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel of polymer non-woven material is made in the form of a single-layer or multilayer sheet with a thickness of 10-100 mm, while the sheets of the multilayer panel can be interconnected into a single mat. ! 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel can be mounted on a rigid frame. ! 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the panels along the length of the filter may be different. ! 7. The device according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that bacteria of the Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Saccharomyces strains or a combination of each other, in a lyophilized state, which are deposited on the surface of a single-layer panel or joined surfaces of sheets, are used as petroleum destructive microorganisms multilayer panels. ! 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bacteria of the Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Saccharomyces strains or a combination thereof in aqueous solution are used as petroleum destructive microorganisms.

Description

The utility model relates to wastewater treatment systems and can be used as maintenance-free filters in storm sewer systems to prevent oil products from entering open water sources.

Currently, due to the rapid increase in the number of vehicles, and, consequently, large car parks, the issue of storm drains, in which oil product washes from streets or cars can be dissolved, is becoming an urgent issue. Even in small concentrations, petroleum products can have a detrimental effect on aquatic biocenoses. Today, to solve the problem of cleaning non-pressure (low-flow) storm water from various kinds of pollutants, they try to use various kinds of sorption cassettes, which can provide non-specific retention of impurities. After a short operation, these cassettes need to be removed and replaced with new ones. Used sorption cassettes require depending on the filler or subsequent regeneration or disposal. For economic reasons, the use of sorption cassettes is possible only in large cities of developed countries, which may allow the maintenance of special environmental services that constantly monitor stormwater. The technical task of the proposed technical solution is the development of biosorption filters for wastewater satisfying the following requirements:

- long-term operation of filters in storm drains in non-maintenance operation without replacement and regeneration;

- the lack of need for subsequent regeneration or disposal of filters, and hence the elimination of post-operating costs;

- a high degree of wastewater treatment from petroleum products, providing safe discharge of wastewater without additional treatment into open water sources;

- low cost of manufacturing biosorption filters, which is very important for the beginning of their mass production and application.

A filter for cleaning oily wastewater is known (see SU 1553166, MKI C02F 1/40, 1990), including a cylindrical body located between two fixed perforated partitions, inside of which there is an elastic filter load and a perforated screw installed with the possibility of reverse rotation . The wastewater contaminated with oil products enters the filter housing and passes through an elastic load, on which the particles of oil products are sorbed in the volume and on the surface of the load. The filter regeneration process is carried out due to direct and reverse rotation of the screw, which leads to compression of the load with the release of collected oil products in special settlers.

The main disadvantages of the known filter are, firstly, the lack of reliable control over the degree of filling of the load with oil products. If a well-known filter is installed on a car wash and water discharge through it is regulated, then empirically it is still possible with a low probability to determine the degree of saturation of the load with oil products, and therefore the time of the necessary regeneration of the load. If the water flow is carried out from the territory of the open parking lot, the degree of saturation with oil products of the load will be largely determined by the amount of precipitation, the degree of contamination of cars or asphalt under them, the number of cars, etc.

Secondly, for installing well-known filters even in a small city, their number can be quite large. This is due to the fact that the volume of the filter is unlikely to be more than 1-1.5 m ^3, which allows the operator to make it spin download manually. For large volumes, it is necessary to install an electromechanical drive, supply a powerful electric cable, create new electrical distribution networks, etc. The estimated costs for these events will be so great that the entire city budget is simply not enough for the operation of environmentally friendly stormwater.

Thirdly, it is still necessary to utilize or process oil products squeezed from the elastic load somewhere else, which also requires additional costs.

A known installation for wastewater treatment (see SU 1640122, MKI C02F 1/40, 1991), taken as a prototype, including a chamber for trapping coarse impurities and a chamber for trapping petroleum products, made in the form of alternating semi-submerged and attached to the bottom of the partitions installed in the channel of water flow. Since oil products are lighter than water, they will always float on the surface of the water and will not be able to get into the outlet manifold located at the bottom of the chamber. Oil products are taken from the water surface for regeneration or incineration.

