RO133714B1 - Process and system for maximized photovoltaic collection of solar energy, to energize terrestrial vehicles, water vehicles and for other applications - Google Patents

Description

RO 133714 Β1

The invention relates to a method and system for maximizing photovoltaic capture of solar energy for powering land vehicles, water vehicles and other applications.

The technical field of the invention refers to the capture and conversion with PV/Photovoltaic collection and conversion systems, foldable/de-foldable, with the automatic search (tracking) of the direction of the solar radiation, respectively of the maximum solar radiation and arranged on vehicles, caravans, campers, range extenders, boats and on other elements or objects, as well as in suitcases, boxes, suitcases and for other applications. The invention relates to methods and systems based on solar energy, captured PV on land vehicles, water vehicles, other assemblies, land enclosures, water enclosures. The energy obtained is used to drive the movement of vehicles and/or for other consumption, as well as for delivery outside the vehicle.

The state of the art of technical solutions in these fields, primarily of the use of PV on vehicles, is represented, worldwide, by a large number of developments and invention patents, registered or approved. The state of the art is revealed by solutions that place PV elements on vehicles in order to obtain electricity. For example, patent US 8020646 B2, 2011, presents a car in which PV elements were fixed on the hood, in a planar way, without following the direction of the sun. registration US0297459 A1 shows an automobile completely covered with PV elements. Patent US8020646 B2, 2011 shows an automobile that, when stationary, can transform as a whole to capture solar PV. For the illustration of the present invention, patents relating to erector systems, respectively for lifting some elements from a surface, are also relevant, patents such as: US 4194723, US 2625443, US1859830, US 6792840 B2. The present invention uses 2D PV systems, respectively arranged on a surface, and 3D PV systems, respectively with the spatial arrangement, 3D, of the PV modules. in the framework of the present invention, the solar energy collectors are formed from 2D PV sub-assemblies and 3D PV sub-assemblies, the latter formed, in turn, from groups of 3D PV modules. Each PV 3D group consists of 2 PV modules, adjacent, one below the other vertically, arranged on the large side, at an angle of 90 degrees between them. Extensive documentation on 3D PV collectors and 3D PV sub-systems is available with the keywords “Photovoltaic 3D. Although 3D PV collectors are present in the technical literature, they are not found in vehicle-mounted systems, nor in systems with the direction of solar radiation, nor in foldable or retractable systems.

The objective technical problem that the claimed invention solves consists in the consistent increase, from about two to over ten times, of the amount of PV energy captured on vehicles and other subassemblies, with an energy efficiency of about 25% of the PV modules, becoming viable for powering vehicles , boats etc.

The procedure for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, in order to use it for land vehicles, water vehicles and for other mobile or stationary applications according to the invention is characterized by the fact that:

(a) solar energy is received PV/photovoltaic and processed, by raising, for carrying out the capture process, on the upper exterior of land vehicles, on range extenders, on the exterior of water vehicles , respectively on the outer side of other objects, of some erector sub-systems, which support the solar azimuth modules and carry out, through the automatic movement of the solar PV modules, respectively of the active surfaces of the PV solar modules, the automatic tracking of the solar azimuth, by rotating the axis of these active PV surfaces

RO 133714 Β1 and the solar elevation, by tilting these active PV surfaces, according to the direction of solar elevation 1 and in the variant only by rotating according to the azimuth of the direction of solar radiation, and in which the tracking of the direction of solarization, respectively of the direction of solar radiation, is carried out as follows : 3 for 2D type PV capture:

- by arranging, by unfolding, successively, in the same plane, the PV modules or 5 of the PV blanket and their lifting by the erector, regardless of the erector lifting and unfolding procedure, the erector lifting system, the way of construction of the 7th erector, and

- by the automatic actuation of obtaining the incidence at 90 degrees, in azimuth and elevation, or 9 only in azimuth, of the direction of the solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules, actuation based on the evaluation of the signals from the sub-system for identifying the direction of radiation 11 solar, sub-system arranged on the erector, namely as follows: when capturing PV3D: 13 (b1)

- the creation of 3D PV sub-systems, by deploying multiple groups of 15 plan segments, each made up of 2 plan segments, adjacent, arranged successively, one below the other vertically, at an angle of 90 degrees between them, in within the group, and where each 17 plane segment is occupied with a PV module or PV modules, or with other elements, which plane segments are arranged as follows: the lower spatial plane segment, within the 19 PV 3D group, which possesses 2 plane segments, at an angle of inclination of 45 degrees to the axis of the erector, 21

- and at which, on the position of the lower spatial plane segment, within each 3D PV group, the PV module or modules from the lower position, intended for this plane segment, are installed, geometrically identical, including angular orientation, with the respective plane segment 23 , and, in the position of the upper plane segment, install: 25

- either a PV module (or PV modules) identical to the one installed in the lower position,

- or an element of reflective material, 27

- or the position is left free of air flow,

- and where all the PV modules of the 3D PV arrays are installed with the active side 29 towards the inside of the 90 degree angle between each of the 2 positions,

- and in which the automatic actuation performs the acquisition of incidence at 90 degrees, in 31 azimuth and elevation, or only in azimuth, of the direction of solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules at the bottom of each 3D PV group and is made based on the assessment 33 signals from sub-systems for identifying the direction of solar radiation, arranged on the erector, in spatial parallel with the PV modules in the lower positions, or 35 (b2)

- the creation, by unfolding, of sub-systems formed by groups of plan segments 37 arranged, successively, one below the other vertically, at an angle of 90 degrees between them within the group and with the bisector between the 2 groups of segments of plane, of each group of 39 plane segments, arranged perpendicular to the axis of the erector and on which plane segments a PV module or PV modules with the active PV part towards the inside 41 of the 90 degree angle are installed, on each one, and groups are formed 3D PV,

- and in which the automatic actuation of the rotation and tilt of the erector is performed 43 automatically, until the spatial coincidence between the direction of solar radiation and the direction of the bisector of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules of each group of 3D PV modules is obtained, 45 namely based on the evaluation signals from the sub-system for identifying the direction of solar radiation, arranged on the erector, spatially perpendicular to the bisector of the angle between the active faces 47 of the PV modules of each group of 3D PV modules.

RO 133714 Β1

The system for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to the invention, belongs to the respective vehicle or objective and is arranged, folded, in the interior or upper space of the respective vehicle or objective, or on the vehicle or objective, or in boxes, suitcases, suitcases, can be unfolded, on top of the respective vehicle or object, and consists, at least, of:

(A) (a) the lifting sub-system, respectively the erector, which, during capture, is raised and respectively deployed, automatically or manually, from the space of the vehicle or object, or from its upper part, from the upper outer part of land vehicles, respectively from the outside of water vehicles,

- and which erector supports the system's capture and ancillary PV modules, such as sun position detection sensors,

- and which erector achieves, with the active surfaces of the PV modules, automatic tracking (tracking), by rotating the active PV surfaces, installed on the erector, according to the direction of the solar radiation azimuth,

- and by tilting these active PV surfaces, following the direction of solar radiation elevation,

- and in the variant, only by rotating these active PV surfaces, according to the azimuth of the direction of the solar radiation, in which case the erector unfolds with a predetermined angle of inclination of about 23.5 degrees;

(b1) for 2D type PV capture:

- by arranging, by unfolding, successively, in the same plane, the PV modules or the PV blanket and their lifting by the erector, (8), regardless of the erector lifting and unfolding procedure, the erector lifting system , of the construction method of the erector, and

- by the automatic actuation of obtaining the incidence at 90 degrees, in azimuth and elevation, or only in azimuth, of the direction of the solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules, actuation based on the evaluation of the signals from the sub-system for identifying the direction of the solar radiation , sub-system arranged on the erector, in spatial parallel with the PV modules, (b2) with 3D PV subsystems, raised and supported by the erector, regardless of the erection procedure of the erector, regardless of the erection procedure of deployment, regardless of the erection system lifting of the erector, regardless of the construction method of the erector, as follows:

( b2.1) - the creation of 3D PV sub-systems, by unfolding multiple 3D PV groups, each made up of 2 adjacent plane segments, arranged vertically one below the other, and perpendicular, which are occupied with PV modules, which plane segments are arranged as follows: the lower spatial plane segment, within the 3D PV group, at 45 degrees to the axis of the erector, and the second plane segment, perpendicular to the first,

- and at which, on the position of the lower spatial plane segment, within each PV 3D group, the PV module or modules intended for this plane segment are installed, geometrically identical, including as an angular orientation with the respective lower plane segment, and, in position of the upper plane segment, install:

- either a PV module (or modules) identical to the one installed in the lower position,

- or a reflective element,

- or the position is left free of air flow,

- and where all the PV modules of the groups are installed with the active part towards the inside of the 90 degree angle formed by 2 PV modules each,

RO 133714 Β1

- and in which the automatic actuation performs the acquisition of incidence at 90 degrees, in 1 azimuth and elevation, or only in azimuth, of the direction of solar radiation with the active surface of the lower PV modules of each 3D PV group, based on the evaluation of signals from 3 under - the solar radiation direction identification system, arranged on the erector, in spatial parallel with each of the lower PV modules, 5 (b2) or

- the realization, by unfolding, of 3D PV sub-systems made up of 3D PV groups formed, 7 each of 2 adjacent, parallel PV modules, arranged one below the other vertically, at an angle of 90 degrees between them, and with the side Active PV directed to the inside of the 90 degree angle 9, between the 2 modules of the 3D PV group, and with the bisector between the 2 modules, of each 3D PV group, arranged perpendicular to the erector axis, 11

- and in which the automatic actuation of the rotation and tilt of the erector performs the obtaining of the spatial coincidence between the direction of the solar radiation and the direction of the bisector 13 of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules, of each group of 3D PV modules, based on the evaluation of the signals from the sub-system of identifying the direction of solar radiation, arranged on 15 erector, perpendicularly to the bisector of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules of one of the groups of PV modules 3D, 17 (c) and to which each erector system, together with the PV modules that supports, is, in version, foldable/de-foldable:19 (c1) automatically, (c2) and, separately, manually,21 (c3) and as a result of the evaluation by the monitoring/automation sub-system of the signals from wind flow intensity sensors;23 (B) an electromechanical folding/unfolding subsystem made with multiple X-parallel scissors or other lifting systems;25 (C) The erector positioning/supporting subsystem consisting of a plate of base, on which the erector and its appendages are located, from which the erector rises, and which:27 (c1) if the system does not act and the inclination of the erector, the mounting is carried out rigidly, prefixed, and with an inclination of the erector equal to the sum between the angle of geographic latitude 29 in the area of use and the maximum deviation of the sun's elevation, (c2) if the system activates the tilt of the erector, it automatically tilts the base plate 31, and implicitly, thereby the erector, with respect to the plane of the turret, (c3) and to which, the base plate is anchored to the turret:33

- through a hinge-type system or through a swing-axis type system, together with 35

- one or more systems for actuating the tilt of the erector, by tilting the base plate, as well as, in the version, for sensing the tilted position of the erector,37 (D) the rotating sub-system of the erector consisting of a turret that rotates the base plate (C), and implicitly the erector placed on it, and the attached elements of the turret, such as39 the sub-systems for actuating the rotation and sensing the position of the turret, during its rotation,41 (E) in the variant, an enclosure in which the erector folds and, in the version, retracts:

(F) a measurement sub-system with sensors:43 (f1) of the instantaneous position of the sun, (f2) of the speed of the wind flow,45 (f3) of the energy demand by the electric accumulators of the vehicle, (f4) of proximity; 47 (G) a sub-system of automation and actuation of the elements that carry out the command and actuation of movements: rotation and tilt, or only rotation, during capture, 49 folding, retreating, protections, satisfaction of restrictions, communication.

RO 133714 Β1

The procedures and system perform solar radiation direction tracking with 3D PV systems, and in a different way than with 2D PV systems. The sun moves on a quasi-circular trajectory, a trajectory located in an inclined plane with an angle correlated with the value of the geographical latitude of the respective place. For example, for zero latitude the inclination of this plane is 0 degrees, the radiation arrives on the ground under an angle of 90 degrees, for the latitude of 45 degrees North, the inclination of this plane is 45 degrees and the radiation, at its maximum moment, arrives on ground under the angle of 45 degrees, for the latitude of 90 degrees North, the radiation arrives on the ground under an angle of 0 degrees, i.e. parallel to the ground. This inclined plane shows, depending on the date of the year, variations of up to +/- 23.5 degrees with respect to the latitude of the respective place. consequently, the processes and systems for maximizing the energy captured must respond, through the automatic rotation of the PV panels by up to 180 degrees, for the solar movement in azimuth, and at least (the geographical latitude of the respective place +/- 23.5 degrees ) for the solar displacement in elevation.

The decrease in solar energy capture efficiency depending on the angle of deviation of the solar radiation from the vertical at the active surface of the PV modules, is presented in the following table.

