RU100432U1 - FLOATING CONCENTRATING COMPLEX FOR PROCESSING A SAND-GRAVEL MIXTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

 A floating dressing complex for processing sand and gravel mixtures, comprising feeding the mixture to a hydrocyclone block, characterized in that the hydrocyclone block is made in the form of two hydrocyclones connected in series and two hydroscreens, the output of the first hydrocyclone is connected to the input of the second hydrocyclone, the second output of the first a hydrocyclone with enriched pulp is associated with a hydro screen, one of the exits of which is associated with the release of the main part of the water with silt particles into the production area, and the second the exit with gravel of a fraction of 10-20 mm is connected by a trench for loading onto a barge, the second outlet of a second hydrocyclone is connected with a hydro screen, one of the outlets of which is connected with the release of water with sand particles into the water area, the second exit with gravel of a fraction of 5-10 mm is connected with a trench for loading into a barge, the output of the second pulp hydrocyclone with sand without gravel fraction 0.16-5 mm and in the form of fine sand particles enters the storage hopper, the lower outlet of which is connected to the sand distribution hopper fraction 0.16-5 mm through hydraulic gutters loading, the upper exit of the storage hopper is associated with the release of small particles of sand into the production area.

Description

The utility model relates to the construction of a floating sorting and classification complex and can be used in the development and development of underwater deposits of non-metallic building materials: sand, sand and gravel, gravel.

A combined device is known — a complex mounted on a barge for classifying and enriching minerals mined in rivers and ponds, see the description of the invention “Combined device for classifying and enriching minerals” to RF patent No. 2189862, IPC 7 V03B 5/00, publ. 2002.09.27. The complex contains a dredger with a pipe for pulp, a classifier in the form of settling and concentration chambers in the hold of a barge. The classification and enrichment regime begins from the moment the pulp is fed through the inlet pipe, and ends as the settling and enrichment chambers are filled with fossil materials. The complex allows to increase the degree of washing of materials, but the barge, after filling, is allocated for unloading by known methods and the further processing of enriched fractions of fossil materials is carried out already on the shore. Thus, the floating complex does not process completely elevated soil from the bottom to readiness for use. It is necessary to transport the enriched sand-gravel mixture to the shore for final processing. During the extraction and processing of the sand-gravel mixture, the material is sorted and classified into coarse gravel, finer pure gravel, enriched sand-gravel mixture, enriched sand corresponding to GOST 8736-93 for further use in construction, which the described complex does not allow . Thus, the soil raised from the bottom of the river, reservoir, in the known complex is only enriched in sludge, classified into only two fractions - 1) turbid water - discharge and 2) everything else requires transportation to the shore for further processing. After final processing on the shore, individual fractions of the building material will be loaded offshore on transport barges and sent to the consumer. Such a multi-stage method of processing pulp with intermediate transportation to the shore of the settled fraction is extremely uneconomical and unproductive. Pulp processing waste remains on the shore, silt and sand the shore, which is not environmentally friendly and requires additional costs for the development of dumps.

The well-known "Floating complex for the processing of underwater soil (its variants)", see the description of the invention to patent No. 54820, IPC V03B 9/00, E02F 3/88, VB 35/44, publ. 07/27. 2006. The complex contains a dredger, a hydroclassifier, a hydroclone, a spiral classifier, and a screen, the input of which is connected to the output of the hydroclassifier or the output of a dredger for the fourth version of the complex, a crusher whose input is connected to the screen output or is completely turned off depending on the version of the complex. Hydroclassifier, hydroclone, spiral classifier, screen, crusher are interconnected and with transport barges and / or trays, winches. The output of the screen for pulp with sand without gravel is connected to the input of the spiral classifier or is not connected when the screen does not work.

The complex begins to work as follows: the dredge pump is turned on and its pump begins to feed the pulp hydroclassifier, which contains intake water, soil from sand, stones, gravel, other solid materials, silt, clay particles, to the inlet of the complex. The hydroclassifier in the aquatic environment separates particles containing in the pulp into size classes, as a result of which enriched sand-gravel mixture and sand and pulp without gravel enter its two outlets. At the same time, due to the discharge of spent pulp overboard, the total power of the pulp head after the hydroclassifier decreases.