The main disadvantages of the filter using alternating semi-submerged and attached to the bottom of the partition are, firstly, the limited and strictly regulated volume of the drain. When water overflows through the upper edges of semi-submerged partitions, the filter ceases to fulfill its functions and merges the accumulated oil products.

Secondly, such a filter is actually an intermediate sump, which means that it needs periodic cleaning. For this, full-time personnel and special equipment for the removal, removal and processing of petroleum products must be provided.

Thirdly, such a system for filtering wastewater is possible only at positive temperatures. In winter, storm drains can be periodically frozen and thawed, and, consequently, unauthorized discharge of accumulated oil products.

In addition, the estimated costs of operating the filter system to ensure the environmental safety of the city may be so large for the city budget that it would be more appropriate to abandon such a project.

The problem solved by the claimed technical solution is to eliminate these shortcomings, namely, ensuring reliable filtration of wastewater in an autonomous mode, which eliminates the need for periodic routine maintenance, collection and disposal of collected oil products.

The indicated problem in a biosorbent filter for wastewater treatment from oil products, including several panels located one after another in the channel of a storm runoff, is solved by the fact that the panels are made of polymer non-woven material onto which microorganisms-oil destructors are applied.

Due to its fine spatial structure, the panel sorb well on itself oil products, which are food for microorganisms-oil destructors.

To exclude the passage of waste water bypassing the installed panels, the area of each panel completely overlaps the cross section of the stormwater channel.

To increase the efficiency of filtering oil products, the panel of polymer non-woven material is made in the form of a single-layer or multilayer flat or corrugated sheet with a thickness of 10-100 mm, while for the convenience of installing the panel consisting of several layers of polymer non-woven material, the layers can be interconnected into a single mat .

To maintain the rigidity of the panel during operation, the panel can be mounted on a rigid frame, which can be used as a stamped frame made of frost-resistant plastic or metal with an anti-corrosion coating.

For leveling the filtration rate between the panels and eliminating the pressure between the panels, the thickness of the panels along the length of the filter can be different.

To increase the efficiency of the decomposition of petroleum products, bacteria of the Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Saccharomyces strains or a combination of each other in a lyophilized state or in an aqueous solution were used as oil-degrading microorganisms. If the bacteria are in a lyophilized state, then they can be applied in advance to the surfaces of single-layer panels or the joined surfaces of sheets of a multi-layer panel. If bacteria are in aqueous solution, they must be applied immediately before installing the panels in the filter.

Thus, the claimed device allows for a long time to function in storm drains in a non-maintenance mode, and the filter itself effectively cleans the drain drains of oil products, decomposing them as they adsorb on the filter elements, while the entire process of decomposition of oil products by microorganisms-oil destructors begins in early spring at snowmelt temperatures (above + 1 ° С) and without additional aeration of the filter (bacteria Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Saccharomyces for life in wastewater oxygen).

Figure 1 presents a longitudinal section of a drainage ditch, explaining the essence of the proposed technical solution, where: 1 - drainage ditch; 2 - blind cover movably mounted on a hinge 3; 4 - removable slotted cover; 5 - drain hole; 6 - drain pipe; 7 - removable filter panels mounted across the drain opening.

Figure 2 presents a top view of the drainage ditch with a cutout in the blind cover, explaining the principle of installing removable filter panels across the drainage ditch, where: 7a and 7b are two parts of a stacked removable panel of non-woven material, between which a rigid frame 8 is installed; 9 - the longitudinal wall of the drain ditch; 10 - a recess in the wall 9 for installing a removable panel.

Figure 3 presents a view of a rigid frame 8, increasing the rigidity of the panel, where: 11 is a stamped frame of the frame with holes 12 for fixing sheets of polymer non-woven material to the frame.