Table 1

Angular deviation x degrees The loss of energy that can be captured as a result of the angular deviation of the direction of receiving solar radiation 90 100% 80 82.7% 70 65.8% 60 50% 50 35.8% 45 29.3% 40 23.4% 30 13.4% 23.5 8.3% 20 6.1% 10 1.6% 5 0.4% 0 0%

in order to maximize the captured energy, it is necessary to continuously reposition the active surface of the PV modules in order to:

(a) in the case of 2D PV systems: to maintain, during the movement of the globe, an angle of incidence of the solar radiation, of 90 degrees, with the active surface of the PV modules;

(b) in the case of 3D PV systems: to maintain, during the movement of the globe, an angle of incidence of the solar radiation, of 90 degrees, with the active surface of the conducting PV modules, of each 3D PV group consisting of 2 modules PVs arranged adjacently, one below the other vertically, and intersected at a 90-degree angle, with the active PV part facing outwards from the 90-degree angle, starting from the top

RO 133714 Β1 of this angle towards its exterior. The leading PV modules are formed by the sum of those 1 modules of each 3D PV group, which are arranged in the 2 modules part, in the lower part of the 3D PV group; 3 or, (b2) in the case of 3D PV systems: to maintain, during the movement of the globe 5, the spatial coincidence between the direction of solar radiation and the bisector of the 90 degree angle between the 2 adjacent PV modules of each 3D PV group. The selection between (b1) and 7 (b2) is made:

- depending on the geographical latitude, in the northern part technical solution 9 (b2) being preferable, in the 45 degree latitude area and towards the equator being preferable technical solution (b1);

- depending on the characteristics of the 3D PV system components; 11

- depending on the characteristics of the environment surrounding the capture, for example depending on the ratio between the direct incident energy and the energy arrived by diffusion.13

The exposition of the invention consists in the description:

(I) of the solar energy processing procedures in order to maximize the 15 energy harvest and (II) of the system that achieves this maximization.17 (I) The processing procedures carried out by the present invention consist of:

(1) in accordance with the technical solution of the invention, (a) solar energy is received 19 PV/photovoltaic and processed, (fig. 1), by raising, for carrying out the capture process, on the upper outer part of land vehicles, on systems for extending the length/route 21 of car movement (range extenders), in the sense of increasing the transport possibilities, on the outer part of water vehicles, respectively on the outer part, and in multiple other 23 applications, on other objects or assemblies, or through unfolding from suitcases, suitcases, enclosures, boxes, etc., some erector sub-systems, which support the capturing PV modules and perform, by 25 the automatic movement of the PV modules, respectively of the active surfaces of the capturing PV modules, the automatic tracking (tracking): 27

- of the solar azimuth, by rotating these active PV surfaces, and

- of the solar elevation, by tilting these active PV surfaces, according to the direction of the solar elevation 29;

- and in the variant only by rotating according to the azimuth of the direction of the solar radiation. 31

The tracking of the solar radiation direction, respectively the solar radiation direction, is performed as follows: 33 (a) in 2D type PV capture:

- by arranging the 2D PV sub-assembly, by unfolding, in the same plane, the 35 PV modules, or the PV blanket and lifting them by the erector, regardless of the erector lifting and unfolding procedure, the erector lifting system, of the erector's 37 construction mode, namely

- by the automatic actuation of obtaining the incidence at 90 degrees, in azimuth and elevation, 39 or only in azimuth, of the direction of solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules, actuation based on the evaluation of the signals from the radiation direction identification sub-system 41 solar, sub-system arranged on the erector, spatially parallel with the PV modules;

(b) to 3D PV capture, respectively spatial, with 3D PV subsystems, raised and 43 supported by the erector, regardless of the erector raising procedure, regardless of the erector deployment procedure, regardless of the erector raising system, regardless of the erector construction module 45, as follows:

RO 133714 Β1 (b1) - the creation of 3D PV sub-systems, by deploying multiple 3D PV groups, each consisting of 2 plan segments, adjacent, one below the other vertically, intended for their occupation with PV modules, and which plane segments are arranged as follows: the lower spatial position, within each PV 3D group consisting of 2 plane segments, at an angle of inclination of 45 degrees, with respect to the axis of the erector, and the second position perpendicular to the first , and where in the position of the lower spatial plane segment, within each PV 3D group, the PV module or modules, intended for this plane segment, are installed, with the spatial orientations identical to those of the plane segment, and, in the position of the plane segment upper is installed:

- either a PV module (or several modules) identical to the one installed in the lower position;

- or an element of reflective material,

- or the position is left free to the air flow, and in which all the PV modules of the 3D PV groups are installed with the active part towards the outside of the 90 degree angle between each of the 2 plane segments, starting from the top of this angle; and in which the automatic actuation achieves the incidence at 90 degrees, in azimuth and elevation, or only in azimuth, of the direction of the solar radiation with the active surface of each PV module arranged in the lower part of each 3D PV group, actuation performed based on the evaluation of the signals from sub-systems for identifying the direction of solar radiation, arranged on the erector, spatially parallel with the lower PV modules;

(b2) - the realization, by unfolding, (fig. 8), of 3D PV sub-systems made up of parallel 3D PV groups, made up of parallel, adjacent PV modules, arranged one below the other vertically, at an angle of 90 degrees between them, with the bisector of each group, arranged perpendicular to the axis of the erector, and

- by automatically operating the rotation and tilting of the erector until the spatial coincidence between the direction of solar radiation and the direction of the bisector of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules, of each group of 3D PV modules, is obtained, based on the evaluation of the signals from the direction identification sub-system solar radiation, arranged on the erector, spatially perpendicular to the bisector of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules of each group of 3D PV modules;

(c) and in which each erector sub-system, together with the PV modules supporting them, is, in version, collapsible/de-collapsible (fig. 2):

(c1) automatic;

(c2) and, separately, manually;

(c3) and as a result of the evaluation by the monitoring/automation sub-system of the signals from the wind flow intensity sensors.

(2) The erector is automatically folded and/or manually separated, and, in the variant, automatically retracted and/or manually separated.

It can also raise and orient the entire roof of the car or parts of it.

(3) The technical solution for deploying PV modules placed on strips or blankets performs 2D or 3D deployment. in the case of 2D PV systems, obtaining the maximum energy harvest is achieved based on the control of the incidence of solar radiation under an angle of 90 degrees in relation to the surface of the PV modules.

in the case of 3D PV systems, made by deploying PV modules placed on strips or blankets, driving and moving the erector, respectively the active surface of the PV modules, is carried out, depending on the geographical latitude, in 2 ways:

(a) driving the erector based on the spatial orientation of each lower PV module, within each 3D PV group of 2 adjacent modules, arranged at 90 degrees to each other, one below the other vertically. The lower PV modules become conductive modules and, as a result, the sun position sensors are placed on parallel sub-systems with the lower PV modules;

RO 133714 Β1 (b) driving the erector based on the spatial orientation of the bisector between the two 1 PV modules, within each 3D PV group of 2 adjacent modules, arranged at 90 degrees to each other, one below the other vertically. The bisector becomes the leading 3-reference element and, as a result, the sun position identification sensors are placed on sub-systems perpendicular to the bisector between the 3D PV array modules. 5 (4) The technical solution creates the erector from parallel scissors in multiple X, where the PV modules are arranged, vertically on the surfaces generated by the scissors in multiple X 7, and performs the 2D, respectively 3D unfolding.

in the case of 3D PV systems, made by unfolding the PV modules by using 9 parallel scissors in multiple X, the driving and displacement of the erector, respectively of the active surface of the PV modules, is carried out, depending on the geographical latitude, in 2 ways: 11 (a) driving the erector based on the spatial orientation of each lower PV module, within each 3D PV group of 2 adjacent modules, arranged at 90 degrees to each other 13 from each other, one below the other vertically. The lower PV modules become leading modules and, as a result, the sensors for identifying the position of the sun are placed on subsystems 15 parallel to the lower PV modules;

(b) driving the erector based on the spatial orientation of the bisector between the two 17 PV modules, within each 3D PV group of 2 adjacent modules, arranged at 90 degrees to each other, one below the other vertically. The bisector becomes the driving reference element 19 and as a result, the sun position identification sensors are placed on sub-systems perpendicular to the bisector of the 3D PV group modules, 21 with the lower driving PV module and 3D based on the bisector between the modules and perform the optimization the energy harvest by obtaining the incidence of the active PV surfaces with the direction of 23 solar radiation, and for 3D PV conducted through bisectors, of the spatial coincidence between the direction of the bisector of the angle between 2 adjacent modules arranged at 90 degrees and the direction of 25 solar radiation.

(6) The introduction of erector tilt spatial restrictions is necessary to eliminate interference between the erector expansion space and prohibited spaces, such as those intended for traffic, etc. and is achieved by the preselected command, by the automation system 29, of the tilt of the erector between accepted limits for each zone.

(7) The process of adaptive protection of the erector against wind aggression performs 31 automatically, intrinsically, adaptively, proportional to the wind speed, the modification of the section of the slots, formed by PV elements and provided for the transfer of the wind flow. After the disappearance of the wind flow 33, the PV elements return to the capture positions.

(8) The procedure for the constructive realization of the erector, of the type consisting of 35 parallel scissors in multiple X, with PV 2D or PV 3D modules includes the production phases of PV capture systems that use erectors, of the parallel scissors type in multiple X, in order to 37 tracking the direction of the sun.

(II) The system that maximizes the captured energy: 39 (9) The main components of the capture system are: the erector and its appendages, the erector unfolding/folding system, the erector base plate, the erector tilting system 41, the turret erector rotation, erector fold/unfold actuation subsystems, erector rotation, erector tilt drive subsystems, sun position identification subsystems, automation subsystems, folding enclosures, wind speed sensors, wind sensors proximity, the sub-system of automation, the sub-system of taking over the captured electric energy 45.

RO 133714 Β1 (10) Through the unfolding process of the cover or strip of 2D PV modules or 3D PV modules, the inclination of the lower PV modules under the angle of 45 degrees to the axis of the erector, respectively the perpendicularity of the bisector between the modules is ensured 3D PV on the erector axis. the controlled inclination of the erector, at predetermined moments, during the capture, in order to follow the solar elevation, is achieved with a minimum of +/-23.5 degrees.

(11) The multiple X parallel scissors erector implicitly places the PV modules at the angles generated by the multiple X parallel scissors, which have the multiple role of: (a) folding/unfolding, (b) implicit, intrinsic placement of the PV modules, arranged perpendicular to each other, in pairs, at the angles resulting from unfolding the parallel scissors in multiple X, (c) tilting of the PV module groups, (d) rotating the PV module groups.

(12) Obtaining the controlled inclination of the erector modules in the case of the use of parallel scissors in multiple X, is achieved by:

(a) tilting the base plate, on which the base of the erector is solidly fixed, with respect to the surface of the turret, for which purpose, the base plate is actuated, between the turret and the base plate, by a linear displacement system;

(b) or, alternatively, by changing the extension of the erector, which changes the angles generated by it.

(13) The interpretation and practical application, within the system, of the spatial restrictions on the movement of the erector, is carried out by the automation subsystem as follows:

(a) on the spatial portions that are not restricted: the inclination of the erector is carried out with the optimal angle necessary, at the time, to maximize the level of captured energy;

(b) on the spatial portions that include restricted areas: the inclination of the erector is carried out, with the optimal angle necessary to maximize the level of captured energy, reduced to the limit imposed by the restrictive conditions, and to which the limits are preset, when parking, by the driver of the vehicle , before unfolding, and are entered, digitally, through the means of communication with the automation system, within the templates present on the system's computer.

(14) The practical protection of the system, in fact of the erector and its annexes, against wind aggression is achieved by allowing the rotation of some PV modules, based on their connection, through hinges, around some axes, in the sense of allowing the automatic opening and augmentation of n and sections/ways for the wind flow and with the return of the sub-modules or parts of the modules, elastically, forced, after the disappearance of the pressure level of the wind flow, in the capture position, namely by the action of the springs, as well as by other solutions technical.

(15) Ensuring the stability and constructive robustness of the erector is achieved including through its elastic anchoring to the supporting base plate as well as through other technical solutions.

(16) in order to increase the extension space on vehicles, of the erector, on vehicles, the erector is installed eccentrically on its support base plate.

(17) The collection of electricity from the capture system is carried out separately, for each chain of capture PV modules with the same lighting and shading conditions. The application of light and shading management, consisting in the fact that PV elements connected in a chain and facing the same direction, and under the same possible shading conditions, are connected individually, separately to MPP sub-systems specific to that PV chain, which discharges the energy to voltage equalization sub-systems specific to that PV chain, connected to the DC busbar. of electricity.

RO 133714 Β1 (18) The electrical Sub-System of the capture system carries out, at the necessary moments 1, the exchange of energy with the public network, in the sense that the public network charges the accumulators of the system, in the absence of solar radiation, and the PV system discharges energy, in network 3 public, when stationary and the batteries are fully charged.

(19) The automation and monitoring sub-system of the PV System with dynamic tracking 5 actuates the erector folding/unfolding, performing the tilting and rotating of the rector, preserving the extension space, processing the signals from the sensors of sun position, 7 wind intensity and of positions and the development of cyclic commands, based on the tracking algorithm, of the rotation and tilt of the erector.9 (20) The multiple integration of PV collectors with tracking, on the same vehicle is carried out based on:11

- the arrangement of PV collectors within the existing dimensions of the vehicle roof, and/or13

- by augmenting the folding and retracting enclosure of the capture systems, including by: 15

- extending the length and width of the folding and folding enclosure, and/or

- by changing the architecture of the vehicle, by increasing the dimensions 17 of the portions in front of the cabin and/or rear of the vehicle.