Sand with pulp without gravel is an intermediate product that goes for further processing into a hydrocyclone or immediately a spiral classifier with the commensurability of the capacity of the pulp stream and the spiral classifier. The enriched sand-gravel mixture is at the same time the final product - building material, and can be further processed to separate large solid materials - gravel from the rest of the mass. If an enriched sand-gravel mixture is needed, it after the hydroclassifier enters for loading onto the transport barge through the tray, bypassing the roar. This can be done by installing an inclined tray on the grate of the disconnected screen or by installing a separate tray, so that the enriched sand and gravel mix rolls into a transport barge. If gravel is needed, then the enriched sand-gravel mixture from the hydroclassifier goes to the screen, where water also enters with the help of a pump. Depending on the design of the screen, the OPGS is divided into large gravel fractions of more than 20 mm, pure gravel fractions of 5-20 mm and pulp with sand without gravel, depending on the design of the screen. Pure gravel of a fraction of 5-20 mm is the final product used in construction, therefore it is supplied for loading onto a barge. Coarse gravel is also the final product, and the semi-finished product is supplied for further processing. From the second exit of the screen, pulp with sand without gravel is fed for further processing to a spiral classifier. Meanwhile, from the hydroclassifier, sand with pulp without gravel enters the hydrocyclone, which dehydrates the sand, sending waste in the form of spent pulp - water with silty, clay particles, sand particles to be discharged into the production area through a pipe welded into the ship's hull. Dehydrated sand goes for further processing into a spiral classifier, where pulp with sand without gravel can also enter. Thus, for all the described positive characteristics of the floating complex, it has the disadvantage that it has low pulp productivity and to accommodate the entire mass of equipment, a vessel in the form of a barge with an area of 500 tons or more is required depending on the location of various serving work sites.

The described analogue is closest to the claimed utility model. The objective of the utility model is to create a small-sized floating complex with the possibility of complete processing of sand and gravel to obtain ready-made building materials of various fractions directly on the floating vehicle, with the possibility of loading them after processing from the floating complex directly onto transport barges for delivery to the consumer, with unloading of processing waste in production area. The proposed modernization of the existing fleet applies to those companies engaged in river transportation of goods, have dry cargo, deck barges - platforms, projects 342 and 342B. This utility model is directly related to the modernization of the Praha-5 floating gravel processing plant on a dry cargo barge - a platform with a carrying capacity of 1000 tons, project 342B, which is designed to enrich a sand and gravel mixture in a hydroclassifier with subsequent loading of gravel and sand into transport vessels.

The problem is solved in that a block of hydrocyclones with hydraulic screens is additionally sequentially installed on the barge site. The hydrocyclone block, unlike the prototype, is made in the form of two hydrocyclones connected in series to this floating processing complex, the lower outlet of which is connected with hydroscreens, and the upper outlet of the first hydrocyclone is connected with the tangential inlet of the second hydrocyclone, the upper outlet of the second hydrocyclone is connected through the shutter knife gate with the tangential inlet conical part of the storage hopper, the upper outlet of which is associated with the discharge of the remaining classes of sand - 0.16 mm into the drain. Hydro screens are connected to gutters for loading into barges.

Hydrocyclones are known for separation of particles by size and their dehydration in an aqueous medium (pulp) (see, for example, the new Polytechnical Dictionary. The Big Russian Encyclopedia Scientific Publishing House, Moscow, 2000); RF patent No. 2173583 "Hydrocyclone", IPC 7 B04C 5/085, publ. 09/20/2001.);

RF patent No. 76253 "Hydrocyclone - Classifier", IPC B04C 5/08, B04C 5/18, B04C 11/00, publ. 09/20/2008.

Well-known hydraulic screens are used to separate the mixture into gravel and sand using a perforated body (gratings), (see CJSC Tsimlyansk Shipyard).

However, their widespread use is unknown as part of a single sorting and classification complex on a floating vessel: ship, barge, etc., except for the specified prototype. The proposed version of the complex’s designs is intended mainly for processing sand and gravel and is a compact structure mounted on a floating vessel. The complex allows you to completely process the soil raised from the bottom of the reservoir and get sand and gravel of various fractions.