The inventive device operates as follows. In a specially equipped drainage ditch 1, removable panels 7 are installed in the transverse recesses 10, for example, in the form of two halves 7a and 7b, between which a rigid frame 8 is installed, and microorganisms-oil destructors are applied in a lyophilized state to the connected surfaces of the halves 7a and 7b. After that, the ditch 1 is closed with a blank cover 2 and a removable slotted cover 4, through which waste water will enter the ditch 1. To prevent clogging of the gutter with large debris, a coarse filter can be installed (suspended) on the removable cover 4 (suspended) (it is not shown conditionally in Fig. 1). Storm water through the cover 4 falling into the ditch 1 begins to fill the entire space, up to the first from the slotted cover 4 of the removable panel 7. Since each of the panels 7 represents some kind of hydraulic resistance for water, the maximum height of water intake in the ditch will be at the first of panels 7. By increasing the water level from the bottom of the ditch to some maximum value determined by the amount of wastewater flow, the panels will get wet, and the microorganisms-oil destructors contained between their layers will be reactivated. To accelerate their reactivation and growth, the panels can be pre-saturated with nutrients, such as glucose. The main food of bacteria will be oil products in the water, which will be sorbed on panels 7. The vital activity of bacteria of Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Saccharomyces strains starts at a temperature of + 1 ° C and reaches its optimum at temperatures above + 7 ° C. The number of panels in the filter is determined by the degree of pollution of wastewater with oil products.

The following examples show the implementation of the claimed device.

Example 1. A 2 liter plexiglas cuvette was made that simulated the drain ditch shown in FIG. 1, into which four two-layer removable panels were installed, made of 10 mm Megasorb oil sorbent material. Sheets of material were fixed on both sides on a metal frame measuring 200 × 200 mm. A water emulsion with a machine oil concentration of 3 mg / L was used as storm water. For one emulsion purification cycle, the concentration of oil impurities of about 0.09 mg / l, i.e. water allowed for discharge into open sources. After testing, the panel was immersed in a working solution of the strains of two bacteria Acinetobacter and Bacillus and in this solution was 15 days at a temperature of 10-12 ° C. During this time, up to 70% of adsorbed petroleum products were processed to physiologically inactive metabolites.

Example 2. A plexiglass cuvette was made, similar to that shown in Example 1, in which four two-layer removable panels were made, made of 25 mm Megasorb oil sorbent material. Sheets of material were fixed on both sides on a metal frame measuring 200 × 200 mm. A water emulsion with a machine oil concentration of 5 mg / L was used as storm water. For one cleaning cycle of the emulsion, the concentration of oil impurities of about 0.06 mg / L was obtained at the filter outlet. After testing, the panel was immersed in a working solution of the strains of four bacteria Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Saccharomyces and in this solution was 15 days at a temperature of 12-15 ° C. During this time, up to 85% of adsorbed oil products were processed to physiologically inactive metabolites.

Thus, the inventive device allows you to effectively work as a maintenance-free filter in storm drains, while ensuring self-cleaning from oil adsorbed on the filter panels.

Claims (8)

1. Biosorbent filter for wastewater treatment from petroleum products, including several panels located one after another in the channel of the storm drain, characterized in that the panels are made of a polymer non-woven material, on which microorganisms-oil destructors are applied. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of each panel completely overlaps the cross section of the drain channel. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel of polymer non-woven material is made in the form of a flat or corrugated sheet. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel of polymer non-woven material is made in the form of a single-layer or multilayer sheet with a thickness of 10-100 mm, while the sheets of the multilayer panel can be interconnected into a single mat. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel can be mounted on a rigid frame. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the panels along the length of the filter may be different. 7. The device according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that bacteria of the Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Saccharomyces strains or a combination of each other, in a lyophilized state, which are deposited on the surface of a single-layer panel or joined surfaces of sheets, are used as petroleum destructive microorganisms multilayer panels. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bacteria of the Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Saccharomyces strains or a combination thereof in aqueous solution are used as petroleum destructive microorganisms.