The way in which the invention can be exploited industrially is particularly vast and 19 beneficial: for the energization of light, light to medium vehicles, batteries for large systems, land and water vehicles, ensuring work and tourist transport, 21 energy servicing of farms, irrigation and many other applications, namely at costs, after amortization of the investment, nil. 2. 3

The advantages of the invention consist in:

- achieving an exceptionally favorable response to the energy requirements of transport, farms, irrigation, renewable energy users (prosu-mers) and an extremely wide number of other applications; 27

- economy of space;

- costs, zero, after amortization of the investment, reduced costs of the solar radiation direction tracking system 29, reduced costs of the investment;

- installation including on vehicles; 31

- elimination of frequent possibilities of self-shadowing of the catcher configurations;

- low weight; 33

- foldability;

- high energy efficiency: 35

- due to the control of the direction of the sun, the capture efficiency increases by about 50%, so about 1.5 times;37

- increased capture surface, from about 2 to more than 4 times, by unfolding on the external surface of the vehicle, leads to an increase in the energy yield by more than about39

300%, so 3 times, therefore the harvest increases by about 4.5 times, using a single erector.41

By using 3 erectors the harvest increases more than 10 times. The realization according to the invention delivers, for an area of 2m ² raised by the erector, automatically oriented towards the sun, 43 and at a PV efficiency of about 25%, about 0.5 kW, and for 3 erectors per vehicle, about 1.5 kW .

in 8 hours of solemnization, more than about 12 kWh/day are obtained. Considering that it consumes about 45

400 Wh for each start and about 200 Wh per Km covered in the plan, it results, for about 10 starts, the possibility of covering about 40 Km, enough for a willing workplace 47

RO 133714 Β1 at 20 Km. Compared to the Toyota Prius solution, which does not use sun direction control or deployment, and which realistically provides about 120 W, the technical solutions according to the invention achieve an increase in the amount of energy by more than 10 times, sufficient to satisfy the energy requirements for the trips individual, at work, of hundreds of thousands of commuters,

- the possibility of giving up fossil fuels and the elimination of pollution, the possibility of obtaining a sufficient amount of energy to carry out strictly necessary transports and other benefits.

Brief presentation of each figure in the explanatory drawings:

Fig. 1. Presentation of the arrangement process on the upper outer surface of a vehicle, 1, of a PV collector, 2, of solar radiation, collector unfolded, which follows the direction of solar radiation, by rotating around the vertical axis, 4, for a-zimuth control and by tilting about the horizontal axis, 3, to control the elevation of the sun.

Fig. 2. Presentation of the arrangement procedure on the upper outer surface of a vehicle, 1, of a folded PV collector, 2, according to fig. 1.

Fig. 3. Unfolding on the outer, upper surface of a vehicle a 2D PV structure and its orientation in the direction of solar radiation: 2 represents the subsystem located on the vehicle, including the erector, the PV capture elements, 8, the turret, 10, for rotating the erector.

Fig. 4. Unfolding on the outer, upper surface of a vehicle a 3D PV structure of the type with slots for PV modules and its orientation in the direction of solar radiation, 2 represents the subsystem located on the vehicle, including the erector, 8 the PV capture elements, 10 the turret that rotate the erector. The system includes automatic erector tilting, detailed in the following drawings.

Fig. 5. Details of (fig. 4): 5 represents the direction of solarization, 11 represents the perpendicular to the surface of the PV modules, desired to coincide with the direction of solarization, 12 represents the angle between the unfolded element supporting the PV modules, 90 degree angle, when unfolded , and which is automatically modified by the inclination process, in order to coincide the spatial direction of the bisector with the direction of the sun, 13 angle equal to 45 degrees.

Fig. 6. Structure of 3D PV groups, each group consisting of 2 PV modules, one below the other in height, arranged at 90 degrees to each other, with the active surfaces facing the direction of solar radiation. The orientation of the PV sub-system is based on its driving, considering the PV modules at the bottom of each 3D PV group as leading modules, as a result of the fact that the sensors for identifying the position of the sun are mounted parallel to the leading PV modules, 2 represents the subsystem located on the vehicle , including the erector, 8 PV capture elements, 10 turret rotating the erector.

Fig. 7. Details of fig. 6: 5 represents the direction of solarization, 11 represents the perpendicular to the surface of the PV modules, desired to coincide with the direction of solarization. 8 represents the conducting modules, parallel to the solar radiation direction identification sub-system.

Fig. 8. Deploying on the outer, upper surface of a vehicle a 3D PV structure consisting of 3D PV groups of 2 PV modules each, arranged at 90 degrees to each other and at 45 degrees to the axis of the erector, and with routing, through driving the rotation and tilting of the e-rectifier, so that the parallel bisectors of each 3D PV group have a spatial direction that coincides with the direction of solar radiation. The system orients the bisector of the 3D PV module groups, 2 represents the subsystem located on the vehicle, including the erector, 8 the PV capture elements, 10 the turret 10 that rotates the erector.

Fig. 9. Detail of the 3D PV group, from fig. 8, and consisting of 2 PV modules arranged successively, vertically, one below the other, and at 90 degrees between them, 5 represents the direction of the solar radiation and the bisector between the PV modules, desired to coincide spatially. 11 represents the angle between the PV modules.

RO 133714 Β1

Fig. 10. Method and system in which the entire roof with PV modules, 8, of 1 vehicle 1 becomes a PV collector. The raising of the roof is achieved, exemplified, with an erector of the multiple X parallel scissors type, placed on a base plate, not shown in 3 of this drawing and visible in the following drawings. The base plate is placed on a rotating turret 10, turret, against which the base plate can tilt. The non-displaced roof portion 5 16 is also covered with PV modules.

Fig. 11. (a) Side view of folded 2D PV module sub-assembly. 8 PV panels, 17 7 flexible interconnecting elements between panels, 18 folding, unfolding tape, connected to each module or PV component assembly, which folds when the erector is folded and 9 unfolds when the erector is unfolded.

(b) Front view of unfolded 2D PV module sub-assembly. 11

Fig. 12. (a) Side view of folded 3D PV module sub-assembly. 8 PV modules, 17 elastic connection between 3D PV groups, 18 folding, unfolding tape, which contributes to 13 ensuring and maintaining the 90 degree angle between each 2 modules of the 3D PV group.

(b) Front view of unfolded 2D PV module sub-assembly. When unfolded, each 15 the 2 modules, of the same group, are arranged under the angle, 19, of 90 degrees. 20 The lower module, within the PV 3D group. 17

Fig. 13. One segment to make the X group of 2 segments, component of the multiple X lifting scissor. 21 The basic segment of the construction of parallel scissors 19 in multiple X. 22 Holes for joints to connect to axles or to connect to other segments or to connect to both axles and other segments. 21

Fig. 14. Making a scissor group in X consisting of 2 segments.

Fig. 15. Realization of a lifting sub-system consisting of scissors in multiple X. 23

Fig. 16. Realization of a lifting sub-system consisting of 2 parallel scissors in multiple X.25

Fig. 17. The generation by parallel scissors in multiple X of the plans for the placement of the modules of the 3D PV groups formed, each, by 2 modules arranged at 90 de27 degrees. 23 Lower surface generated by parallel shears in multiple X. 24 The upper surface generated by the parallel shears in multiple X.29

Fig. 18. Profile view (side view) of multiple X-parallel scissor supporting 3D PV arrays, for the case where solar radiation arrives at 45 degrees and the erector is31 vertical. 8 PV modules on the lower positions of the 3D PV group, 25 PV modules on the upper positions of the 3D PV group.33

Fig. 19. Profile (side) view of multiple X-parallel scissor supporting 3D PV arrays for the case of 45 degrees latitude and where solar radiation 35 arrives at (45-23.5) degrees and the erector, for tuning at the direction of solar radiation is inclined by -23.5 degrees. 8 PV modules on the lower positions of the PV 3D group, 25 PV modules 37 on the upper positions of the PV 3D group.

Fig. 20. Profile (side) view of multiple X-parallel scissor supporting 39 3D PV arrays for the 45 degree latitude case, where solar radiation arrives at (45 degrees+23.5 degrees) and the erector, for tuning at the direction of solar radiation is inclined by 41 +23.5 degrees. 8 PV modules on the lower positions of the 3D PV array, 25 PV modules on the upper positions of the 3D PV array. 43

Fig. 21. Automatic control of the augmentation of the sections given to the transfer of the wind flow. (a) 26 resistances, created by the system, in the path of the wind flow. (b) 27 automatically default opening 45 of the wind discharge slot.

RO 133714 Β1

Fig. 22. The main components of the system for the capture with PV/photovoltaic means of solar energy, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles, water vehicles, and other objectives. 31 sun position and wind flow intensity sensors, 30 erector elements, 8 3D PV sub-system components, 29 erector support plate, provided with the possibility of automatic tilting in relation to the turret 10.

Fig. 23. Multiple X parallel scissor erector used on vehicles, roadway extension systems and applications.

Fig. 24. Capture system with erector made with parallel scissors in multiple X, according to (fig. 23). 2 erector group with base plate and turret, 10 rotating turret, 29 base plate, integral with the erector, 30 erector consisting of parallel scissors in multiple X, completed with PV modules, mounted on the base plate, 31 sun position sensors, 32 group of movable anchoring elements of the base plate on the turret, of the hinge type, 33 elements for actuating the unfolding/folding of the parallel scissor in multiple X, 34 elements for actuating the distance of one end of the base plate from the turret, respectively the inclination of the plate base versus turret.

Fig. 25. Detailing of some elements of (fig. 24), with the presentation of the elastic anchoring elements. 35 additional base plate, 36 shock absorbers, 37 shock absorbers inserted on anchor cables.

Fig. 26. Partial view of the erector from the side. 38 linear guide element, by sliding between the guides, each of the 2 front terminals (or from the front) of the parallel scissors in multiple X, the other 2 terminals being connected, by rotation joints, to the base plate.

Fig. 27. Electrical operation structure of the system: 8 PV modules, 39 chain of PV modules with the same spatial orientation, 40 chain of PV modules with a different spatial orientation from the chain 39. 41, 43 MPP (Maximum PowerPoint Control), 42, 44 , 46, 48 voltage equalizers, 45, 47, MPP (Maximum PowerPoint Control) for power from PV modules with non-sun tracking systems, 49 ac voltage rectifier from the public electricity network, 50 voltage adapter to the busbar voltage level, 51 d.c./a.c. converter. for transmitting energy to the public network, 52 protections and connector for delivery to the public network, 53 control device for charging batteries, 54 connector and protections for DC energy delivery to the outside of the vehicle.

Fig. 28. The method of realization, through the adaptive opening of the slots, of the wind attack protection devices, 8 portions of PV modules or sub-modules, 57 the mounting frame of the portions of PV modules or sub-modules, made, by way of example, on the segments of parallel scissors in multiple X, 58 hinges or elements that allow mobility between the PV sub-module and the side of the frame, 59 springs.

Fig. 29. Installation of multiple PV systems, made with dynamic orientation according to the direction of the sun, (a) on vehicles, (b) on boats, (c) modification of the architecture of the vehicles and the storage premises of the capture systems so as to deploy a high number of 2 erectors, provided with 8 PV modules or 3D PV groups.

The detailed presentation of the object of the invention describes the technical solutions of the processes and systems intended for the maximization of PV capture of solar energy, on land vehicles, on water vehicles or on other assemblies, namely:

- at the level of efficiency offered by the usual PV elements;

- with average and respectively low costs;

- subject to weight restrictions;

RO 133714 Β1

- under the conditions of the extension restrictions regarding the usable space; 1

- with the achievement of light and shadow management;

- with the provision of protection against wind aggression. 3

Fig. 30. Details of the sub-system for identifying the direction of solar radiation and of the geometric plan that characterizes it: 61 the sub-system box for sensing the direction 5 of solar radiation, 62, 2 groups of photodiodes for sensing the solar elevation, by the difference in illumination between the 2 groups of photodiodes, 63 groups of photodiodes for sensing 7 the solar azimuth, by the difference in illumination between the 2 groups of photodiodes, 64 the geometric plan of the sub-system for identifying the direction of the solar radiation: 9 (a) the case where the management of the capture system is performed based on the maximization of the energy captured by the lower module: the geometric plan of the sub-system for identifying 11 the direction of solar radiation is identical to the geometric plan of the lower PV module, from each 3D PV group consisting of 2 PV modules; 13 (b) the case in which the management of the capture system is carried out based on the maximization of the energy captured symmetrically, by both PV modules, arranged at 90 degrees, between 15 e, of each 3D PV group consisting of 2 modules PV: the geometric plane of the subsystem for identifying the direction of solar radiation is perpendicular to the bisector of the angle 17 between the 2 modules, arranged at 90 degrees, of each PV 3D group.