Figure 1 shows the existing scheme of a floating concentration plant for processing sand and gravel.

The complex includes serially connected and installed on the barge platform 1 operator’s cabin 2, slurry line 3, slurry line 4, storage hopper 5, hopper-distributor 6, gutters 7, 8, pipeline 9, hydraulic shutters 10, 11, transfer tray 12, 13 , pipeline 14, knife gate valve 15.

Figure 2 shows the proposed scheme of a floating concentrating complex for processing sand and gravel. The complex includes serially connected and installed on the barge platform 1, operator’s cabin 2, slurry pipe 3, slurry pipe 4, storage hopper 5, hopper-distributor 6, gutters 7, 8, pipeline 9, hydraulic shutters 10, 11, transfer tray 12, 13, pipeline 14, knife gate valve 15, hydrocyclones 16, 17, hydraulic screens 22, 23, inclined tray 24, pipelines 25, 26, main water supply 27, slurry pipeline 28, hose valve 29, pipeline 30, 31.

The device complex operates as follows.

Preparation of the device for operation of a floating concentrating complex for processing sand and gravel mix begins in the following sequence:

In the operator’s cabin 2 located on the barge platform 1, the value of the volumetric flow rate of water supplied to each vortex chamber 18, 19 of hydrocyclones 16, 17 is determined in a certain way. Water is pumped from the reservoir through the main water supply 27 into the vortex chambers 18, 19 of hydrocyclones 16 , 17 from bottom to top. At the same time, through a slurry pipeline 3, water through a shutter slide valve 15 is supplied through a pipeline 28 to hydrocyclones 16, 17.

With the tightness of all pipelines and apparatus of the installation, water should exit only through both exits of the hydraulic passage 22, 23.

After carrying out all the preparatory measures, they give a command to supply the slurry (pulp), which is fed through the slurry pipe 3 through the shutter knife gate 15 to the pipe 28 to the tangential inlet of the hydrocyclone 16, where it acquires rotational motion. The pulp is mixed in the stream and due to centrifugal forces, the fine fraction of the sand-gravel mixture is separated from the coarse with the simultaneous wet grinding of grains from silty inclusions and organic products. Large grains, having a large inertial mass and due to high pressure over the cross section of the cone, begin to press against the walls of the cone, where they lose speed and, under the influence of gravity, settle down at the speed of their hydraulic coarseness. Inside the cone, a vacuum is formed due to the pressure difference in the center and along the edges, where particles, for example 10-5 mm or less, as lighter particles rise up and are carried out through pipeline 30 to the second hydrocyclone 17, and particles of a sand-gravel mixture larger than 10 mm begin settle down into the vortex chamber 18. At the same time, water begins to flow through the tangential nozzle for supplying circulating water to the vortex chamber 18, acquiring a rotational motion, picks up settling particles, untwists them and throws out through the nozzle, the valve English 29 and through pipeline 20 it enters a conical hydraulic screen 22 with a mesh perforation diameter of 20 mm, where 10-20 mm of gravel is produced, which is fed through a large product drain pipe to an inclined tray 24, from there it is discharged to a groove 8, and sand along with silty particles and the main part of the water enters through the drain pipe of a small product into the pipeline 25, through which it is discharged into the production area. The enriched pulp from the upper outlet of the hydrocyclone 16 enters the hydrocyclone 17 through the pipeline 30, where the same process as in the hydrocyclone 16 takes place, the enriched pulp enters the hydraulic screen 23 with a mesh perforation diameter of 10 mm, where 5-10 mm gravel is produced, which is fed through the drain pipe to the inclined tray 24, from where it is discharged into the pipe 26 to the gutter 8. Fine sand along with the remaining water enters through the drain pipe of the small product into the pipe 26, through which it is discharged into the production area. Enriched sand pulp without gravel fraction 0.16-5 mm and in the form of fine sand particles from the upper outlet of the hydrocyclone 17 enters through the pipe 31 and the knife gate valve 15 to the tangential inlet of the conical part of the storage hopper 5, where it acquires a rotational movement. The pulp is mixed in the stream and due to centrifugal forces, the separation of the fine sand mixture from the large one is carried out. Having large grains, having a large inertial mass and due to greater pressure over the cross section of the cone, they begin to press against the walls of the cone, where they lose speed and, under the influence of gravity, settle down at the speed of their hydraulic coarseness. Inside the cone, a vacuum is formed due to the pressure difference in the center and along the edges, where smaller particles, like lighter ones, rise up and hit the disk partition, which is located inside the upper horizontal part of the storage hopper 5 with a small gap around the perimeter, which provides an additional effect - separation of sand particles into large and small. Upon impact, large particles acquire acceleration and, due to gravity, fall down, and small particles of sand, due to the flow created by discharge, are dragged through the cracks between the internal disk partition and the body of the storage hopper 5 and are discharged through the pipeline 14 into the production area as a drain. Large particles of sand of a fraction of 0.16-5 mm through a pipeline 9 enter a distribution hopper 6, which in the conical part has two hydraulic shutters 10, 11 through which enriched sand of a fraction of 0.16-5 mm is fed to a gutter 7 for further loading onto barges .