The detailed presentation of the technical solutions that are the object of the invention consists of: 19 I. Presentation of the procedures and II. Presentation of systems. 21

I. Detailed presentation of the technical solutions that are the object of the invention: the procedures.

The usual PV elements refer first of all to mono-crystalline type PV on aluminum foil support 23, thin film type PV, and secondly, to any type of PV elements possessing reduced weights. 25 (1) according to the technical solution of the invention, (a) solar energy is received

PV/photovoltaic and processed, (fig.1), by raising, for carrying out the capture process, on 27 the outer upper part of land vehicles, on systems for extending the length/car travel route (range extenderes), on the outer part of vehicles on water, and on the external side 29 of multiple objects or assemblies, of erector sub-systems 2, with foldable lifting, which support the PV modules and which perform by automatically moving the PV modules 31, respectively the active surfaces of the PV modules sensors, automatic tracking (tracking) of the solar azimuth, by rotating along axis 4 of these active PV surfaces, and of the 33 solar elevation, by tilting these active PV surfaces, along the direction of the solar elevation, and in the variant only by rotating along the azimuth of the radiation direction solar. Tracking the direction 35 of the solar radiation, respectively the direction of the solar radiation, is carried out as follows:

(a) at 2D type PV capture, (fig. 3): 37

- by arranging, by unfolding, successively, in the same plane the PV modules or the PV blanket and their lifting by the erector, 8, regardless of the erector lifting procedure 39 and unfolding, of the erector lifting system, of the construction method of the erector, and 41

- by the automatic actuation of obtaining the incidence at 90 degrees, in azimuth and elevation, or only in azimuth, of the direction of the solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules, actuation 43 performed on the basis of the evaluation of the signals from the identification sub-system, arranged on erector, of the solar radiation direction, spatially parallel to the PV modules; 45 (b) for 3D type PV capture, respectively spatial, with 3D PV subsystems, raised and supported by the erector, regardless of the erection procedure of the erector, regardless of the 47 procedure of erector deployment, regardless of the erector lifting system, regardless of the construction method of the erector, as follows: 49

RO 133714 Β1 (b1) - realization of 3D PV sub-systems, (fig. 4), (fig. 5), (fig. 6), (fig. 7), (fig. 17), by unfolding the multiple 3D PV groups, made up of 2 plane segments, adjacent, one below the other vertically, perpendicular to each other, intended for their occupation by PV modules, and which plane segments are arranged as follows: the lower spatial position, within each group , at an angle of inclination of 45 degrees with respect to the axis of the erector, and at which, on the position of the segment of the lower spatial plane, the PV module or modules intended for this position are installed, with the spatial orientations identical to those of the segment of the plane, and, in the upper position is installed:

- either a PV module (or several modules) identical to the one installed in the lower position;

- or an element made of reflective material;

- or the position is left free of air flow,

- and where all the PV modules of the 3D PV arrays are installed with the active side facing the outside of the 90 degree angle between each of the 2 plane segments, respectively towards the concave side of the 3D PV array,

- and in which the automatic actuation of obtaining the incidence at 90 degrees, in azimuth and elevation, or only in azimuth, of the direction of the solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules at the bottom of each 3D PV group, is carried out based on the evaluation of the signals of to sub-systems for identifying the direction of solar radiation, arranged on the erector, spatially parallel with the PV modules in the lower positions, (b2): - creation, by unfolding, (fig.8), of 3D PV sub-systems formed by parallel 3D PV groups, formed by parallel, adjacent PV modules, arranged at an angle of 90 degrees between them and one below the other vertically, with the bisector of each group, arranged perpendicular to the axis of the erector;

- by automatically operating the rotation and tilting of the erector until the spatial coincidence between the direction of solar radiation and the direction of the bisector of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules, of each group of 3D PV modules, is obtained, based on the evaluation of the signals from the direction identification sub-system solar radiation, arranged on the erector, spatially perpendicular to the bisector of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules of each group of 3D PV modules.

(c) and in which each erector sub-system, together with the PV modules supporting them, is, in version, collapsible/de-collapsible (fig. 2):

(c1) automatic;

(c2) and, separately, manually;

(c3) and as a result of the evaluation by the monitoring/automation sub-system of the signals from the wind flow intensity sensors.

(2) The erector is automatically folded and/or manually separated, and, in the variant, automatically retracted and/or manually separated (fig. 2), in:

(I) an enclosure arranged on the roof of the vehicle, or (II) in the roof of the vehicle, or (III) on the roof of the vehicle, or (IV) in movable parts, of the roof of the vehicle, and which parts, in the variant, are covered to the outside with elements /PV modules, or (V) in a suitcase, suitcase, crate, box, (VI) and, in the variant, fig. 10, the erector raises the entire roof, with PV modules, (8) of the vehicle, or portions of the vehicle roof, which it orients according to the azimuth and, in the version, tilts according to the elevation of the solar radiation, and to which the portion of the roof that remains unraised 16, and is lit, is covered with modules, and in which, after folding, the PV modules, from the roof remaining visible to solar radiation, are kept active,

RO 133714 Β1 (VII) in mixed configurations of configurations (I) to (VI). 1 (3) The technical solution for deploying PV modules placed on strips or blankets. The PV modules raised by the erector or erectors, regardless of the method or lifting system 3 of the erector or erectors, are constructively placed on folding/unfolding elements, such as strips of foldable material 18, or elements and materials that can be folded in the form of 5 harmonica, or elements that can be folded on rollers/drums, where:

(a) for 2D PV systems: 7

- raising the erector positions, when unfolding and through unfolding, successively and adjacently, PV modules in 2D mode, under the angle of 1800 between 2 adjacent modules, (fig. 11), or 9 PV blankets and

- in which the automation sub-system acts the rotation and tilt movements, 11 in order to obtain the incidence at 90 degrees between the direction of the solar radiation and the active surface of the PV modules, based on the evaluation of the signals from the sub-system with sensors, arranged spatially, 13 parallel to the plane of the active faces of the PV modules;

( b) for 3D PV systems: 15 ( b 1) - where the erection of the erector positions, when unfolding and by unfolding, adjacent groups of 3D PV modules, each consisting of 2 adjacent modules, one below the other on the vertical 17;

- to which the groups with modules and, respectively, the modules are connected within the group 19 on the folding/unfolding strip, (fig. 11), successively, one under the other, such that when unfolding, the arrangement of the 2 PV modules of a PV group 3D, it is made under a 90 angle of 21 degrees, and the active part of the modules is directed to the sunny area;

- to which the modules are connected within each group on the support strips of the 23 sub-assembly with PV modules, by means of fixing elements, foldable, or by fixing on the folding/unfolding strip, so that, when unfolding, the intersection between each of the 2 PV modules, 25 adjacent, of each PV 3D group, are kept below the 90 degree angle (fig. 12);

- where the modules called lower are those that are spatially arranged in each 27 PV 3D group, in the lower part of the group and have the active surface inclined at 45 degrees to the axis of the erector; 29

- where the automation sub-system activates the rotation and tilt of the erector, in order to obtain the incidence at 90 degrees between the direction of the solar radiation and the active surface 31 of the lower PV modules, within each group of 2 PV 3D modules, based on the estimation of the position of the sun, through the evaluation based on the signals from the sub-system with sensors, 33 arranged spatially parallel to each lower PV module within the 3D PV groups, (b2) positions, upon unfolding and by unfolding the erector, successively and adjacently groups of 35 modules 3D PV, each consisting of 2 adjacent PV modules, arranged at 90 degrees to each other, and oriented with the active part towards the outside of the 90 degree angle, respectively 37 towards the concavity of this angle,

- to which the modules are connected within each group on the supporting bands of the 39 sub-assembly with PV modules, by means of mechanical fixing elements, foldable, or by fixing on the folding/unfolding band, so that, when unfolding, the intersection between each between the 2 41 PV modules, adjacent, of each 3D PV group, to be made under the angle of 90 degrees (fig. 12), 43

- and in which the automation sub-system acts to rotate and tilt the erector, in order to obtain the spatial coincidence between the direction of solar radiation and the bisector of each 45 group of 3D PV modules, by evaluating the position of the sun, based on the signals received from the sensor sub-system photovoltaics, arranged spatially perpendicular to the bisector of the 47 PV 3D group.

RO 133714 Β1 (4) The technical solution for making and lifting the erector based on parallel scissors in multiple X.

The erector is made:

(a) with a multiple X-parallel scissor lift system (fig. 13, fig. 14, fig. 15, fig. 16, fig. 17, fig. 18, fig. 19, fig. 20) , having the angle of 90 degrees between the segments of each X, where each parallel shear in multiple X consists of two or more shears in multiple X, interconnected in parallel, through horizontal axes, which allow the rotation of each of the 2 segments, which make up The respective X, (b) and in which the segments that form the parallel scissors in the multiple X implicitly generate (fig. 17), upon unfolding, surfaces that intersect at a predetermined angle, determined by:

- the height of the erector, resulting from unfolding;

- the dimensions of the X-scissor segments, (c) and at which the PV modules are located and fixed on the surfaces generated by the multiple X-parallel scissors, successively, one below the other, with the active side facing each other, and towards the 90 degree angle formed between the 2 modules of the 3D PV group, in the form of pairs, on 2 adjacent, perpendicular surfaces generated by the erector, (c) and to which, within the parallel shears in multiple X, the inclination of the modules perpendicular to each other of the PV groups 3D, takes on unfolding, intrinsically, implicitly, identically, respectively with the same value, the angles of inclination of the surfaces generated, on unfolding, by the erector, (g) and to which it is preset, by the unfolding and construction mode of the scissor in multiple X, the angle worth 90 degrees, between the 2 modules of a 3D PV array.

(5) The technical solution for tilting the erector

Regardless of how the erector is constructed and regardless of how the erector lift actuation is accomplished, with multiple X-parallel scissors or other types of sub-systems or lifting processes:

(a) changing the angle of inclination of the 2D PV modules, in view of the incidence at 90 degrees of the active PV surface with the direction of the solar elevation, is achieved by tilting the erector, by (b1) changing the angle of inclination of the 3D PV modules, for PV systems 3D, granted in order to obtain the incidence at 90 degrees of the active PV surface with the direction of the solar elevation, is achieved by tilting the erector, (b2) changing the angle of inclination of the 3D PV groups, in order to coincide the direction of the solar radiation with the bisector of the angle between the 2 PV modules, arranged at 90 degrees, of each 3D PV group, is achieved by tilting the erector, and, in the version, for parallel scissor type erectors in multiple X, for cases (b1) and (b2) by folding/compression, respectively, the unfolding/extension of the multiple X parallel scissor type erector, respectively, by changing the adjacent angle, initially preset at 90 degrees, between the 2 PV modules of each 3D PV group.

(6) The introduction of spatial restrictions of erector inclination in the process of capturing solar energy, the 3D space, within which the rotation of the raised sub-system, respectively of the erector, on vehicles or other objects is carried out is controlled, by command, by the automation sub-system, of the tilting of the erector, differently on each side and area of the vehicle, such that:

(a) on the spatial portions that are not restricted: the inclination of the erector is achieved, with the optimal angle necessary to maximize the level of captured energy,

RO 133714 Β1 (b) on the spatial portions that are restricted: the inclination of the erector is achieved, 1 with the optimal angle possible to maximize the level of captured energy, under the conditions of compliance with the restriction that the vertical projection of the complete erector, with PV modules and annexes, 3 to it is included in the acceptable dimensions, as a result of restriction, in the horizontal plane, of the vehicle, or in a prescribed limitation surface, as a result of restriction. 5

Technical solutions for protection against wind damage

The realization of the protection of the capture system, namely the erector and the components 7 fixed on it, to the action of the wind factor, is achieved by applying one or more of the following procedures: 9 (a) automatic command by the measurement and automation system, when the limit is exceeded imposed for the speed of the wind flow, of the automatic folding of the complete erector, 11 and in version of the retracting of the complete erector;

(b) the adaptive modification by the intrinsic, implicit augmentation, under the action of the value 13 of the wind intensity, (fig. 21), of the section, 27, opened by the wind flow and allocated to the passage of the air flow, respectively of the section of the slots intended for the transfer of the wind flow, and namely in a relationship of proportionality between the wind pressure and the augmentation of the transfer section of the wind flow and with the forcing, after the disappearance of the wind danger, of the elastic return of the PV modules, in the capture position;

(c) by introducing elastic elements in the erector support as well as in the 19 anchor cables of the erector to the erector support plate.

8. The procedure for the construction of the parallel scissor type erector in 21 X multiple, with 3D PV modules, respectively for the production of the capture system.

The construction of the erector, of the type consisting of parallel scissors in multiple X 23, with 3D PV modules, is carried out by:

- fixing the PV modules on segments of the planes that will be generated by the 25 parallel shears in multiple X, alternately, each PV module on one plane generated by the parallel shears in multiple X, and each next adjacent module, with the active part in the direction - 27 contrary, compared to the previous PV module, on the next plane, generated by the parallel scissors in multiple X, mounting made by installing one PV module on 2 segments each, 29 parallels of an X;

- joining the geometric plane segments equipped with PV modules, so as to form 3D PV groups, made up of 2 PV modules each, which in the folded state are, from the point of view of the active PV part, face to face, and in unfolded state, positioned at an angle 33 of 90 degrees;

- building the erector from 3D PV groups, made up of PV segments and modules; 35 - installation of annexes on the erector: solar radiation direction sensors, wind speed sensors, signaling lamps; 37

- installing the erector on the base plate, and electrical connection;

- installation of the base plate on the rotating turret, and electrical connection; 39

- full system testing.

II. Detailed presentation of the technical solutions that are the object of the invention: the systems. 41 (9) The system for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles 43 and other objectives, includes the following aspects and main elements:

- the system belongs to the respective vehicle or objective and is arranged, folded, in the inner or upper space 45 of the respective vehicle or objective, it can be unfolded, (fig. 22), on the surface of the respective vehicle or object and consists, at least, of: 47

RO 133714 Β1 (A) (a) the lifting sub-system, respectively the erector, which, during the capture, is raised, and respectively unfolded, automatically and/or manually, from the space of the vehicle or object, or from its upper part , from the upper outer part of land vehicles and from the outer part of water vehicles, respectively, and which erector supports the system's collecting and ancillary PV modules, such as PV modules, sun position detection sensors, wind speed sensors, sensors of position and performs, with the active surfaces of the PV modules, automatic tracking (tracking), by rotating the active PV surfaces, installed on the erector, according to the direction of the azimuth of the solar radiation, and by tilting these active PV surfaces, according to the direction of the elevation of the solar radiation, and in variant, only by rotating these active PV surfaces, according to the azimuth of the direction of the solar radiation, (b1) in the 2D type PV capture, (fig. 3):

- by arranging, by unfolding, successively, in the same plane, the PV modules or the PV blanket and their lifting by the erector 8, regardless of the erector lifting and unfolding procedure, the erector lifting system, the way of building the erector, and

- by the automatic actuation of obtaining the incidence at 90 degrees, in azimuth and elevation, or only in azimuth, of the direction of solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules, actuation based on the evaluation of signals from the sub-system for identifying the direction of solar radiation , sub-system arranged on the erector, spatially parallel with the PV modules, (b2) for 3D PV capture:

- for 3D type PV capture, respectively spatial, with 3D PV subsystems, raised and supported by the erector, regardless of the erector lifting procedure, regardless of the erector deployment procedure, regardless of the erector lifting system, regardless of the method of construction of the erector, as follows:

(b2.1) - realization of 3D PV sub-systems, (fig. 4), (fig. 5), (fig. 6), (fig. 7), (fig. 17), by unfolding multiple 3D PV groups, each made up of 2 plan segments, adjacent, arranged vertically one below the other, intended for possible occupation with PV modules, which plan segments are arranged as follows: the lower spatial plan segment, within the PV group 3D having 2 plane segments, at an angle of inclination equal to 45 degrees to the axis of the erector, and the second plane segment perpendicular to the first,

- and at which, on the position of the lower spatial plane segment, within each PV3D group, the PV module or modules intended for this plane segment are installed, geometrically identical, including in terms of angular orientation, to the respective plane segment, and, in the position upper plan segment, install:

- either a PV module (or modules) identical to the one installed in the lower position,

- or an element of reflective material,

- or the position is left free of air flow,

- and where all the PV modules of the groups are installed with the active part towards the exterior of the 90 degree angle between each of the 2 positions, respectively towards the concavity of the 90 angle,

- and in which the automatic actuation achieves the 90-degree incidence, in azimuth and elevation, or only in azimuth, of the direction of the solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules at the bottom of each 3D PV array, and is performed based on the evaluation of the signals from sub-systems for identifying the direction of solar radiation, arranged on the erector, spatially parallel with the PV modules in the lower positions,

RO 133714 Β1 (b2) or 1

- the creation, by unfolding, (fig. 8), of 3D PV sub-systems made up of parallel 3D PV groups, each made up of adjacent PV modules, arranged one below the other vertically and 3 at an angle of 90 degrees between them, with the bisector between the 2 modules, of each PV 3D group, perpendicular to the axis of the erector, and with the active PV side facing the outside 5 of each 90 degree angle, respectively in the concavity of this angle,

- and in which the automatic actuation of the rotation and tilt of the erector performs the obtaining 7 of the spatial coincidence between the direction of the solar radiation and the direction of the bisector of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules of each group of 3D PV modules, based on the evaluation 9 of the signals from the identification sub-system of the direction of the solar radiation, placed on the erector, perpendicular to the bisector of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules of 11 of each group of 3D PV modules, (c) and where each erector system, together with the PV modules it supports, is, in 13 version, foldable/de-foldable:

(c1) automatic, 15 (c2) and, separately, manually, (c3 ) and as a result of the evaluation by the monitoring/automation sub-system of 17 signals from wind flow intensity sensors;

(B) An electromechanical folding/unfolding subsystem made with multiple 19 X parallel scissors or other lifting systems;

(C) The erector location/support subsystem consisting of a base plate, 21 on which the erector and its appendages are located, from which the erector rises, and which:

(c1) if the system does not act and the tilt of the erector, the mounting is carried out in a rigid, pre-set 23 way, and with an erector tilt equal to the sum of the angle of geographical latitude in the area of use and the maximum deviation of the elevation of the sun, 25 (c2) if the system actuates the tilt of the erector, it automatically tilts the base plate, and implicitly, thereby the erector, with respect to the plane of the turret, 27 (c3) and to which the base plate is anchored to the turret:

- by a hinge-type system or by a swing-axis type system, together 29 with one or more erector tilt actuation systems, by tilting the base plate, as well as, in the version, by sensing the tilted position of the erector, 31 (D) The rotating sub-system of the erector consisting of a turret that rotates the base plate (C), and implicitly the erector arranged on it, and the ancillary elements of the turret, such as 33 the sub-systems for actuating the rotation and for sensing the position of the turret, during its rotation, 35 (E) in the variant, an enclosure in which the erector folds and, in the version, retracts, as in claim 2.37 (F) A sub-system of measurement with sensors:

(f1) of the instantaneous position of the sun,39 (f2) of the speed of the wind flow, (f3) of the energy demand by the electric accumulators of the vehicle,41 (f4) of proximity, of position;

(G) A sub-system of automation and actuation of elements that perform 43 command and actuation of movements: rotation and tilt, or only rotation, during capture, folding, retracting, protections, satisfaction of restrictions, communication. 45 (10) System for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to claim 9, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that:

RO 133714 Β1 (a) the PV modules lifted by the erector or erectors, regardless of the erector's lifting procedure or system, are placed on folding/unfolding elements, such as material strips! folding, in which, when unfolded, (fig. 11), (fig. 12) the PV sub-assemblies are raised, (b) and in which the tracking of the direction of rotation, from point (a), is carried out as follows:

(b1) for 2D type PV capture, i.e. with PV elements arranged in the plane: by automatically tracking the 90-degree incidence of the direction of solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules, (b2.1) for 3D type PV capture, respectively space, in which each 3D type PV group, of the PV sub-assembly, consists of 2 PV modules, arranged adjacently, one below the other vertically, and at an angle of 90 degrees between them, and in which an element , the lower one (fig. 12), (b), (20), within each PV group, is made up of one or more PV modules, with the active part towards the direction of the 90 degree angle, i.e. starting from the concave part of the 90-degree angle, by automatically tracking the 90-degree incidence of the solar radiation direction with the active surface of the PV modules, or (b2.2) each 3D PV collector sub-assembly consists of 3D PV arrays formed by 2 PV elements arranged adjacently, one below the other vertically, and at a 90-degree angle between them, and where the active PV part of each PV module is placed inside the 90-degree angle, by automatically tracking the achievement of spatial coincidence between the direction of solar radiation and the bisector of the angle formed by the two elements,

- and in which the control subsystem acts to obtain the spatial coincidence of direction, between the direction of the solar radiation and the direction of the bisector of the angle between each 2 PV modules arranged perpendicularly, between each other, of each 3D PV group,

- and in which, for (b1), (b2.1), (b2.2) the actuation elements for obtaining the optimal capture position, are cyclically commanded, at predetermined time periods, until the fleeting moments of reaching equilibrium (equality ) between the levels of the signals from the sun's position sensors: right rotation direction sensor and left rotation direction sensor for azimuth control and tilt sensor and elevation sensor for elevation control.

(11) Detailing the technical solution of the parallel scissor erector in multiple X:

(a) Erector (fig. 13, fig. 14, fig. 15, fig. 16, fig. 17, fig. 18, fig. 19, fig. 20, fig. 23, fig. 60), in detail (fig. . 24) 30, (fig. 25), is made with a multiple X parallel scissor lifting system, controlled by the actuator 33 (fig. 24), (fig. 27), and is rigidly anchored, with allowing unfolding, folding, on the base plate 29, mounted by hinge-type elements 32, which allow mobility between the base plate and the rotating turret 10, on the turret 10.

Actuator 34 determines the inclination of the erector with respect to the turret. The rotation of the erector is carried out by the turret 10.

(b) Segments that form parallel scissors in multiple X implicitly generate, upon unfolding, surfaces that intersect at a predetermined angle, determined by:

- the height of the erector, resulting as a result of unfolding,

- the dimensions of the scissor segments in X.

(c) On the surfaces generated by the parallel shears in multiple X, 3D PV groups are placed, each formed by 2 PV elements, arranged vertically one below the other. The lower element of each PV3D group and the upper one, (fig. 23), take, upon unfolding, intrinsically, implicitly, identically, the angles of inclination of the surfaces generated by the erector, respectively by the parallel scissors in multiple X. The angle between the generated surfaces, at which the parallel scissors unfold in multiple X, is constructively imposed by 90 degrees.

(d) PV modules are installed on the lower spatial elements of each 3D PV group, consisting of 2 PV elements. On the spatially superior elements of each PV 3D group, install:

RO 133714 Β1

- PV elements, 1

- or reflective material elements, - or unoccupied spaces.3 (e) The PV modules are placed and fixed, with the active part inside the concavity of the 90 degree angle,5 (e) Folding/unfolding of the erector is done by compacting /extension of the parallel scissors in multiple X,7 (f) Following the direction of the solenation, it is done:

(f1) by automatically obtaining the incidence at 90 degrees of the direction of solar radiation with 9 the active surface of the lower PV modules of each 3D PV group, or11 (f2) by automatically obtaining the coincidence of the spatial direction of the bisector of the 3D PV group, respectively between the 2 PV elements of each 3D PV group, with the direction of solar radiation, 13 in which case, in the 3D PV group, both elements, upper spatial and lower spatial, are completed with PV modules, arranged at 90 degrees, and with the active surfaces directional -nate to 15 the interior of the concavity of the 90 degree angle, (g) The actuation elements for obtaining the optimal capture position, are 17 cyclically commanded, at predetermined time periods, until the moment of reaching equilibrium within each pair of sensors of sun position: sensor pair for azimuth control 19: rotation sensor + and rotation sensor -, sensor pair for elevation control: tilt sensor + and tilt sensor 21 (12) erector tilt (a) Changing the tilt angle of 2D PV modules : 2. 3

- in view of the incidence at 90 degrees with the direction of the solar elevation, including when using the parallel scissor type erector in multiple X, it is achieved by tilting the erector, 25 respectively of the base plate supporting the erector, in relation to the surface of the turret, (b) Changing the tilt angle of the 2D PV modules, by: 27 (b 1) changing the tilt angle of the 3D PV arrays, including when using the multiple X parallel scissor erector, in order to achieve 90 degree incidence of 29 of the solar radiation with the surface of the lower PV modules, or (b2) changing the angle of inclination of the 3D PV groups, including the use of the 31 parallel scissor type erector in multiple X, in order to obtain the coincidence of the spatial direction of the solar radiation with the bisector of the angle between the 2 modules of the PV3D group, 33 - is achieved by tilting the erector, by commanding and actuating the automatic tilting of the base plate supporting the erector, in relation to the horizontal surface of the 35 turret, and

- in the version, in the second case, of tilting mode for 3D scissor-type PV systems parallel in multiple X, the adjustment of the tilting angle of the PV modules is carried out by folding/compressing, respectively unfolding/extending actions of the erector. 39 (13) Interpretation and application of spatial restrictions

The interpretation and application of the spatial restrictions is necessary because it allows 41 the prohibition of some areas, in which the deployment of the capture system on the vehicle is not allowed, by limiting the inclination of the erector in those areas. For example, when parking vehicle 43, the area facing traffic is prohibited, and the opposite area can be restricted or unrestricted, depending on the situation on the ground. The restrictions can be reduced in the case of unfolding in your own yard or garden. The 3D space, within which the rotation and tilting of the erector raised on vehicles or other objects, respectively the erector completed with PV modules and annexes, is 47 controlled, by sensing these areas and commanding, by the automation sub-system, the tilting of the erector, differently for each area or part of the vehicle, such as: 49

RO 133714 Β1 (a) on the spatial portions that are not restricted: the tilting of the erector is carried out with the optimal angle required, at the time, to maximize the level of captured energy, (b) on the spatial portions that are restricted: the tilting of the erector is carried out in those restricted areas, with the optimum angle required to maximize the level of captured energy, reduced, if it exceeds the limits of the spatial restrictions, to correspond and fit within the boundaries of the spatial limits. The space limits are preset by the driver of the vehicle, when parking, before unfolding, and are entered, digitally, through the means of communication with the automation system, and by using the templates of allowed spaces, present in the system's computer memory.

Protection of the system against wind aggression.

The realization of the protection of the capture system, respectively of the erector, the components and annexes fixed on it, to the action of the wind factor, is accomplished by:

(a) automatic command by the measurement and automation system, upon exceeding the imposed wind speed/pressure limit, of automatic folding and, in version, automatic retracting, of the complete erector, (b) adaptive, intrinsic, default modification, (fig. 28), under the action of the wind pressure, of the dimensions of the sections of the slots for the passage of the wind flow, modification achieved by allowing the rotation of some PV modules, or some PV sub-modules, 8, around one axis, based on the connection their by hinges 58, by the support of the modules 57, namely, in the sense of automatically opening and augmenting new sections/paths for the e-oil flow and with the return of the modules or sub-modules to the capture position, elastically, forced, by the action of the springs 59, after the disappearance of the pressure level of the wind flow, (c) the placement of elastic elements, (fig. 25) (36), in the erector support, by introducing an additional base plate, (fig. 25) (35) , namely between the base plate and the turret, and the elastic anchor, (fig. 25) 36, of this intermediate plate to the first base plate, and the mobile connection, through the hinge and actuator, of the turret, (d) the connection of the erector to its base plate, when unfolded, by cables provided with elastic elements (fig . 25) 37.

(15) Technical solutions to ensure the stability and constructive robustness of the erector The erector is anchored (fig. 25) to the base plate 29, which supports it:

- through joints of the lower segments of the parallel scissors in multiple X, and/or elements with movement in mechanical guides (fig. 26), 38 belonging to the lower segments of the erector sides,

- through cables connecting the erector to the base plate (fig. 25),

- through cables connecting the erector to the base plate, (fig. 25), cables including elastic elements 37,

- through the components of the unfolding actuation devices,

- and the base plate 29, is connected to the intermediate base plate, when it is integrated, through elastic elements 36, springs and elements of elastic materials,

- and the base plate or intermediate base plate is connected to the turret by hinge or axial mechanical systems, and by the elements of the erector tilt actuator.