If it is not necessary to fractionate sand and gravel mixtures, then the knife gate 15 is blocked on pipelines 28 and 31 and the sand and gravel mixture is immediately fed through slurry line 4 through the gate knife gate 15 installed on this slurry line directly to the tangential input of storage hopper 5, where it acquires a rotational motion. The pulp is mixed in the stream and due to centrifugal forces, the separation of the fine sand and gravel fraction from the large one is carried out. Having large grains, having a large inertial mass and due to greater pressure over the cross section of the cone, they begin to press against the walls of the cone, where they lose speed and, under the influence of gravity, settle down at the speed of their hydraulic coarseness. Inside the cone, a vacuum is formed due to the pressure difference in the center and along the edges, where smaller particles, like lighter ones, rise up and hit the disk partition, which is located in the upper horizontal part of the storage hopper with a small gap around the perimeter, which provides an additional effect of sand separation gravel mixture. Upon impact, large particles acquire acceleration and, due to gravity, fall down, and small particles of sand, due to the flow created by discharge, are dragged through the cracks between the internal disk partition and the body of the storage hopper 5 and are discharged through the pipeline 14 into the production area as a drain.

Thus, as a result of placing the complex for processing sand and gravel on a barge site, the costs of transporting intermediate products for their further processing, their transportation to the shore were excluded, the yield of building materials increased, and the complex also allows to increase the productivity of a hydrocyclone for solid phase discharge , adjust the separation boundary of the solid phase of the hydraulic mixture depending on the concentration of the initial mixture, without changing the geometric parameters of the hydrocyclone. Due to the dumping of waste not on the shore, but in the production area, the top layer of soil with silty and clay particles, which enters the pulp and is a valuable feed for fish, also returns to the bottom. From an environmental point of view, this is a big plus of the proposed modernization of the existing fleet. Due to the concentration of mining and processing facilities in the development area, transport vessels can be focused on the delivery of sand and gravel to their places of consumption.

Claims (1)

A floating dressing complex for processing sand and gravel mixtures, comprising feeding the mixture to a hydrocyclone block, characterized in that the hydrocyclone block is made in the form of two hydrocyclones connected in series and two hydroscreens, the output of the first hydrocyclone is connected to the input of the second hydrocyclone, the second output of the first a hydrocyclone with enriched pulp is associated with a hydro screen, one of the exits of which is associated with the release of the main part of the water with silt particles into the production area, and the second the exit with gravel of a fraction of 10-20 mm is connected by a trench for loading onto a barge, the second outlet of a second hydrocyclone is connected with a hydro screen, one of the outlets of which is connected with the release of water with sand particles into the water area, the second exit with gravel of a fraction of 5-10 mm is connected with a trench for loading into a barge, the output of the second pulp hydrocyclone with sand without gravel fraction 0.16-5 mm and in the form of fine sand particles enters the storage hopper, the lower outlet of which is connected to the sand distribution hopper fraction 0.16-5 mm through hydraulic gutters loading, the upper exit of the storage hopper is associated with the release of small particles of sand into the production area.