(16) The eccentric installation of the erector in order to obtain a capture surface as large as possible, in the area above the vehicle, and the reduction of extensions over this area, intensive exploitation of the space on the vehicle is necessary.

RO 133714 Β1

The erector, respectively the parallel scissors in multiple X that supports and creates the erector, 1 is positioned eccentrically, i.e. displaced towards the direction of capture, at the maximum admissible distance from the center of the circle of the base plate that supports the erector. 3 (17) Taking electricity from the collection system and exchanging energy with the public grid 5

The capture and utilization of electrical energy is carried out in the following way:

- each 2D PV erector discharges the energy, separately, (fig. 27) to its own MPP (Maximum Power Poinf) system 7, which, in turn, discharges the energy of its own voltage equalization system, which, in turn, discharges the energy on the common bar of 9 energy collection in d.c., 57,

- each 3D PV erector and each chain of PV modules with the same spatial geometric orientation 11, discharges the energy, in the following way (fig. 27): separately, by each chain of PV modules, with the same spatial orientation, to its own MPP system to that chain of PV modules, 13 and to which the MPP system, specific to the respective PV chain, discharges the energy of a voltage equalization system with the voltage to be discharged, and to which, each voltage equalizer discharges 15 the energy to the common DC energy collection bar,

- other PV modules or PV capture assemblies placed without looking for the solar direction, on the same vehicle or object, are, for each geometric area of insolation of the car, respectively for each same direction of light reception, connected, 19 separately, to an own MPP device, followed by an own voltage equalization device, and downstream, to the common DC busbar. of the vehicle, 21

- and in which, both for 2D PV and 3D PV, as well as for other sub-assemblies with PV modules, on the respective vehicle or object, each PV module is provided with 23 energy transfer diodes over the respective PV element, for case that PV module is shaded. 25 (18) The functions of the common bus in d.c. The practical exchange of energy with the outside. The common DC energy collection bar of the vehicle from PV systems is connected, (fig. 27),27 to:

- the battery charging sub-system 53;29

- a connector 51, which allows the delivery of DC electricity to users located outside the respective vehicle;31

- MPP devices 41, 43 and voltage equalizers 42, 44, for receiving on the common DC energy collection bar, the energy captured from 2 (for example) chains of 33 PV modules;

- MPP devices 45, 47 and voltage equalizers 46, 48, for receiving on the common DC energy collection bar35, the energy captured by other PV modules, fixedly mounted (without solar trackers) on the same vehicle or object;37

- a DC/AC inverter 51, connected to the protections and connector 52, which allows the delivery of electrical energy in AC, to users located outside the respective vehicle;39

- a connector, 49, which allows receiving electrical energy from the outside to the vehicle in ca., and 41

- its conversion, with an AC/DC inverter. 50, and directing this energy to the busbar sub-system in d.c.,43

- transmission of the energy received from the public network, directly to the vehicle battery charging device.45 (19) Automation and monitoring system

It is provided with a sub-system for automation, monitoring, measurement and action of the 47 elements that are moved during capture as well as folding/unfolding, and in the variant of retracting - un-retracting the erectors, sub-system which: 49

RO 133714 Β1 (a) based on the sensors for identifying the position of the sun, in azimuth and elevation, elaborates and acts the commands to rotate the turret, respectively the erector, to tilt the erector, respectively to tilt the base plate, which supports the erector, in relation to the turret, (b) on the basis of sensors or systems for measuring the position of rotation and inclination, and control algorithms, achieves the framing of the erector in the imposed spatial restrictions, namely with the provision of the optimal energy inclination angle of the erector in the situation of compliance of these restrictions, (c) on the basis of proximity sensors, sensors or systems measuring the position of rotation and tilt, and control algorithms, eliminate the impact between the erectors when using several erectors on the same vehicle, and perform the procedure of positioning the erectors , in order to obtain an energetic arrangement favorable to the maximized harvesting and the reduction of shading between the erectors (back tracking), and in which, the actuation elements to obtain the optimal capture position, are ordered cyclically, at predetermined time periods, until the passing moments of the touch of the balance (equality) between the levels of the signals from the sun's position sensors: right rotation direction sensor and left rotation direction sensor for azimuth control and tilt sensor and elevation sensor for elevation control.

(20) Multiple integration of sensors on the same vehicle

On a land vehicle, respectively on water, (fig. 29) (a), (b) multiple solar energy capture systems are installed:

- based on their arrangement within the existing dimensions of the vehicle, respectively of the vehicle roof, respectively of the storage area, in folded state, of the capture systems, and/or

- by augmenting the folding enclosure and possibly retracting the capture systems, including by:

- extending the length and width of the folding and retracting enclosure, (fig. 29) (c), within the limits allowed by the surface of the vehicle roof, so that a large number of erector sub-systems 2, provided with PV 8 modules or with 3D PV arrays, and/or

- by changing the architecture of the vehicle, by increasing the dimensions of the portions in front of the cabin and/or rear of the vehicle, to accept more capture systems, (fig. 29)).

RO 133714 Β1

Claims 1

1. Procedure for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, in order to use it for land vehicles, water vehicles and for other applications, mobile or stationary, characterized by the fact that: 5 (a) solar energy is received PV/ photovoltaic and processed, by raising, for carrying out the capture process, on the upper outer part of land vehicles, on 7 systems for extending the length of the car travel (range extenders), on the outer part of water vehicles, respectively on the outer part of other objects , of erector sub-systems 9 (2), which support the capturing PV modules and perform, by automatically moving the capturing PV modules, respectively the active surfaces of the capturing PV modules, the automatic tracking 11 (tracking) of the solar azimuth, by rotating after the axis, (4), of these active PV surfaces, and of the solar elevation, by tilting these active PV surfaces, according to the direction of the solar elevation, 13 and in the variant only by rotating according to the azimuth of the direction of the solar radiation, and to which the tracking of the direction of solarization, respectively of the direction of the solar radiation, is made as follows: 15 for 2D type PV capture:

- by arranging, by unfolding, successively, in the same plane, the PV modules or 17 of the PV blanket and their lifting by the erector, (8), regardless of the erector's lifting and unfolding procedure, the lifting system of of the erector, of the construction method of the 19 erector, and

- by the automatic actuation of obtaining the incidence at 90 degrees, in azimuth and elevation, 21 or only in azimuth, of the direction of the solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules, actuation based on the evaluation of the signals from the radiation direction identification sub-system 23 solar, sub-system arranged on the erector, namely as follows: when capturing PV3D: 25 (b1)

- the creation of 3D PV sub-systems, by unfolding multiple groups of 27 plane segments, each made up of 2 plane segments, adjacent, arranged successively, one below the other vertically, at an angle of 90° between them , within the group, and where each plane segment 29 is occupied by a PV module or PV modules, or with other elements, which plane segments are arranged as follows: the lower spatial plane segment, within the PV 3D group 31, which has 2 plane segments, at an angle of inclination of 45 degrees to the axis of the erector, 33

- and at which, on the position of the lower spatial plane segment, within each PV 3D group, the PV module or modules from the lower position, intended for this plane segment, are installed, geometrically identical, including angular orientation, with the respective plane segment 35 , and, in the position of the upper plane segment, install: 37

- either a PV module (or PV modules) identical to the one installed in the lower position,

- or an element of reflective material, 39

- or the position is left free of air flow,

- and in which all the PV modules of the 3D PV groups, are installed with the active part 41 towards the inside of the 90 degree angle between each of the 2 positions,

- and in which the automatic actuation achieves the incidence at 90 degrees, in 43 azimuth and elevation, or only in azimuth, of the direction of the solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules at the bottom of each 3D PV group and is made based on the evaluation 45 signals from sub-systems for identifying the direction of solar radiation, arranged on the erector, in spatial parallel with the PV modules in the lower positions, or 47

Claims (21)

RO 133714 Β1 (b2) - the creation, by unfolding, of sub-systems formed by groups of plan segments arranged, successively, one below the other vertically, at an angle of 90 degrees between them within the group and with the bisector between the 2 groups of plan segments , of each group of plane segments, arranged perpendicular to the axis of the erector, and on which plane segments, on each, a PV module or PV modules with the active PV part towards the inside of the 90 degree angle are installed and 3D PV groups are formed , - and in which the automatic actuation of the rotation and tilt of the erector is performed automatically, until the spatial coincidence between the direction of the solar radiation and the direction of the bisector of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules of each group of 3D PV modules is obtained, namely based on the evaluation signals from the solar radiation direction identification sub-system, arranged on the erector, spatially perpendicular to the bisector of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules of each group of 3D PV modules. 2. Process, according to Claim 1, for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, in order to use it for land vehicles, water vehicles and for other applications, mobile or stationary, characterized in that: - the erector sub-system, together with the PV modules that support them, is, in the foldable/unfoldable version: (c1) automatically, (c2) and, separately, manually, (c3) and as a result of the evaluation by the monitoring/automation subsystem of the signals from wind flow intensity sensors, and - the erector, is automatically folded and/or manually separated, and, in the variant, automatically retracted and/or manually separated, in: (I) an enclosure arranged on the roof of the vehicle, or (II) in the roof of the vehicle, or (III) on the roof of the vehicle, or (IV) in movable parts, of the roof of the vehicle, and which parts, in the variant, are covered to the outside with elements /PV modules, or (V) in a suitcase, suitcase, crate, box, by itself separate from the vehicle, without being used, or being used for the vehicle, in relation to the vehicle, or placed on the vehicle, (VI) and , in the variant, the erector raises the entire roof, with PV modules, (8), of the vehicle, or portions of the vehicle roof, which it orients according to the azimuth and, in the version, tilts them according to the elevation of the solar radiation, and to which the portion of the roof that remains unraised (16), and is illuminated, is covered with modules, and in which, after folding, the PV modules, from the roof remaining visible to solar radiation, are kept active, (VII) in mixed configurations of the configurations (I) to ( VI). 3. Process, according to claim 1, for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, in order to use it for land vehicles, water vehicles and for other applications, mobile or stationary, characterized in that: - the PV modules lifted by the erector or erectors, regardless of the process or the lifting system of the erector or erectors, are constructively placed on folding/unfolding elements, such as strips of foldable material (18), or elements and materials that can be folded in the form harmonica, or elements that can be folded on rollers/drums, where: (a) for 2D PV systems: - raising the erector positions, when unfolding and through unfolding, successively and adjacently, PV modules in 2D mode, under the angle of 1800 between 2 adjacent modules, or PV blankets and RO 133714 Β1 - in which the automation sub-system acts the rotation and tilt movements, 1 in order to obtain the incidence at 90 degrees between the direction of the solar radiation and the active surface of the PV modules, based on the evaluation of the signals from the sub-system with sensors, spatially arranged 3 parallel to the plane of the active faces of the PV modules, (b) for 3D PV systems: (b1) 5 - where the erection of the erector positions, when unfolding and through unfolding, adjacent groups of 3D PV modules, each consisting of 2 adjacent modules, 7 - to which the groups with modules and, respectively, the modules are connected within the group on the folding/unfolding strip, successively, one below the other vertically, so that when unfolding, 9 the arrangement of the 2 PV modules of a 3D PV group, is achieved under an angle of 90 degrees, and the active part of the modules is directed to the inside of the 90 degree angle of 11 degrees, - and to which the modules are connected, within each group, to the supporting strips 13 of the sub-assembly with PV modules, by folding fixing elements, or by fixing on the folding/unfolding strip, so that, when unfolding, the intersection between each of the 2 15 PV modules, adjacent, of each PV 3D group, is kept below the 90 degree angle, - and in which the lower modules, within each PV 3D group, are spatially arranged, 17 in the lower part of the group and possess the active surface inclined at 45 degrees, with respect to the axis of the erector, 19 - and in which the automation sub-system activates the rotation and tilt of the erector, in order to obtain the incidence at 90 degrees between the direction of the solar radiation and the active surface 21 of the lower PV modules, within each group of 2 PV 3D modules, on the basis of the estimation of the position of the sun, by the evaluation carried out on the basis of the signals from the sub-system with sensors 23 for identifying the position of the sun, arranged spatially parallel to each lower PV module within the 3D PV groups, or 25 (b2) positions, upon unfolding and by deploying the erector, successive and adjacent, groups of 3D PV modules, each consisting of 2 adjacent PV modules, arranged at 90 degrees 27 to each other, with the active PV part towards the inside of the 90 degree angle, and with the bisector of the angle between the 2 PV modules of each 3D PV group, perpendicular to the axis 29 of the erector, - and to which the modules are connected within each group on the supporting strips 31 of the sub-assembly with PV modules, by means of mechanical fasteners, foldable, or by fixing on the folding/unfolding strip, so that, when unfolding, the intersection between each of the 2 33 adjacent PV modules of each 3D PV group, to be made under the angle of 90 degrees, - and in which the automation sub-system operates the rotation and tilt of the erector, 35 in order to obtain the spatial coincidence between the direction of solar radiation and the bisector of each group of 3D PV modules, by evaluating the position of the sun, based on the signals received from 37 the sub-system with photovoltaic sensors, spatially arranged perpendicular to the bisector of the 3D PV group. 39 4. Process, according to claim 1, for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, in order to use it for land vehicles, water vehicles and for other 41 applications, mobile or stationary, characterized in that: (a) the erector is made with a multiple X parallel scissor lifting system 43, where each multiple X parallel scissor consists of two or more multiple X scissor, interconnected in parallel, through horizontal axes, which allow rotation of each 45 of the 2 segments, which make up the respective X, and where each scissor in the multiple X generates segments of flat surfaces, 47 RO 133714 Β1 (b) and in which the plane segments, belonging to the parallel shears in multiple X implicitly generate, upon unfolding, surfaces that intersect at a predetermined angle, determined by: - the height of the erector, resulting as a result of unfolding, - the dimensions of the scissor segments in X, (c) and where on the flat surface segments generated by the scissor in multiple X, PV modules are placed, in the form of pairs, forming 3D PV groups, with each PV module, within the 2 PV modules of each 3D PV group, each occupying a surface segment, adjacent to the surface segment occupied by the other PV module, of that 3D PV group, (d) and to which, within the parallel shears in multiple X, the inclination of the placed PV modules on the planar surface segments of the multiple X-parallel scissors, takes, upon deployment, intrinsically, implicitly, identically, respectively with the same value, the angles of inclination of the surfaces generated, upon deployment, by the erector scissors, with the installation of the modules PV, (e) and to which, the 2 modules, of each 3D PV, are placed and fixed, adjacent, successively, one below the other vertically, and, the opening angle of the parallel shears in multiple angle is prescribed, respectively it is imposed the angle between the PV modules of the 3D PV group at the value of 90 degrees, (f) and at which the active PV part is arranged towards the inside of the 90 degree angle, (g) and at which the lower PV module, of each 3D PV group, is installed at an angle of 45 degrees to the axis of the erector and the bisector of the angle between the 2 PV 3D modules, is installed perpendicular to the axis of the erector, (e) and at which the maximization of the energy harvest is achieved as follows: (e1) for the systems driven based on the spatial parallelism between the lower PV module and the solar radiation direction identification sub-system, the automation sub-system acts to rotate and tilt the erector, until the incidence of 90 degrees is obtained between the solar radiation direction and the active surface of the lower PV modules, (e2) for systems driven based on the installation of the surface of the solar radiation direction identification sub-system spatially perpendicular to the bisector between the 2 PV modules, of each 3D PV group, the automation sub-system acts the rotation and tilting the erector, until obtaining the spatial coincidence between the direction of the solar radiation and the direction of the bisector, with a unique direction for all 3D PV groups, between each 2 modules of each 3D PV group. 5. Process, according to claim 1, for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, in order to use it for land vehicles, water vehicles and for other applications, mobile or stationary, characterized in that regardless of the method of realization of the erector and regardless of the way of performing the actuation of the erector lift made with parallel scissors in multiple X or with other types of sub-systems or lifting procedures: (a) changing the angle of inclination of the 2D PV modules, in view of the incidence at 90 degrees of the active PV surface with the direction of the solar elevation, is achieved by tilting the erector, by (b1) changing the angle of inclination of the 3D PV modules, for PV systems 3D, granted in order to obtain the incidence at 90 degrees of the lower active PV surface, within each 3D PV group, with the direction of the solar elevation, is achieved by tilting the erector, RO 133714 Β1 (b2) changing the tilt angle of the 3D PV groups, in order to coincide 1 the direction of the solar radiation with the bisector of the angle between the 2 PV modules, arranged at 90 degrees, of each 3D PV group, is achieved by tilting the erector, and , in the version with 3 parallel scissor type erectors in multiple X, for cases (b1) and (b2), the modification of the angle, initially preset at 90 degrees, between the 2 modules of each 3D PV group, is carried out by folding/compression, respectively unfolding/extending, of the multiple X parallel scissor erector. 7 6. Process, according to claim 1, for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, in order to use it for land vehicles, water vehicles and for 9 other applications, mobile or stationary, characterized in that in the capture process of solar energy, the 3D space, within which the rotation of the raised sub-system, respectively of the 11 erector, on vehicles or other objects is carried out is controlled, by commanding, by the automation sub-system, the inclination of the erector, in the manner differently, on each side and area 13 of the vehicle, such that: (a) on the spatial portions that are not restricted: the tilt of the erector is achieved, 15 with the optimal angle necessary to maximize the level of captured energy, (b) on the spatial portions that are restricted: the tilt of the erector is achieved, 17 with the optimal angle possible to maximize the level of captured energy, and respecting the conditions that the vertical projection of the complete erector, with the PV modules and annexes, is included in the acceptable horizontal dimensions of the vehicle or in a prescribed horizontal limiting surface. 21 7. Process, according to claim 1, for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, in order to use it for land vehicles, water vehicles and for other 23 applications, mobile or stationary, characterized in that the protection of the system capture, respectively of the erector and the components fixed on it, under the action of the wind factor 25, is carried out by applying one or more of the following procedures: (a) the automatic command by the measurement and automation system, on 27 exceeding the limit imposed for the speed of the wind flow, the automatic folding of the complete erector, and in version the retracting of the complete erector, 29 (b) the automatic, default change under the action of the value of the wind intensity, through the intrinsic augmentation, of the section, (27), opened by the wind flow and allocated to the transfer 31 of the air flow, respectively of the section of the slits intended for the transfer of the wind flow, namely in a proportional relationship between the wind pressure and the augmentation of the section of transfer 33 of the wind flow, as well as forcing, after the disappearance of the wind hazard, the elastic return of the PV modules, in the capture position, by introducing elastic elements in the support 35 of the erector as well as in the anchoring cables of the erector of the support plate of the erector. 37 8. Process, according to claim 1, for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, in order to use it for land vehicles, water vehicles and for other 39 applications, mobile or stationary, characterized in that the construction of the erector, of the multiple X-parallel scissor type with 3D PV modules is performed as follows: - fixing the PV modules on segments of the planes that will be generated by the parallel scissors 43 in multiple X, alternately, each PV module on one plane generated by the parallel scissors in multiple X, and each next adjacent module, with the active part in 45 opposite direction, compared to the previous PV module, on the next plane, generated by the parallel scissors in multiple X, mounting made by installing one PV module each on 2 47 parallel segments of an X, RO 133714 Β1 - the joining of geometric plane segments equipped with PV modules, so as to form 3D PV groups, made up of 2 PV modules each, which in the folded state are, from the point of view of the active PV part, face to face, and in the state unfolded, positioned at an angle of 90 degrees, - building the erector from 3D PV groups, made up of PV segments and modules, - installing the erector on the base plate, and the electrical connection, - installation of the base plate on the rotating turret, and electrical connection, - full system testing. 9. System for the capture of solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized by the fact that the system belongs to the respective vehicle or objective and is arranged, folded, in the interior or upper space of the respective vehicle or objective, or on the vehicle or objective, or in boxes, suitcases, suitcases, it can be unfolded, on top of the respective vehicle or object and consists, at least, of: (A) (a) the lifting sub-system, respectively the erector, which, during capture, is raised, and respectively unfolded, automatically or manually, from the space of the vehicle or object, or from its upper part, from the outside upper of land vehicles, respectively on the outside of water vehicles, - and which erector supports the system's capture and ancillary PV modules, such as sun position detection sensors, - and which erector achieves, with the active surfaces of the PV modules, automatic tracking (tracking), by rotating the active PV surfaces, installed on the erector, according to the direction of the azimuth of the solar radiation, and by tilting these active PV surfaces, according to the direction of the elevation of the solar radiation, and in the variant, only by rotating these active PV surfaces, according to the azimuth of the solar radiation direction, in which case the erector unfolds with a pre-set tilt angle of about 23.5 degrees; (b1) for 2D type PV capture: - by arranging, by unfolding, successively, in the same plane, the PV modules or the PV blanket and their lifting by the erector, (8), regardless of the erector lifting and unfolding procedure, the erector lifting system , of the construction method of the erector, and - by the automatic actuation of obtaining the incidence at 90 degrees, in azimuth and elevation, or only in azimuth, of the direction of the solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules, actuation based on the evaluation of the signals from the sub-system for identifying the direction of the solar radiation , sub-system arranged on the erector, in spatial parallel with the PV modules, (b2) with 3D PV subsystems, raised and supported by the erector, regardless of the erection procedure of the erector, regardless of the erection procedure of deployment, regardless of the erection system lifting of the erector, regardless of the construction method of the erector, as follows: (b2.1) - the realization of 3D PV sub-systems, by unfolding multiple 3D PV groups, each made up of 2 adjacent plane segments, arranged vertically one below the other, and perpendicular, which are occupied with PV modules, which plane segments are arranged as follows: the lower spatial plane segment, within the 3D PV group, at 45 degrees to the axis of the erector, and the second plane segment, perpendicular to the first, - and at which, on the position of the lower spatial plane segment, within each PV 3D group, the PV module or modules intended for this plane segment are installed, geometrically identical, including as an angular orientation with the respective lower plane segment, and, in position of the upper plane segment, install: RO 133714 Β1 - either a PV module (or modules) identical to the one installed in the lower position, 1 - or a reflective element, - or the position is left free of air flow,3 - and where all the PV modules of the groups are installed with the active part towards the inside of the 90 degree angle formed by 2 PV modules each,5 - and in which the automatic operation performs the acquisition of incidence at 90 degrees, in azimuth and elevation, or only in azimuth, of the direction of solar radiation with the active surface of the lower PV modules 7 of each PV 3D group, based on the evaluation of the signals from the sub- the solar radiation direction identification system, arranged on the erector, in spatial parallel with each of the 9 lower PV modules, (b2) or 11 - the realization, by unfolding, of 3D PV sub-systems made up of 3D PV groups formed, each of 2 adjacent, parallel PV modules, arranged one below the other vertically, under 13 an angle of 90 degrees between them, and with the side Active PV directed to the inside of the 90 degree angle, between the 2 modules of the 3D PV group, and with the bisector between the 2 15 modules, of each 3D PV group, arranged perpendicular to the erector axis, - and in which the automatic actuation of the rotation and tilt of the erector performs the obtaining of the 17 spatial coincidence between the direction of the solar radiation and the direction of the bisector of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules, of each group of 3D PV modules, based on the evaluation of the signals from the sub- 19 the system for identifying the direction of solar radiation, arranged on the erector, perpendicularly to the bisector of the angle between the active faces of the PV modules of one of the 21 groups of 3D PV modules, (c) and where each erector system, together with the PV modules that supports, is, in 23 version, foldable/de-foldable: (c1) automatically, 25 (c2) and, separately, manually, (c3 ) and as a result of the evaluation by the monitoring/automation sub-system of the 27 signals from wind flow intensity sensors; (B) an electromechanical folding/unfolding subsystem made with multiple X 29 parallel scissors or other lifting systems; (C) The erector location/support subsystem consisting of a base plate, 31 on which the erector and its appendages are located, from which the erector rises, and which: (c1) if the system does not act and the tilt of the erector, the mounting is carried out in 33 a rigid, preset way, and with an inclination of the erector equal to the sum of the angle of the geographical latitude in the area of use and the maximum deviation of the elevation of the sun, 35 (c2) if the system activates the tilt of the erector, it automatically tilts the base plate, and implicitly, thereby the erector, with respect to the plane of the turret, 37 (c3) and to which the base plate is anchored to the turret: - through a hinge-type system or through a swing-axis type system, together with 39 cu - one or more systems for actuating the tilt of the erector, by tilting the base plate 41, as well as, in the version, for sensing the tilted position of the erector, (D) the rotating sub-system of the erector consisting of a turret that rotates the 43 base plate (C), and implicitly the erector placed on it, and the ancillary elements of the turret, such as the sub-systems for actuating the rotation and sensing the position of the turret, during its rotation 45, (E) in the variant, an enclosure in that the erector folds and, in version, retracts, 47 as in claim 2, RO 133714 Β1 (F) a measurement sub-system with sensors: (f1) of the instantaneous position of the sun, (f2) of the speed of the wind flow, (f3) of the energy demand by the electric accumulators of the vehicle, (f4) of proximity; (G) a sub-system of automation and actuation of the elements that perform the command and actuation of movements: rotation and tilt, or only rotation, during capture, folding, retracting, protections, satisfaction of restrictions, communication. 10. System for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to claim 9, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that: (a) the PV modules lifted by the erector or erectors, regardless of the erector lifting process or system, are placed on folding/unfolding elements, such as strips of folding material, and form the PV sub-assemblies, (b) and to which direction tracking solemnization, from point (a), is carried out as follows: (b 1) for 2D type PV capture, i.e. with the PV elements arranged in the plane: by automatically tracking the 90 degree incidence of the direction of the solar radiation with the active surface of the PV modules, (b2.1) for type PV capture 3D, respectively spatial, in which each 3D PV group, of the PV sub-assembly, consists of 2 PV modules, arranged vertically, adjacent to each other, at an angle of 90 degrees between them, and in which an element , the lower one, (20), within each 3D PV group, is constituted by one or more PV modules, inclined at 45 degrees to the axis of the erector, with the active part towards the inside of the 90 degree angle, between the 2 3D PV modules of the 3D PV array, by automatically tracking the 90-degree incidence of the solar radiation direction with the active surface of the lower PV modules within each 3D PV array, or (b2.2) each collector sub-assembly 3D PV consists of 3D PV groups consisting of PV modules, or several PV modules arranged adjacently, vertically, one below the other, at an angle of 90 degrees between them, with the active part towards the inside of the 90 degree angle between the 2 PV modules of each 3D PV group, and with the bisector of the angle between the modules, perpendicular to the axis of the erector, - and in which the automation sub-system acts to obtain the spatial coincidence of direction, between the direction of the solar radiation and the direction of the bisector of the angle between each 2 PV modules arranged perpendicularly, to each other, of each 3D PV group, - and in which, for the solutions (b1), (b2.1), (b2.2), above, the actuation elements to obtain the optimal capture position, are ordered cyclically, at predetermined time periods, until the moment achieving the balance between the signals from the sun position sensors: right direction sensor and left rotation direction sensor for azimuth control and tilt sensor and elevation sensor for elevation control. 11. System for the capture of solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to claim 9, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that: (a) the erector, in detail (30), is made with a lifting system, i.e. erector, of the type of parallel scissors in multiple X, controlled by the actuation device (33) and is rigidly anchored, allowing unfolding, folding, on base plate (29), mounted by elements RO 133714 Β1 (32), of the hinge type, which allow mobility between the base plate and the rotating turret (10), on the turret 1 (10), and in which the actuation device (34), determines the inclination of the erector with respect to the turret, and which the rotation of the erector is carried out by the turret (10), 3 (b) the segments that form parallel scissors in multiple X implicitly generate, when unfolding, segments of planes that intersect at a predetermined angle, determined by 5 to: - the height of the erector, resulting as a result of unfolding, 7 - the dimensions of the scissor segments in X, (c) on the plane segments generated by the parallel scissor in multiple X, 3D PV groups are placed, each formed by 2 or more PV modules, one PV module or more modules , located in the same plane, on a scissor surface, and another 11 PV module or more modules, on the 2nd plane, adjacent to the first, and at an angle to the first, where the modules of a 3D PV group are arranged one below the other vertically, and where the 13 lower module and respectively the upper one, of each 3D PV group, take, upon unfolding, intrinsically, implicitly, identically, the angles of inclination of the surfaces generated by the 15 erector, respectively by the parallel scissors in multiple X, (d) the angle between the generated surfaces, at which the parallel scissors unfold in multiple X 17 is constructively imposed by 90 degrees, (e) the bisector between the 2 elements of each PV 3D group is arranged, by the imposed position 19 modules of the 3D PV group, perpendicular to the axis of the erector, (f) the PV modules are placed and fixed, with the active part towards the inside of the 90 degree angle, between the modules of the 3D PV group, (g) the folding/unfolding of the erector is carried out by compacting/extending the parallel scissors 23 in multiple X, (h) 25 (h1) for the case of driving through the position of the lower module of the 3D PV group: the lower modules of each 3D PV group are installed on the spatial elements with an angle of 27 of 45 degrees against the axis of the erector, on the spaces of the upper spatial modules, of each 3D PV group, install: 29 - one or more PV modules, also arranged at an angle of 45 degrees to the axis of the erector and at 90 degrees to the plane of the adjacent lower PV module, 31 - or reflective material elements, - or unoccupied spaces are maintained, 33 (h2) for the case of driving through the position of the bisector between the 2 PV modules of each 3D PV group: by mounting on each spatial element of the group one 35 PV module or several PV modules, forming planes of modules perpendicular to each other and with the bisector of the angle between these planes perpendicular to the axis of the erector, 37 (i) where the tracking of the direction of the solenation, by controlling the position of the lower module of the PV 3D group is achieved:39 (i1) by installing the plane sub- of the solar radiation direction identification system, parallel to the plane of the lower module surface of the 3D PV array, and obtaining the incidence at 9041 degrees between the solar radiation direction and the active surface of the lower PV modules of each 3D PV array, by automatically rotating and tilting the erector ,43 (i2) where the tracking of the solarization direction, by controlling the position of the bisector of the 3D PV group is achieved: by installing the sub-system plan for identifying the direction of solar radiation 45 perpendicular to the bisector of the angle between the 2 modules of the 3D PV group, and automatically obtaining , by rotating and automatically tilting the erector, of the coincidence of the spatial direction 47 of the bisector of the 3D PV group with the direction of solar radiation, RO 133714 Β1 (j) and in which the actuation elements for obtaining the optimal capture position are controlled cyclically, at predetermined time periods, until the e-balance is reached between the signals from the sun position sensors: right direction sensor and left turn direction sensor for azimuth control and pitch sensor and elevation sensor for elevation control. 12. System for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to claim 9, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that: (a) changing the tilt angle of the 2D PV modules: in view of the incidence at 90 degrees with the direction of the solar elevation, including when using the parallel scissor type erector in multiple X, it is achieved by tilting the erector, respectively the base plate supporting the erector, in relation to the surface of the turret, (b1 ) changing the angle of inclination of the 3D PV arrays, including when using the parallel scissor erector in multiple X: - in order to achieve a 90-degree incidence of solar radiation with the surface of the PV modules, or (b2) changing the angle of inclination of the 3D PV groups, including when using the parallel scissor type erector in multiple X: - in order to obtain the coincidence of the spatial direction of the solar radiation with the bisector of the angle between the 2 modules of the 3D PV group, - is achieved, both in (b1) and (b2), by tilting the erector, by commanding the automatic tilting of the base plate supporting the erector, in relation to the horizontal surface of the turret, and - in the version, for 3D parallel scissor PV systems in multiple X, the adjustment of the tilt angle of the PV modules is carried out by folding/compressing, respectively unfolding/extending actions of the erector. 13. System for the capture of solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to claim 9, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that the 3D space, in the frame which rotates and tilts the erector raised on vehicles or other objects, respectively the erector completed with PV modules and annexes, is controlled, by commanding, by the automation sub-system, the tilt of the erector, differently on each side of the vehicle, such that: (a) on the spatial portions that are not restricted: the tilting of the erector is performed with the optimal angle required, at the time, to maximize the level of captured energy, (b) on the spatial portions that are restricted: the tilting of the erector is performed at that moment, with the optimal angle required to maximize the level of captured energy, reduced if it exceeds the limits of spatial restrictions, and at which the limits are preset by the vehicle driver, when parking, before deployment, and are entered, digitally, through the means of communication with the automation system, within the templates present on the system computer. 14. System for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to claim 9, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that the achievement of protection against the wind factor of the capture system, respectively of the erector, the components and annexes fixed on it, is fulfilled by: RO 133714 Β1 (a) automatic command by the measurement and automation system, at 1 exceeding the imposed limit for the speed/pressure of the wind flow, of the automatic folding and, in the version, of the automatic retracting, of the complete erector, 3 (b) adaptive modification , intrinsic, implicit, under the action of wind pressure, of the dimensions of the sections of the wind flow passage slots, modification achieved by 5 allowing the rotation of some PV portions, or some PV sub-modules, (8), around some axes, based on the connection by hinges (58), between PV sub-modules and module support elements (57), 7 namely, in the sense of automatically opening and augmenting new sections/paths for the wind flow and with the return of sub-modules or portions of modules, in elastically forced, after 9 the disappearance of the pressure level of the wind flow, in the capture position, namely by the action of the springs (59), 11 (c) the insertion of elastic elements, (36), in the erector support, by inserting a plate of additional base, (35), namely between the base plate and the turret, and the elastic anchoring 13, (36) of this intermediate plate to the first base plate and/or turret, (d) connecting the erector to its base plate, when unfolding, through cables equipped with 15 elastic elements (37). 15. System for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to 17 claim 9, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that the erector is 19 anchored to the base plate (29), which supports the erector: - by joints of the lower segments of the parallel scissors in multiple X, and/or 21 elements with movement in mechanical guides, (38) of the lower segments of the erector sides, 23 - through cables connecting the erector to the motherboard, - through cables connecting the erector to the base plate, cables including elastic elements 25 (37), - through the components of the unfolding actuation devices, and the base plate (29), is 27 connected to the intermediate base plate, when it is integrated, by means of elastic elements (36), springs and elements of elastic materials, and the plate base or intermediate base plate 29 is connected to the turret by hinged or axial mechanical systems, and by the erector tilt actuator elements. 31 16. System for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to claim 9, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles 33 and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that the erector, respectively the multiple X-parallel scissors that support and create the erector are positioned 35 eccentrically, i.e. shifted towards the direction of capture, at the maximum allowable distance from the center of the circle of the base plate that rigidly supports the erector. 37 17. System for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to claim 9, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that the utilization and capture of electricity is carried out in the following way: 41 - each 2D PV erector discharges energy, separately, to its own MPP (Maximum Power Point) system, which, in turn, discharges energy to its own 43 voltage equalization system, which, in turn, discharges energy to the common bus of energy collection in DC, (57), 45 RO 133714 Β1 - each 3D PV erector and each PV module chain with the same spatial geometric orientation, discharges the energy, in the following manner, separately, by each PV module chain, with the same spatial orientation, to a MPP system specific to that PV module chain, and to which the MPP system, specific to the respective PV chain, discharges the energy of a voltage equalization system with the voltage to be discharged, and to which, each voltage equalizer discharges the energy to the common DC energy collection bar, - other PV modules or PV capture assemblies placed without looking for the solar direction, on the same vehicle or object, are, for each geometric area of insolation of the car, respectively for each same direction of light reception, connected, separately, to each a proprietary MPP device, followed by a proprietary voltage equalization device, and downstream, at the common DC busbar. of the vehicle, and where, for both 2D PV and 3D PV, as well as for other sub-assemblies with PV modules, on the respective vehicle or object, each PV module is provided with a power transfer diode over the respective PV element, in case that PV module is shaded. 18. System for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to claims 9, 16, intended for the full or partial supply, with electric energy, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that : - each 2D PV erector discharges energy, separately, to its own MPP (Maximum Power Point) system, which, in turn, discharges energy to its own voltage equalization system, which, in turn, discharges energy to the common busbar energy collection in DC, (57), - each 3D PV erector and each PV module chain with the same spatial geometric orientation, discharges the energy, in the following manner, separately, by each PV module chain, with the same spatial orientation, to a MPP system specific to that PV module chain, and to which the MPP system, specific to the respective PV chain, discharges the energy of a voltage equalization system with the voltage to be discharged, and to which, each voltage equalizer discharges the energy to the common DC energy collection bar, - other PV modules or PV capture assemblies placed without looking for the solar direction, on the same vehicle or object, are, for each geometric area of insolation of the car, respectively for each same direction of light reception, connected, separately, to each its own MPP device, followed by its own voltage equalization device, and downstream, at the common DC busbar of the vehicle, and to which, for both PV 2D and PV 3D, and other sub-assemblies with PV modules, on the respective vehicle or object, each PV module is provided with energy transfer diode over the respective PV element, in case that PV module is shaded. (19 ) System for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to claim 9, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that the common busbar DC energy collection from PV systems of the vehicle is connected to: - the battery charging sub-system (53), - a connector (51), which allows the delivery of DC electricity to users located outside the respective vehicle, - MPP devices (41,43) and voltage equalizers (42,44), for receiving on the common DC energy collection bar, the energy captured from 2 (for example) chains of PV modules, - MPP devices (45, 47) and voltage equalizers (46,48), for receiving on the common DC energy collection bar, the energy captured by other PV modules, fixedly mounted (without solar trackers) on the same vehicle or object , RO 133714 Β1 - a DC/AC inverter (51), connected to protections and connector (52), which allows the delivery of 1 e-energy in AC, to users located outside the respective vehicle, - a connector, (49), which allows the vehicle to receive electrical energy 3 in AC from the outside, and - its conversion, with an AC/DC inverter. (50), and directing this energy to the DC busbar sub-system 5, - transmission of the energy received from the public network, directly to the vehicle battery charging device 7. 20. System for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to claim 9, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that it is provided 11 with a sub-system for automating, monitoring, measuring and actuating the elements that are moved during capture as well as folding/unfolding, and in the variant of retracting - 13 unretracting erectors, sub-system which: (a) based on the sensors for identifying the position of the sun, in azimuth and elevation, 15 elaborates and acts the commands to rotate the turret, respectively the erector, to tilt the erector, respectively to tilt the base plate, which supports the erector, in relation with the turret, 17 (b) on the basis of sensors or systems for measuring the position of rotation and inclination, and control algorithms, achieves the framing of the erector in the imposed spatial restrictions, 19 namely with the provision of the optimal energy inclination angle of the erector in the situation of compliance of these restrictions, 21 (c) based on proximity sensors, roll and tilt position measurement sensors or systems, and control algorithms, eliminate the impact between erectors when using 23 more than one erector on the same vehicle, and perform the positioning procedure of the erectors, in order to obtain an energy arrangement favorable to the maximized harvesting and the reduction of shading between the erectors (back tracking), and in which the actuation elements for obtaining the optimal capture position are cyclically ordered, at predetermined time periods, up to 27 the fleeting moments of reaching equilibrium (equality) between the levels of the signals from the sun's position sensors: the right rotation direction sensor and the left rotation direction sensor 29 for azimuth control and the tilt sensor and the elevation sensor for elevation control. 21. System for capturing solar energy with PV/photovoltaic means, according to 31 claim 9, intended for the full or partial supply, with electricity, of land vehicles and water vehicles, and other objectives, characterized in that on vehicles 33 on land, respectively on water, multiple solar energy capture systems are installed: - by arranging them within the existing dimensions of the vehicle, respectively 35 of the vehicle's roof, respectively of the storage enclosure in the folded state, of the capture systems, and/or 37 - by augmenting the folding and possibly retracting enclosure of the capture systems, including by: 39 (a) extending the length and width of the folding and retracting enclosure, within the limits allowed by the surface of the vehicle roof, so that a high number of 41 under -erector systems (2), provided with PV modules (8) or with 3D PV groups, and/or (b) by modifying the vehicle architecture, by increasing the dimensions of the portions of the front of the cabin and/or the rear of the vehicle, to accept more many capture systems, - by generating vehicles with a new architecture characterized by lengthening 45 the roof of the vehicle above the engine, and or lengthening the rear extension of the vehicle, so that the surface of the rear of the vehicle allows the installation of an augmented number of 47 systems. RO 133714 Β1 (51) Int. CI. B60L 8/00 ^{(2006 01)} ; B60P 3/00 ^{(2006 01)} ; H02S 20/32 ^(201401) Fig. 2